Transmission Lines and Networks

1)   What is the phase variation range for reflection coefficient in the transmission lines?

a. 0° to 90°
b. 90° to 150°
c. 0° to 180°
d. 90° to 360°
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: 0° to 180°

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

2)   Which lossless element is inserted between source and load in addition to an ideal
transformer in order to reduce the effect of reflection loss phenomenon by image
matching?

a. Amplitude shifter
b. Phase shifter
c. Frequency divider
d. Voltage divider
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Phase shifter

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

3)   For a transmission line with propagation constant γ = 0.650 + j 2.55, what will be the
value of phase velocity for 1 kHz frequency?

a. 1.18 x 103 km/sec

b. 1.50 x 103 km/sec
c. 2.46 x 103 km/sec
d. 4.58 x 103 km/sec
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: 2.46 x 103 km/sec

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

4)   What would be the depth of penetration for copper at 2 MHz frequency with σ = 5.8 x
107?
a. 46.72 μm
b. 56.90 μm
c. 66.08 μm
d. 76.34 μm
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: 46.72 μm

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

5)   Which parameter is much larger than the resistance at radio frequencies in RF

circuits?

a. Inductive reactance
b. Capacitive susceptance
c. Shunt conductance
d. Series admittance
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Inductive reactance

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

6)   Which primary constant of transmission line is exhibits its dependency of value on the
cross-sectional area of conductors?

a. Resistance (R)
b. Inductance (I)
c. Conductance (G)
d. Capacitance (C)
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Resistance (R)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

7)   If the rate of attenuation is high for good conductors at radio frequency, where does an
input wave get reduced to?

a. Zero
b. Infinity
c. Minor proportion of its initial strength value
d. Major proportion of its final strength value
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Minor proportion of its initial strength value

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

8)   By which phenomenon does the energy transmission take place between the walls of the
tube in waveguides?

a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Dispersion
d. Absorption
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Reflection

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

9)   Which type of transmission line/s exhibit/s less capacitance in comparison to

underground cables?

a. Open-wire
b. Co-axial cables
c. Waveguides
d. All of the above
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Open-wire

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

10)   Which among the following is also regarded as Twin-lead transmission line?

a. Open-wire
b. Underground cable
c. Co-axial cable
d. Waveguide
Answer  Explanation 
ANSWER: Open-wire

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Transmission Line Primary Parameters”.

1. Which of the following parameters is not a primary parameter?

a) Resistance
b) Attenuation constant
c) Capacitance
d) Conductance
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The primary parameters of a transmission line are the resistance, inductance,
capacitance and conductance. The attenuation, phase and propagation constant are secondary
parameters. Thus the odd one out is the attenuation constant.

2. The networks in which the R, L, C parameters are individually concentrated or lumped at

discrete points in the circuit are called
a) Lumped
b) Distributed
c) Parallel
d) Paired
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The networks in which the R, L, C parameters are individually concentrated or
lumped at discrete points in the circuit are called lumped networks. These networks can be
identified definitely as representing a particular parameter. An example is the filters.

3. The lines having R, L, C distributed along the circuit are called

a) Lumped
b) Distributed
c) Parallel
d) Paired
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In distributed lines, the primary parameters are distributed along the circuit with
each elemental length having its own values and the concentration of the individual parameters is
not possible. An example is the transmission of power.

4. Which primary parameter is uniformly distributed along the length of the conductor?
a) G
b) C
c) L
d) R
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The resistance is a primary parameter that is uniformly distributed along the length
of the conductor. It depends on the cross section area and the length of the conductor.

5. The primary parameter that is associated with the magnetic flux linkage is
a) R
b) L
c) C
d) G
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: When the conductors carry current, the conductor will be surrounded and linked by
magnetic flux. The flux linkages per ampere of current gives rise to the effect of inductance. It is
denoted by L.

6. The primary parameter that is associated with the electric charges is

a) G
b) R
c) C
d) L
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Conductors separated by insulating dielectrics in order to store electric charges,
gives rise to the capacitance effect. The capacitance is distributed in the whole conductor length.

7. The leakage current in the transmission lines is referred to as the

a) Resistance
b) Radiation
c) Conductance
d) Polarisation
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The dielectrics or insulators of the open wire line may not be perfect and a leakage
current will flow. This leakage conductance exists between the conductors.

8. Find the receiving impedance of a transmission line having a voltage of 24V and a conduction
current of 1.2A is
a) 25.2
b) 22.8
c) 28.8
d) 20
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: By Ohm’s law, the impedance is the ratio of the voltage to the current. On
substituting for V = 24 and I = 1.2, we get Z = V/I = 24/1.2 = 20 units.

9. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line with impedance and admittance of 16 and
9 respectively is
a) 25
b) 1.33
c) 7
d) 0.75
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is given by Zo = √(Z/Y), where Z is the impedance
and Y is the admittance. On substituting for Z = 16 and Y = 9, we get the characteristic
impedance as √(16/9) = 1.33 units.

10. The propagation constant of a transmission line with impedance and admittance of 9 and 16
respectively is
a) 25
b) 144
c) 12
d) 7
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The propagation constant is given by γ = √(ZY), where Z is given by 9 and Y is 16.
On substituting the given values, the propagation constant will be γ = √(ZY) = √(9 x 16) = 12
units.
advertisement

11. Find the characteristic impedance expression in terms of the inductance and capacitance
parameters.
a) Zo = √(LC)
b) Zo = LC
c) Zo = √(L/C)
d) Zo = L/C
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The characteristic impedance is given by the square root of the ratio of the
inductance to the capacitance. Thus Zo = √(L/C) is the required expression.

12. When a transmission line has a load impedance same as that of the characteristic impedance,
the line is said to be
a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Polarized
d) Matched
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: When a transmission line load impedance is same as that of the characteristic
impedance, the line is said to be matched. In such cases, full transmission of power will occur,
with minimal losses.

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Types of Transmission Lines”.

1. Identify which of the following is not a transmission line?

a) Telephone lines
b) Power transmission
c) Underground cables
d) Cavity resonators
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The types of transmission line are telephone lines, power transmission lines,
underground cables, coaxial cables, fibre optic cable transmission etc. Cavity resonators are not
transmission lines, they are components that aid maximum transmission.

2. The open wire transmission line consists of

a) Conductor
b) Dielectric
c) Both conductor and dielectric
d) Either conductor or dielectric
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The open wire is a common form of transmission line. The open wire consists of
conductors. The conductors of such lines are considered to be parallel and separated by a
dielectric.

3. Telephone lines and power lines are open wire transmission lines. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The open wire lines are long and used for distant wired communication. Such lines
are telephone and power lines.
4. The cable transmission line consists of
a) Conductors
b) Insulators
c) Insulated conductors
d) Insulated conductors with dielectric
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The cable lines are underground transmission lines. The line consists of hundreds of
individual paper insulated conductors twisted in pairs and combined inside a protective lead or
plastic sheath, which is usually a solid dielectric.

5. The conductors lie perpendicularly with the dielectric in the cable line. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In all the transmission lines, the conductors are considered to be parallel with a
solid dielectric.

6. The coaxial cable consists of

a) Conductors
b) Dielectric
c) Conductor with dielectric
d) Two conductors with dielectric
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The coaxial cable consists of a hollow conductor and the second conductor is
located inside and coaxial with the tube. The dielectric may be solid or gaseous.

7. The coaxial cable are used in

a) Telephone cables transmission
b) Power transmission
c) Television signal transmission
d) Short wave transmission
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Practically, the coaxial cables are employed in the transmission of the television
signals from the dish antenna to the transponder.

8. Identify which is not a type of waveguide.

a) Rectangular
b) Circular
c) Cylindrical
d) Cavity resonator
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Rectangular waveguide is a commonly used waveguide. Cylindrical and circular
waveguides are the same. Cavity resonator is not a waveguide.

9. The range of frequencies handled by the waveguides is in

a) Hz
b) KHz
c) MHz
d) GHz
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The waveguides are operated in the GHz range. In particular, the waveguides are
active above 6 GHz. The range goes upto several tens of GHz. Beyond this range, the
transmission is handled by optic fibre cables.

10. The range of frequencies operated by the coaxial cables is in

a) Hz
b) kHz
c) MHz
d) GHz
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Coaxial cables are operated in the MHz range. The main application includes
television cable line transmission.
advertisement

11. The cut off frequency for waveguide operation is

a) 2 MHz
b) 6 GHz
c) 4 MHz
d) 6 MHz
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The waveguides should be operated above the cut off frequency of 6 GHz. This will
lead to effective power transmission. At a frequency below this, will lead to attenuation.

12. The highest means of communication is

a) Internet
b) Telephone
c) Television
d) Radio
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Though all the means of communication use the radio frequencies, the internet
communication is the fastest. It involves email, voice message, video message etc. The
telephone, television and radio use transmission lines for communication through radio
frequencies, whereas the internet uses both wired and wireless means. Also it employs optic
fibre, which uses light as the medium, since it is faster than the radio signals.

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Transmission Line Equations”.

1. Which of the following parameters does not exist in the transmission line equation?
a) R
b) Zo
c) ZL
d) Propagation constant
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transmission line equation consists of secondary parameters only, which are
derived from the primary parameters. The propagation constant, load impedance and the
characteristic impedance are related in the transmission line equation.

2. For an infinite transmission line, the characteristic impedance is given by 50 ohm. Find the
input impedance.
a) 25
b) 100
c) 2500
d) 50
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: From the transmission line equation, the infinite line will have an input impedance
same as that of the characteristic impedance. Thus Zin = Zo for l->∞. This shows that the line
will be matched. The input impedance for the given case is 50 ohm.

3. The best transmission length for effective transmission of power is

a) L = λ/4
b) L = λ/8
c) L = λ/2
d) L = ∞
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Maximum transmission of power will occur, when the transmission line is matched.
This implies that the input and characteristic impedances are the same. This condition is possible
for l = λ/8 and l = ∞. Since l = ∞ is not feasible, the best option is l = λ/8.

4. When the length of the transmission line is same as that of the wavelength, then which
condition holds good?
a) Zin = Zo
b) Z = Zo
c) ZL = Zo
d) Zin = ZL
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: When the transmission line has a length same as that of the wavelength of the wave
propagating through it, the input impedance will be same as the load impedance. This is the case
where the wave is not amplified. The transmission line acts as a buffer.

5. The input impedance of a half wave transmission line with a load impedance of 12.5 ohm is
a) 25
b) 50
c) 6.25
d) 12.5
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For a half wave transmission line L = λ/2, the input and the load impedances will be
the same. Thus for the given data, the input impedance will be 12.5 ohm.

6. The condition for a quarter wave transformer is

a) Zo2 = Zin ZL
b) Zo = Zin ZL
c) ZL2 = Zin Zo
d) Zo = Zin
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The quarter wave transformer represents L = λ/4. In this case, the characteristic
impedance is the geometric mean of the input and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL is the
required condition.

7. Find the characteristic impedance of a quarter wave with input and load impedances given by
50 and 25 respectively.
a) 50
b) 25
c) 75
d) 35.35
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zin = 50 and ZL = 25, we get Zo2
= 50 x 25. The characteristic impedance will be 35.35 ohm.

8. Find the load impedance in a quarter line transformer with characteristic impedance of 75 ohm
and input impedance of 200 ohm.
a) 28.125
b) 12.285
c) 52.185
d) 85.128
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a quarter line wave, the characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of input
and load impedances. Thus Zo2 = Zin ZL. On substituting for Zo = 75 and Zin = 200, we get ZL
= Zo2/Zin = 752/200 = 28.125 ohm.

9. The reflection coefficient of a perfectly matched transmission line is

a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) ∞
View Answer

10. The purpose of the transmission line equation is to

a) Find primary parameters
b) Find secondary parameters
c) Find the reflection cofficient
d) Impedance matching
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line equation is useful in finding the length of the line which
gives maximum power transfer. Thus it is useful for impedance matching.
advertisement

11. The quarter wave transformer can be considered as a

a) Impedance inverter
b) Impedance doubler
c) Impedance tripler
d) Impedance quadrupler
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A quarter wave transformer may be considered as an impedance inverter as it can
transform a low impedance into a high impedance and vice-versa.

12. Which transmission line is called as one to one transformer?

a) L = λ
b) L = λ/2
c) L = λ/4
d) L = λ/8
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The half wave transformer line repeats its terminating impedance. In other words,
when l = λ/2, Zin = ZL. Thus it is considered to be one to one transformer.

Electromagnetics & Transmission Lines

Questions and Answers
Electronics Questions and Answers By Sasmita July 12, 2017

1)   In accordance to Newton’s law, if two bodies m1 & m2 are separated by a distance R,
then what would be the value of gravitational force between them?

a. m1m2 G/R2
b. m1m2/R2
c. m1m2 G2/R
d. (m1m2)2 G/R

ANSWER: (a) m1m2 G/R2

2)   According to coulomb’s law, what do the force between two point charges proportional
to?

a. Addition of charges
b. Difference of charges
c. Product of charges
d. Integration of charges

ANSWER: (c) Product of charges

3)   Which type of phenomenon is likely to occur, if two charges possess opposite sign?

a. Force of attraction
b. Force of repulsion
c. Force of stability
d. Force of equality

ANSWER: (a) Force of attraction

4)   If a negative charge is absent corresponding to Faraday’s experiment of concentric

spheres, then where do the flux lines show termination?

a. At zero
b. At unity
c. At infinity
d. At radial field

ANSWER: (c) At infinity

5)   Flux lines never _________

1. Cross each other

2. Depend on the medium where the charges are located
3. Show radial outward direction
4. Start from positive charge

a. 1 & 2
b. 3 & 4
c. 1 & 4
d. 2 & 3

ANSWER: (a) 1 & 2

6)   During the representation of relationship between flux density and electric field
density, what would be the value of relative permittivity for air medium?

a. 0
b. 1
c. 8.85 x 10-12 F/m
d. ∞

ANSWER: (b) 1

7)   During the movement of a charge, potential energy undergoes _________

a. Expansion
b. Compression
c. Radiation
d. Reflection
ANSWER: (a) Expansion

8)   The phenomenon of work done while moving a point charge in presence of an electric
field is independent of _______

a. Position
b. Force
c. Path
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) Path

9)   Work done becomes zero, if the selected path is located in _______ direction to electric
field intensity (E)

a. Parallel
b. Perpendicular
c. Opposite
d. Adjacent

ANSWER: (b) Perpendicular

10)   If the motion of charge (Q) is against the electric field with an additional requirement
of external force, then what would be the nature of work done?

a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Null (zero)
d. Infinity

ANSWER: (a) Positive

11)   Which law/principle of conservation provides the basis for the continuity equation of
current?

a. Mass action
b. Energy
c. Charge
d. Momentum

ANSWER: (c) Charge

12)   Rate of decrease in charge for volume ‘V’ bounded by a surface is equal to ______

a. Incoming current rate

b. Outgoing current rate
c. Stable current rate
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Outgoing current rate

13)   Which among the following elements is/are not possessed by steady state current?

a. Source
b. Sink
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a and b

14)   Which among the following equation shows the correct relationship between electric
field intensity and electric flux density?

a. Dt = ε0 Et
b. Et = ε0 Dt
c. Dt = Et/ε0
d. (Dt + Et) = 1

ANSWER: (a) Dt = ε0 Et

15)   In the equation DN = ρs, the normal component of electric flux density is equal to
__________ 

a. Surface charge density

b. Volume charge density
c. Line charge density
d. Surface area

ANSWER: (a)  Surface charge density

16)   Which among the following is not a boundary condition between the conductor and
the dielectric (ε = ε0 εr)?

a. Et = 0
b. Dt = 1
c. DN = ρs
d. EN = ρs / ε0εr

ANSWER: (b)  Dt = 1

17)   Consider the statements related to the case of boundary between two conductors.
Which among them is/are incorrect?
a. Electric field must be parallel to the surface of good conductor
b. Static electric field inside the conductor is always zero
c. Surface of conductor is always an equipotential surface
d. All of the above

ANSWER: (a) Electric field must be parallel to the surface of good conductor

18)   In a magnetic flux density, the total magnetic lines of force crossing a unit area in
plane to the direction of flux are at _______

a. Acute angles
b. Obtuse angles
c. Right angles
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Right angles

19)   What does the constant ‘μ’ indicate, while specifying the relation between magnetic
flux density (B) and magnetic field intensity (H)?

a. Persistivity
b. Permittivity
c. Permissibility
d. Permeability

ANSWER: (d) Permeability

20)   In magnetism, Biot-Savart law is well-known as _____ law of current element

a. Ampere’s
b. Coulomb’s
c. Joule’s
d. Ohm’s

ANSWER: (a) Ampere’s

21)   According to Biot-Savart law, which parameter/s exhibit/s an/the inverse relationship

to the differential magnetic field intensity (dH)?

a. Current
b. Magnitude of differential length
c. Sine of angle between filament & line connecting differential length to point
d. Square of the distance from differential element to point

ANSWER: (d) Square of the distance from differential element to point

22)   What does Maxwell’s equation derived from Faraday’s law, known as?

a. Motional Induction
b. Stationary Induction
c. Transformer Induction
d. Transistor Induction

ANSWER: (c) Transformer Induction

23)   According to Lenz’s law, if a magnet is moved away from the coil, which pole should
be produced in the core by the current in order to resist the movement of magnet?

a. North pole
b. South pole
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) South pole

24)   Which conceptual notion introduced by Maxwell, indicates the generation of magnetic

field in an empty free space?

a. Displacement current
b. Velocity Vector current
c. Acceleration current
d. Projectile current

ANSWER: (a)  Displacement current

25)   Which among the following is also regarded as Twin-lead transmission line?

a. Open-wire
b. Underground cable
c. Co-axial cable
d. Waveguide

ANSWER: (a) Open-wire

26)   Which type of transmission line/s exhibit/s less capacitance in comparison to

underground cables?

a. Open-wire
b. Co-axial cables
c. Waveguides
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (a) Open-wire

27)   By which phenomenon does the energy transmission take place between the walls of
the tube in waveguides?

a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Dispersion
d. Absorption

ANSWER: (a) Reflection

28)   Which points have maximum magnitude along the line?

a. Nodes
b. Antinodes
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Antinodes

29)   What is the magnitude of current or voltage at the nodes of a line?

a. Zero
b. Unity
c. Infinite
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Zero

30)   What does the line showing termination at R0 with an absence of standing wave and
node/anti-node, known as?

a. Smooth line
b. Rough line
c. Load line
d. Point line

ANSWER:  (a) Smooth line

31)   On which factors does the magnitude of force depend, according to Coulomb’s law?

a. Size and shape of charges

b. Sign (polarity) of charges
c. Medium in which charges are placed
d. Displacement shown by the charges
ANSWER: (c) Medium in which charges are placed

32)   Which among the following statements related to point charge is/are true?

a. Geometrical dimensions of point charges are negligible

b. Point charge is basically an electric charge located at any surface or space
c. Variation in the number of electrons in an atom constitutes the charge
d. All of the above

ANSWER:  (d) All of the above

33)   In the vector notation of force F21, what does the second number at suffix indicate?

a. Force exerted by the point charge

b. Force exerted on a point charge
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Force exerted on a point charge

34)   What is the purpose of Gauss’s law?

a. To determine the enclosed charge

b. To estimate the flux passing through the closed surface
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a and b

35)   The field is said to have zero divergence, if the number of field lines arriving are
______ to/than the number of field lines departing the volume

a. Less
b. Greater
c. Equal
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Equal

36)   According to Maxwell’s first equation, the electric flux departing per unit volume is
equal to _______

a. Line charge density

b. Surface charge density
c. Volume charge density
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (c) Volume charge density

37)   Under which condition/s of the selected path, is the work done said to be zero?

a. Open loop
b. Closed loop
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER:  (b) Closed loop

38)   Along the parabola x = 2y2, what will be the value of work done in carrying the charge
of -4μJ, from point P1 (3,1,-1) to P2 (4,2,-1) in the electric field E = y ax + x ay ?

a. 4 μJ
b. 14 μJ
c. 28 μJ
d. 56 μJ

ANSWER: (d) 56 μJ

39)   Electric field intensity is defined as the ratio of _____ to the test charge.

a. Displacement
b. Pressure
c. Force
d. Current

ANSWER: (c) Force

40)   Which parameter is considered as a reference for the measurement of zero potential? 

a. Field
b. Ground
c. VCC
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Ground

41)   What is the value of rate of change of charge density for steady state current?

a. 0
b. 0.5
c. 1
d. ∞
ANSWER: (a) 0

42)   Which consequence/s is/are likely to occur due to polarization?

a. Increase in electric flux density

b. Decrease in electric flux density
c. Stability in electric flux density
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Increase in electric flux density

43)   If the material is isotropic and linear, what would be the direction of electric field
intensity and the polarization at each point?

a. Parallel
b. Perpendicular
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Parallel

44)   Poisson’s equation is derived from ________

a. Laplace equation
b. Guass law
c. Thevenin’s theorem
d. Kirchoff’s law

ANSWER: (b) Guass law

45)   If the volume charge density is found to be zero, then what would be the transformed
type of Poisson’s equation especially due to presence of line, point or surface charge?

a. ▾2 V = – (ρv / ε)
b. ▾2 V = – ρv
c. ▾2 V = 1
d. ▾2 V = 0

ANSWER:  (d) ▾2 V = 0

46)   Consider the equation of spherical capacitor given below. What does the potential
between the spheres specify?

Equation: V = -(V0 / r) [ab / a-b] + V0[a / a-b]

a. As an integral of capacitance
b. As a derivative of radius
c. As an index of radial direction
d. As a function of position

ANSWER:  (d) As a function of position

47)   What is the value of cross product for two similar unit vectors?

a. Zero
b. Infinity
c. Third unit vector
d. Negative vector

ANSWER:  (a) Zero

48)   Which co-ordinate/s serve/s to be a function of magnitude of magnetic field intensity

due to infinite long straight filament?

a. 0
b. Φ
c. z
d. r

ANSWER: (d)  r

49)   What is the direction of magnetic field intensity vector due to infinite long straight
filament?

a. Radial
b. Elliptical
c. Parabolic
d. Circumferential

ANSWER: (d) Circumferential

50)   In Ampere’s circuital law, what is the purpose of an ‘Amperian Path’?

a. Computation of magnetic field intensity

b. Determination of differential element of path length
c. Estimation of electric flux density
d. Detection of loop in a constant plane

ANSWER:  (a) Computation of magnetic field intensity

51)   Which nature of applied voltage results in the flow of conduction current in the
displacement current concept?

a. Constant
b. Variable
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER:  (b) Variable

52)   Which form of Maxwell’s equation specifies the fundamental relationship between the
electric and magnetic fields in time varying field?

a. Point form
b. Integral form
c. Exponential form
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Point form

53)   Maxwell’s second equation of static field is a point form of _________

a. Ampere’s circuital law

b. Guass’s law
c. Lenz law
d. Biot Savart law

ANSWER: (a) Ampere’s circuital law

54)   If the rate of attenuation is high for good conductors at radio frequency, where does
an input wave get reduced to?

a. Zero
b. Infinity
c. Minor proportion of its initial strength value
d. Major proportion of its final strength value

ANSWER:  (c) Minor proportion of its initial strength value

55)   Which primary constant of transmission line is exhibits its dependency of value on the
cross-sectional area of conductors?

a. Resistance (R)
b. Inductance (I)
c. Conductance (G)
d. Capacitance (C)
ANSWER: (a) Resistance (R)

56)   Which parameter is much larger than the resistance at radio frequencies in RF

circuits?

a. Inductive reactance
b. Capacitive susceptance
c. Shunt conductance
d. Series admittance

ANSWER: (a)  Inductive reactance

57)   Which operation is performed over the in phase incident and reflected waves in order
to obtain maximum voltage of SWR?

a. Addition
b. Subtraction
c. Differentiation
d. Integration

ANSWER: (a) Addition

58)   What would be the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) for a line with reflection coefficient
equal to 0.49?

a. 0.01
b. 2.12
c. 2.921
d. 3.545

ANSWER:  (c) 2.921

59)   How does the short-circuited line behave for the first λ/4 distance if input impedance
is purely reactive?

a. As an inductance
b. As a resistance
c. As a capacitance
d. As a conductance

ANSWER:  (a) As an inductance

60)   An electric field exhibits variation corresponding to _________

a. Position
b. Time
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a and b

61)   At which point it becomes necessary to determine the electric field intensity?

a. Field Point
b. Source Point
c. Sink Point
d. Static Point

ANSWER: (a) Field Point

62)   What kind of function is an electric field intensity with respect to the value of charge?

a. Linear
b. Angular
c. Delta
d. Sinc

ANSWER: (a) Linear

63)   Under which category of charge distribution does the cathode ray tube belong to? 

a. Point Charge
b. Line Charge
c. Surface Charge
d. Volume Charge

ANSWER: (d) Volume Charge

64)   Which form of Gauss’s law is regarded as Maxwell’s first equation?

a. Point form
b. Line form
c. Angular form
d. Exponential form

ANSWER: (a) Point form

65)   Consider the equation given below. What does it represent from the following?

Equation: ▾.D = (∂Dx / ∂x) + (∂Dy / ∂y) + (∂Dz / ∂z)

a. Divergence in Cartesian system
b. Divergence in Cylindrical system
c. Divergence in Spherical system
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Divergence in Cartesian system

66)   Basically, the flux lines which are represented by the lines of force are regarded as
_________

a. Branch lines
b. Node lines
c. Stream lines
d. Loop lines

ANSWER: (c) Stream lines

67)   Which among the following represents a scalar quantity?

a. Velocity
b. Momentum
c. Force
d. Potential

ANSWER: (d) Potential

68)   If a point ‘P’ has spherical coordinates (r = 5000, θ = 0°, ∅ = 0°), then what will be its
equivalent value (x,y,z) in Cartesian co-ordinate system?

a. (5000, 0, 0)
b. (0, 5000, 0)
c. (0, 0, 5000)
d. (0, 0, 0)

ANSWER: (c)  (0, 0, 5000)

69)   Consider a point charge of about 10nC is located at origin. If V = 4V at (0,5,7) and

point A (-6,4,12), then what would be the value of potential at point B (2,10,14)?

a. 1.261 V
b. -1.261 V
c. 2.696 V
d. -2.696 V

ANSWER: (b) -1.261 V

70)   According to the definition of dielectric strength of dielectric medium, which value of
electric field give rise to an occurrence of dielectric breakdown phenomenon?

a. Maximum
b. Minimum
c. Initial
d. Final

ANSWER: (b) Minimum

71)   If the magnitude of E for a dielectric material is 0.12 mV/m along with electric
susceptibility of about 4, what would be the magnitude of polarization?

a. 2.20 x 10-15 c/m2
b. 3.89 x 10-15 c/m2
c. 4.24 x 10-15 c/m2
d. 5.64 x 10-15 c/m2

ANSWER:  (c) 4.24 x 10-15 c/m2

72)   For an estimated value of polarization (P) = 4 .42 x 10-10 c/m2 and the availability of 4 x

1018dipoles/m3, what will be the value of average dipole moment for dielectric material?

a. 0.05 x 10-28
b. 1.105 x 10-28
c. 1.205 x 10-28
d. 1.405 x 10-28

ANSWER:  (b) 1.105 x 10-28

73)   Which type of capacitor possesses magnitude of flux density equivalent to its surface
charge density?

a. Parallel Plate capacitor

b. Spherical Capacitor
c. Co-axial cable capacitor
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) Parallel Plate capacitor

74)   If the medium is different than air, then what would be the equation of capacitance for
a co-axial cable capacitor?

a. C = ε0 εr A / d
b. C = 4π ε0 εr [ab / a – b]
c. C = 2π ε0 εr L / ln (b/a)
d. C = 2π ε0 εr R

ANSWER: (c) C = 2π ε0 εr L / ln (b/a)

75)   According to Maxwell’s first equation in a point form for the static field, the electric
flux per unit volume by leaving a small value is equal to __________

a. Zero
b. Current density
c. Volume charge density
d. Magnetic field intensity

ANSWER: (c) Volume charge density

76)   How is the relation between energy transfer and the electric and magnetic fields
specified?

a. By Poynting theorem

b. By Stoke’s theorem
c. By Helmholtz theorem
d. By Lagrange’s theorem

ANSWER: (a) By Poynting theorem

77)   The ratio of magnitudes of electric field intensity to the magnetic field intensity is
regarded as ________

a. Intrinsic Impedance
b. Characteristic Impedance
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (c) Both a and b

78)   What would be the depth of penetration for copper at 2 MHz frequency with σ = 5.8 x
107?

a. 46.72 μm
b. 56.90 μm
c. 66.08 μm
d. 76.34 μm

ANSWER: (a) 46.72 μm

79)   For a transmission line with propagation constant γ = 0.650 + j 2.55, what will be the
value of phase velocity for 1 kHz frequency?

a. 1.18 x 103 km/sec
b. 1.50 x 103 km/sec
c. 2.46 x 103 km/sec
d. 4.58 x 103 km/sec
ANSWER: (c) 2.46 x 103 km/sec

80)   Which lossless element is inserted between source and load in addition to an ideal
transformer in order to reduce the effect of reflection loss phenomenon by image
matching?

a. Amplitude shifter
b. Phase shifter
c. Frequency divider
d. Voltage divider

ANSWER: (b) Phase shifter

81)   What is the phase variation range for reflection coefficient in the transmission lines?

a. 0° to 90°
b. 90° to 150°
c. 0° to 180°
d. 90° to 360°

ANSWER: (c) 0° to 180°

82)   After what wavelength does the nature of graph get reversed for the input impedance
of open-circuited line?

a. λ/2
b. λ/4
c. λ/8
d. λ/16

ANSWER:  (b) λ/4

83)   If the quarter line is short-circuited, then it acts as _______

a. Conductor
b. Insulator
c. Semiconductor
d. Power regulator
ANSWER: (b)  Insulator

84)   According to Smith diagram, where should be the position of reflection coefficient

value for a unity circle with unity radius?

a. On or inside the circle

b. Outside the circle
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) On or inside the circle

85)   The constant x-circles of Smith chart becomes smaller due to increase in the value of
‘x’ from ______

a. 0 to π
b. 0 to 2π
c. 0 to π /2
d. 0 to ∞

ANSWER: (d) 0 to ∞

This set of Microwave Engineering Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on
“Impedance Matching Using Slotted Lines”.

1. Slotted line is a transmission line configuration that allows the sampling of:
a) electric field amplitude of a standing wave on a terminated line
b) magnetic field amplitude of a standing wave on a terminated line
c) voltage used for excitation
d) current that is generated by the source
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Slotted line allows the sampling of the electric field amplitude of a standing wave
on a terminated line. With this device, SWR and the distance of the first voltage minimum from
the load can be measured, from this data, load impedance can be found.

2. A slotted line can be used to measure _____ and the distance of _____________ from the
load.
a) SWR, first voltage minimum
b) SWR, first voltage maximum
c) characteristic impedance, first voltage minimum
d) characteristic impedance, first voltage maximum
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: With a slotted line, SWR and the distance of the first voltage minimum from the
load can be measured, from this data, load impedance can be found.

3. A modern device that replaces a slotted line is:

a) Digital CRO
b) generators
c) network analyzers
d) computers
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Although slotted lines used to be the principal way of measuring unknown
impedance at microwave frequencies, they have largely been superseded by the modern network
analyzer in terms of accuracy, versatility and convenience.

4. If the standing wave ratio for a transmission line is 1.4, then the reflection coefficient for the
line is:
a) 0.16667
b) 1.6667
c) 0.01667
d) 0.96
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ┌= (SWR-1)/ (SWR+1). Substituting for SWR in the above equation for reflection
co-efficient, given SWR is 1.4, reflection co-efficient is 0.16667.

5. If the reflection coefficient of a transmission line is 0.4, then the standing wave ratio is:
a) 1.3333
b) 2.3333
c) 0.4
d) 0.6
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: SWR= (1+┌)/ (1-┌). Where ┌ is the reflection co-efficient. Substituting for the
reflection co-efficient in the equation, SWR is 2.3333.

6. Expression for ϴ means phase angle of the reflection co efficient r=|r|-e^jθ, the phase of the
reflection co-efficient is:
a) θ=2π+2βLmin
b) θ=π+2βLmin
c) θ=π/2+2βLmin
d) θ=π+βLmin
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: here, θ is the phase of the reflection co-efficient. Lmin is the distance from the load
to the first minimum. Since voltage minima repeat every λ/2, any multiple of λ/2 can be added to
Lmin .

7. In the expression for phase of the reflection coefficient, Lmin stands for :
a) distance between load and first voltage minimum
b) distance between load and first voltage maximum
c) distance between consecutive minimas
d) distance between a minima and immediate maxima
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Lmin is defined as the distance between the terminating load of a transmission line
and the first voltage minimum that occurs in the transmission line due to reflection of waves
from the load end due to mismatched termination.
advertisement

8. If SWR=1.5 with a wavelength of 4 cm and the distance between load and first minima is
1.48cm, then the reflection coefficient is:
a) 0.0126+j0.1996
b) 0.0128
c) 0.26+j0.16
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ┌= (SWR-1)/ (SWR+1). Substituting for SWR in the above equation for reflection
co-efficient, magnitude of the reflection co-efficient is 0.2. To find θ, θ=π+2βLmin, substituting
Lmin as 1.48cm, θ=86.4⁰. Hence converting the polar form of the reflection co-efficient into
rectangular co-ordinates, reflection co-efficient is 0.0126+j0.1996.

9. If the characteristic impedance of a transmission line 50 Ω and reflection coefficient is

0.0126+j0.1996, then load impedance is:
a) 47.3+j19.7Ω
b) 4.7+j1.97Ω
c) 0.26+j0.16
d) data insufficient
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ZL=Z0 (1+┌)/ (1-┌). Substituting the given values of reflection co-efficient and
characteristic impedance, ZL is 47.3+j19.7Ω .

10. If the normalized load impedance of a transmission line is 2, then the reflection co-efficient
is:
a) 0.33334
b) 1.33334
c) 0
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ZL=Z0 (1+┌)/ (1-┌), this is the expression for load impedance. Normalized load
impedance is the ratio of load impedance to the characteristic impedance, taking ZLL/Z0 as 2, the
reflection co-efficient is equal to 0.33334.