Jillian Tiner

Professor Robinson

ENGL.1302

26 April 2020

Annotated Bibliography

Brooks, John R. “The Case for More Debt: Expanding College Affordability by Expanding

Income-Driven Repayment.” Utah Law Review, vol. 2018, no. 4, July 2018, pp. 847–

865. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130855080&site=ehost-live.

Income-driven repayment (or “IDR”) loan plans help lower-income Americans (or people

who have too high of a payment plan compared to their income) receive smaller monthly

payments on their debt. Plans like this really could help students achieve going to college

without worrying where the money is going to come from. There are so many different

forms of IDR plans that would allow people to choose what best fits for their life

situation, like Income-Contingent Repayment (“ICR”), Income-Based Repayment

(“IBR”), Pay As You Earn (“PAYE”), and Revised Pay As You Earn (“REPAYE”); only

if people knew about these plans and how they worked, we could have real statistics that

“...tell us whether IDR student debt is truly a worthwhile policy instrument to provide

affordable higher education” (Brooks 865).

included recent research, and how previous and new presidents view IDR plans. He

presents his information straight to the point and shows the previously set precedents on

the issue. When he presents new ideas on IDR plans he makes sure to go into detail,

which improves his audience’s chance to understand and develop thoughts on what is

being discussed. Brooks overall presented well thought out and well-researched

information to his audience; which makes his article reliable and trustworthy.

Brooks' article could be very beneficial for my final writing, by allowing me to show how

there are programs that exist that could benefit student loan debt. Using Brooks' source

could potentially help me come up with a better resolution for student debt, and be able to

exploit the drastic problem that already exists. He presents very detailed information on

the different kinds of IDR plans that exist, which in turn will allow me to provide my

readers with some of the best definitions and thoughts on these different types of

programs. His source has too valuable information on the different loan plans that could

benefit the student loan crisis; so using this source is in my best interest if I want to make

sure that my readers are informed on all aspects of my topic.

Loonin, Deanne, and Julie Margetta Morgan. “Federal Student Aid: Can We Solve a Problem

We Do Not Understand?” Utah Law Review, vol. 2018, no. 4, July 2018, pp. 897–917.

EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=a9h&AN=130855083&site=ehost-live.
Federal Student Aid programs had goals to improve access to higher education and make

college more affordable for low-income families, but failed drastically with how student

debt keeps increasing. Policymakers have seen the damage that the federal student loan

programs have caused, and now are trying to fix the failures without knowing the real

factors for why the system is failing. Maybe "the way the program is governed and

administered by the federal government..." is the key problem, but without sufficient

research we cannot resolve the problems with the system (Loonin and Morgan 899).

Loonin and Morgan’s peer-reviewed article is reliable in that they took their time to

provide their audience with the most suitable research they could gather; even though the

public research on student loans is limited. They cover all different sides and viewpoints

of this issue; like how students are positively and negatively affected by federal student

aid, and how the government is “helping”/reacting to the prominent issues that come to

light about student loans. Throughout their article they give their audience the

information like it is, and try not to add any bias or misinformation. Overall, this article is

convincing with their argument of how Federal Student Aid needs to change.

This source provides basic ideas of Federal Student Aid and the associated problems that

are still yet being diagnosed. Using this research will allow me to give my audience

proper information on why student loan programs are failing, and why they require

improvements. Loonin and Morgan go in-depth on all aspects of Federal Student Aid,

which increases my ability to provide my audience with the information needed for them

to be able to understand why these programs need to change, and help us come to a

concise decision on the best resolution for this problem.

Choice.” Education Economics, vol. 26, no. 4, Aug. 2018, pp. 393–410. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1080/09645292.2018.1430749.

We all have been told that getting a college degree will allow you to be financially better

off, and that if you don’t go to college making a living will be harder for you. In most

cases that’s the truth, but not for most middle class and lower-income families; to these

families Federal Student Aid seems like a gift, but it’s not when it comes with a lifelong

debt that seems to never decrease. Having student debt can impact a person's livelihood;

like trying to buy a home, obtaining a tenure plan, or just impact a person's savings. Even

with all these downsides to student loan debt, obtaining a college education still has its

benefits over a highschool diploma.

Miller and Nikaj’s article provides their audience with data that benefits their overall

purpose for their writing. The research they used helps convince their audience to agree

with the points made throughout the article on how student loan debt is very harmful for

some people. Using their key information in an emotional and informative way helps

their overall thoughts and ideas impact their audience’s feelings toward the topic by

showing the real damages of Federal Student Aid. Overall, you can say that their article is

very convincing, and uses proper research to support their main topic.
 Miller and Nikaj’s article and data is a key source for my campaign, because it will allow

me to provide my audience with a counter argument of how Federal Student Aid might

have some positive aspects for Americans, and if it is worth going through student debt to

have a better financial future. Using this source is beneficial for the use of making sure

my audience is getting all perspectives on this issue, and that they will have the

opportunity to make their conclusions on how this is affecting us as a community.

Overall, I feel like Miller’s article is a must use for my campaign project, and that it will

greatly improve my argument.

RIGGS, MIKE. “Student Loans Aren’t Working.” Reason, vol. 52, no. 1, May 2020, pp. 24–30.

EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=a9h&AN=142238390&site=ehost-live.

It all started with the Higher Education Act of 1965, when President Johnson decided that

the Americans that didn't have access to a higher education should be able to obtain one.

This paved a road, and for many young people they decided to travel on it (Riggs 26).

The idea itself was great, but with many Americans defaulting on Government Student

Loan Programs (GSLP), these programs were dying from the inside out. These federal

student loan programs are still having a major impact on today’s society, with having

both Sanders and Biden trying to find a solution for this student debt crisis.

Riggs provides his audience with the much-needed background information of how

GSLP started, and how these programs have affected Americans in the past to the
 present. You can tell he took the time to find research that provides his audience with the

best information possible. He uses information from the very beginning to show how

many people are impacted by Federal Student Aid, and how the percent of Americans

that use GSLP has increased drastically. Overall, you can tell Rigg’s research is very

reliable and convincing towards his audience.

Riggs uses well-researched facts and figures to convey his topic of Student Loan

Programs, which by having this reliable source can greatly benefit my writing. His

research shows how at the start of these newfound programs everything was working out

perfectly, but with time people noticed that they’re in much deeper debt than expected

and had no way of paying it off, even with a college education. Using this source will

allow my campaign to have much-needed background information on the issues itself,

while also providing information on how our future presidential candidates might try to

attack this economic issue.

Robb, Cliff A., et al. “The Role of Federal and Private Student Loans in Homeownership

Decisions.” Journal of Consumer Affairs, vol. 54, no. 1, Mar. 2020, pp. 43–69.

EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/joca.12248.

Student loan debt (Federal and Private) is one of the highest consumer debts, and it keeps

climbing. The difference between Federal and Private loans is that Federal loans are fixed

with low interest, while Private have fluctuating costs and higher interest rates. Even

though two loan programs exist for Federal Student Aid these student aid programs have
many impacts on a person, like heavy debt, but one of the worst impacts is that it affects a

person's homeownership. “Several studies have found evidence of a negative relationship

between student loan debt and homeownership” (Robb et al. 45).

The authors provide their audience with many different data charts and tables that show

the difference between all aspects of federal student aid, like loan sources, loan balances,

college type, tuition, and unemployment type. Since using all different types of sources

(including current literature), their article is very reliable with the best possible

information on student loans. Throughout this article, the authors provide straight facts

with no bias; which overall provides their audience with a greatly researched article that

is trustworthy.

This article is analyzing one of the major impacts of student loan debt, and will help my

campaign project focus on a real-life scenario that almost all people have to go through.

Using this will provide my campaign with a pathos appeal, which will hopefully persuade

my audience with how negatively student loans can affect someone. Not only does this

article provide a pathos appeal, but it also is full of very reliable research that can be used

in a logo's appeal towards my audience. Overall, using this article is in my best interest if

I want to be able to create an amazing campaign that my audience would support.