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Base System: QA - Basics

The document discusses basics of different number systems including: 1) How the largest single and double digit numbers change based on the number of digits used, such as the largest single digit being 6 instead of 9 with only 7 digits. 2) How to represent and convert numbers between different bases such as decimal, hexadecimal, and other bases using exponents of the base. 3) How numbers represented in different bases can be equal if the number is less than both bases, but larger numbers will be different between bases.

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31 views

Base System: QA - Basics

The document discusses basics of different number systems including: 1) How the largest single and double digit numbers change based on the number of digits used, such as the largest single digit being 6 instead of 9 with only 7 digits. 2) How to represent and convert numbers between different bases such as decimal, hexadecimal, and other bases using exponents of the base. 3) How numbers represented in different bases can be equal if the number is less than both bases, but larger numbers will be different between bases.

Uploaded by

chaostheorist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QA – Basics

BASE SYSTEM
The decimal system has 10 digits (0 - 9) and the largest single digit is 9 followed by 2 digit
numbers. Largest 2 digit number is 99 followed by 3 digit numbers.
If there were only 7 digits (0 - 6), then the largest single digit number would have been 6
followed by 2 digit number, (10,11,12,13,14,15,16, 20,21,22,23….). Largest two digit number
would have been 66 followed by 3 digit numbers (100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 115, 116).
Single digit numbers:

(0-9) 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

(0-8)9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
(0-7)8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11

(0-6)7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 11 12

(0-5)6 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 11 12 13
(0-3 )4 0 1 2 3 10 11 12 13 20 21

(0-2)3 0 1 2 10 11 12 20 21 22 100

2 digit numbers:

(0-9) 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(0-8)9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(0-7)8 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 21

(0-6)7 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23

(0-5)6 14 15 20 21 22 23 24 25
(0-3 )4 22 23 30 31 32 33 100 101

(0-2)3 101 102 110 111 112 120 121 122

Digits more than 10:


Example: Hexa-decimal system. Digits used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F. Total
digits used =16

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1


QA – Basics

Representation:
If a number abc is written in base d, then its decimal equivalent is: a x d2 +b x d1 + c x d0.

For example: if there is a number PQRS written in base N. then its decimal equivalent is:

P Q R S
x
+ x
+ x
+ X

N3 N2 N1 N0

OR the number in the decimal form or the way we normally write is PN3+Q N2+ RN +S

Conversion of a decimal number in a different form is covered in the conversion chapter

Example: (564)7 = 5 x 72 + 6 x 7 + 4= 5 x 49 + 42 + 4= 291


(472)8 = 4 x 82 + 7 x 8 + 2= 4 x 64 + 56 + 2= 314
(2341)5 = 2 x 53 + 3 x 52 + 4 x 5 + 1= 2 x 125 + 3 x 25 + 20 + 1= 346

Comparison of Different Base Systems


If a number N is written in base a and base b and if N is less than both a and b, then N is same in
both bases. For example (2)3=(2)4=(2)5=(2)6=(2)7=(2)8=(2)9=(2)10 . For example (6)7=(6)8=(6)9=(6)10.
Example: How many different values of N are possible in the following calculation: (3)N (2)N =
(6)N ?
If N is more than 6, then the equation will always be true. So, any value of N 7 is possible.
Hence N can take infinite values.
Example: How many different values of N are possible in the following calculation: (6)N x (3)N =
(22)N?
It is clear that N is less than 24 but more than 6, and there can either be 1 value of N or no
value. (22)N = 2 x N1+ 2 x N° = 2N+2 =18 (since 6x3=18). Therefore, N= 8.

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2

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