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HCF & LCM of Polynomials

The document discusses polynomials, including: 1) Defining the degree of a polynomial as the power of the highest term, and examples of finding the degree. 2) Defining the highest common factor (HCF) as the polynomial of highest degree that divides both polynomials, and the least common multiple (LCM) as the polynomial of lowest degree divided by both. 3) Examples of finding the HCF and LCM of polynomials through factoring and identifying common terms.

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770 views2 pages

HCF & LCM of Polynomials

The document discusses polynomials, including: 1) Defining the degree of a polynomial as the power of the highest term, and examples of finding the degree. 2) Defining the highest common factor (HCF) as the polynomial of highest degree that divides both polynomials, and the least common multiple (LCM) as the polynomial of lowest degree divided by both. 3) Examples of finding the HCF and LCM of polynomials through factoring and identifying common terms.

Uploaded by

chaostheorist
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QA – Polynomials

H.C.F AND L.C.M. OF POLYNOMIALS

Polynomial:
Examples
a) x3 +4x2 +3x
b) 5x4+3x3 +2x2 +7x

Degree:
The power of the variable. For example, in the polynomial x3 +4x2 +3x, the highest degree is 3
3 4 3 2
(x ) and the lowest degree is 1(3x). For example, in the polynomial 5x +3x +2x +7x, the highest
degree is 4 (5x4) and the lowest degree is 1(7x).

Factor:
A polynomial D(x) is a factor of the polynomial N(x) if it completely divides N(x) i.e. the
remainder is 0. Therefore N(x) = D(x).Q(x)

HCF / GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) :


The polynomial h(x) is a polynomial of highest degree which divides each one of the given
polynomials. The coefficient of highest degree term is always taken as positive.

L.C.M. (Least Common Multiple) :


The polynomial l(x) is a polynomial of lowest degree which is completely divided
(remainder=0) by each one of the given polynomials.

HCF x LCM
For any two polynomials P(x) and Q(x). We have:
P(x) × Q(x) = [HCF of P(x) and Q(x)] × [LCM of P(x) and Q(x)]

EXAMPLE 1: Find the HCF and LCM of the following polynomials


(y + 8)2(y – 9)2(y+ 7)2, (y + 7)3(y+8)3(y – 9)
SOLUTION
s(y) = (y + 8)2(y – 9)2(y + 7)2
t(y) = (y+ 7)3(y+8)3(y– 9)
HCF = (y+ 8)2(y+7)2(y–9)
LCM = (y+ 7)3(y+8)3(y – 9)2

EXAMPLE 2 Find the HCF and LCM of the following polynomials.


88y(y + 1)2, 24y2(2y2 + 3y + 1)

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1


QA – Polynomials

SOLUTION
P(y) = 88y(y + 1)2
Q(y) = 24y2(2y2 + 3y + 1)
P(y) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × y × (y + 1)2
Q(y) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × y2 × (y + 1)(2y + 1)
HCF = 8 × y × (y + 1) = 8y(y+ 1)
LCM = 8y(y+ 1) × 11 × 3 × y × (y + 1)(2y + 1)
= 264y2(y + 1)2(2y+ 1)

EXAMPLE 3 Find the HCF and LCM of (3 + 13x – 30x2) and (25x2 – 30x + 9)
SOLUTION
P(x) = (3 + 13x – 30x2)
Q(x) = (25x2 – 30x + 9)
P(x) = 4+ 10y – 6y2
= 4 + 12y – 2y – 6y2
= – (3y + 1)(2y – 4)
Q(x) = 4y2 – 16y + 16 = (2y– 4)2
HCF of P(x) and Q(x) = (2y – 4)
LCM of P(x) and Q(x) = – (2y – 4)2(3y + 1)

EXAMPLE 4 The HCF of two polynomials is (y– 4)(y + 5) and their LCM is (y –4)2(y + 5)(y + 7).
If one of the polynomial is y2 +y – 20, find the other.
HCF = (y – 4) (y + 5)
LCM = (y –4)2(y + 5)(y + 7)
HCF × LCM = (y –4)3(y + 5)2(y + 7)
P(y) = y2 + y – 20
= (y– 4) (y+ 5)
P(y).Q.(y) = HCF × LCM
Q(y) =
= (y – 4)2(y+ 5)(y+7)
The other polynomial is (y – 4)2(y+ 5)(y+7)

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2

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