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Notes Pulse Echo Mode

The document describes a pulse-echo ultrasound system for non-destructive testing. An ultrasound transducer both sends and receives pulses that reflect off surfaces and imperfections in an object. The reflections are converted to electrical signals and displayed to show the intensity and location of reflections, revealing cracks or other discontinuities. The system consists of a frequency generator, transducers, amplifier and oscilloscope. A couplant is used to transmit the ultrasound waves between the transducer and test object. The pulse-echo technique has advantages like penetration depth, sensitivity, and accuracy for determining flaw locations and sizes.

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Pradeep Siddham
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809 views

Notes Pulse Echo Mode

The document describes a pulse-echo ultrasound system for non-destructive testing. An ultrasound transducer both sends and receives pulses that reflect off surfaces and imperfections in an object. The reflections are converted to electrical signals and displayed to show the intensity and location of reflections, revealing cracks or other discontinuities. The system consists of a frequency generator, transducers, amplifier and oscilloscope. A couplant is used to transmit the ultrasound waves between the transducer and test object. The pulse-echo technique has advantages like penetration depth, sensitivity, and accuracy for determining flaw locations and sizes.

Uploaded by

Pradeep Siddham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PULSE-ECHO SYSTEM THROUGH REFLECTION MODE

 In reflection (or pulse-echo) mode, the transducer performs both the sending and the receiving of
the pulsed waves as the "sound" is reflected back to the device. Reflected ultrasound comes from
an interface, such as the back wall of the object or from an imperfection within the object. The
diagnostic machine displays these results in the form of a signal with an amplitude representing
the intensity of the reflection and the distance, representing the arrival time of the reflection.
 A typical pulse-echo UT inspection system consists of several functional units, such as ultrasonic
frequency generator and a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO),transmitting transducer(A), receiving
transducer(B) and an amplifier.
 The transducer is typically separated from the test object by a couplant (such as oil) or by water
 Driven by the high frequency generator G, the transducer A generates high frequency ultrasonic
energy.
 An ultrasound transducer connected to a diagnostic machine is passed over the object being
inspected. The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the materials in the form of
waves.
 When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the energy will be
reflected back from the flaw surface.
 The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal by the transducer B and is
displayed on a screen.
 Knowing the velocity of the waves, travel time can be directly related to the distance that the
signal traveled. From the signal, information about the reflector location, size, orientation and
other features can sometimes be gained.
Advantages
1. High penetrating power, which allows the detection of flaws deep in the part.
2. High sensitivity, permitting the detection of extremely small flaws.
3. Only one surface needs to be accessible.
4. Greater accuracy than other nondestructive methods in determining the depth of internal flaws
and the thickness of parts with parallel surfaces.
5. Some capability of estimating the size, orientation, shape and nature of defects.
6. Non hazardous to operations or to nearby personnel and has no effect on equipment and
materials in the vicinity.
7. Capable of portable or highly automated operation.

Disadvantages
1. Manual operation requires careful attention by experienced technicians.
2. Extensive technical knowledge is required for the development of inspection procedures.
3. Parts those are rough, irregular in shape, very small or thin, or not homogeneous are difficult to
inspect.
4. Surface must be prepared by cleaning and removing loose scale, paint, etc., although paint that is
properly bonded to a surface need not be removed.
5. Couplants are needed to provide effective transfer of ultrasonic wave energy between transducers
and parts being inspected unless a non-contact technique is used. Non-contact techniques include
Laser and Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT).
6. Inspected items must be water resistant, when using water based couplants that do not contain
rust inhibitors.

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