Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2018, pp. 152~160

ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp152-160  152

Smart Home Security Access System Using Field

Programmable Gate Arrays

Shukur Bin Saleh, Sulaiman Bin Mazlan, Nik Iskandar Bin Hamzah,
Ahmad Zahid Zakwan Bin Abdul Karim, Mohd Shamian Bin Zainal, Shipun Anuar Bin Hamzah,
Danial Bin Md Nor, Hazwaj Bin Mhd Poad
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Nowadays, the rapid growth of burglary and theft cases over the world has
been threatening to the vulnerability of traditional home security systems.
Received Jan 13, 2018 Therefore the development home security with intelligent control wherein
Revised Mar 23, 2018 focus to enhance conventional technique to theadvanced digital security
Accepted Apr 6, 2018 systemand to be more interestinginhome or building owner for preventing
intruders in smart home implementation. However, using avariety of type
conventional lock doors for security purposes and analog intruder sensor
Keywords: with individual function system is not secure enoughin order to protect the
person or company properties. That why the emergence of new technology
A field programmable gate such as integrated circuit network will apply in Smart Home system for
array (FPGA) abetter security solution to prevent the houses from theintruder and
Intelligent control hazardous fire incident. Therefore, this project is done to design and build a
PIR motion sensor (HC-SR105) smart system with consist of digital security entry for automatic lock doors
Servo motor and also for activating or deactivate all security sensor in houses which is
Temperature sensor (LM35) function for detecting the irregular movement and hot temperature (fire
Vulnerability incident) in-house for the domestic residential sector. This product
includeswith doors automatic lock system using servo motor and detect
irregular movement intruder using PIR motion sensor (HC-SR501) and also
measure hot temperature using temperature sensor (LM35). The sensor will
transmit theanalog signal to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) the
Altera DE2-115 board to be processed and which will then display the status
entry after key-in password and activation security system on the LED seven
segment displays. The entry login controller will use apush button or
switchesavailable on FPGA board that are used to login password for
automatic door accessand also able maintained for control home smart
security system.
Copyright © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.

Corresponding Author:
Sulaiman Bin Mazlan,
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
A “smart home" technology is one realization of home automation ideals employs integrated digital
systems such as FPGAs technology. FPGA’s has vastly wider potential for many applications depend on
innovation and market demand especially to implement a fully functional or reliable of thesmart home
product [1]. Since smart home product such as security system become more popular because dramatically
increase of burglary and theft threats last few years and threatening of vulnerability of traditional security
system in future [2]. Therefore based on reviews of statistical cases found that a house without asecurity

Journal homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/ijeecs

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  153

system, often to be broken into compared to those equipped with security alarm [3]. Thereby vital fact of
cases obviously shows security system had proved could reduce the intrusion incident. Hence, it is become
compulsory to develop and enhance existing security system with smart technology that can protect people or
resident and their properties.
In this project, to make security access system more intelligent and effective, the emergence of
digital integrated circuit technologies are implementing for setting security entry system. There are 3
different subsystems that are combined together to form a smart system which known as smart home security
access system. It will work with acombination of few input and output components such as servo motor,
Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, temperature sensor, led seven segments display, buzzer, push buttons
and switches [4]. This project is being implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Altera
DE2-115 board and programmed using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL).
The first subsystem is the setting of security access system. This security access system consists of
two major parts. There are code entry and memory entry logic. The code entry logic is acombinational logic
network which will process all logic function and the memory entry logic while keeping the present security
codes define by user. The correct login security access will activate the servo motor gear for unlocking
thedoor and deactivate the other additional secure sensor in the house.
Secondly, thesubsystem is the LED seven segment display system. The LED is used to display the
status login access through keypad press of user and statuses activate or deactivation functional sensors and
alarm during project running.
The third subsystem is the motion detection and temperature sensing setting. The motion setting is
used to set the distance radius for intruder detection desired areas in house by PIR motion sensor [5].
Meanwhile for the temperature setting is used to set the range of desired temperature either normal or high
temperature (very hot) condition for hazardous fire detection. Therefore theoperation of both device depends
on thesetting,or parameter calibration such as user could insert detection range of distance motion start
between 1 to 3 meters and also setting hot temperature start when room temperature over 50 degrees Celsius.
The main project system is consisting acombination of the digital security access and another
security devices system on detecting any irregular motion, and high temperature incident occurred in the
smart home security system. When the login security access correct or the motion and temperature sensor
was trigger, it will send thesignal to the Altera DE2-115 board, the program will process the signal and
decide the suitable output that will be turned on. In further action when unsecure or emergency condition
occurred, then alarm device will activate such as buzzer will functioning when either one or both of sensors
are detecting any intrusion,or fire incident occurs in the house. This project is a result of a subject MEE
10203 – Programmable Electronics. The aim of this project experience is to expose and gain
anunderstandingof the Verilog programming application using of Quartus II software.

1.1. Project Objective

There are three objectives of this project as below:
i. To design of smart home security access using Verilog (HDL program) to protect thehouse from intruders
and hazardous fire incident.
ii. To ensure the design of combination digital automatic door lock with additional sensors security system
can help user easy to control and keep better security level in the house.
iii. To activate alarm/buzzer for intrusion and hazardous fire incident in the house by using Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Altera DE2-115 board.

1.2. Project Scope

Our project system was designed to control the door, fire alarm using atemperature sensor and to
detect the irregular motion intruder through PIR motion sensor in the houses.

2. OVERVIEW OF PROJECT SYSTEM DESIGN

Programmable Logical Device (PLD) has evolved since its creation in 1984, where at the start of
hundreds of logic to ten million logic gates. Latest FPGA technology is one of the major programming tools
used in various applications, and the latest FPGAs market has reached nearly $3 billion worldwide. Even
FPGA technology today not only has the ocean of millions of logic gates but it also includes a built-in
hardwired processor, memory, multiplier-accumulator, standard cell, clock management system, and other
features external digital module or gadget for industrial application. In other words, the advantages of FPGA
can be configured as a system on the chip (SoC) [6].
Therefore, as the results of these advantages, the project was selected to apply FPGA technology for
educational exposure forstudents in Programmable Electronics subject to enhances skill Verilog HDL

Smart Home Security Access System Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Shukur Bin Saleh)
154  ISSN: 2502-4752

programming. The development of smart home security access was done mainly using Verilog (Hardware
Description Language). The methodology is the overall process of developing information systems through a
multistep process that includes design, analysis, implementation, testing and getting the result. Therefore, the
project works are divided into three stages which are design specification, implementation and design testing
and verification. This sectiongenerally describes the design methodology of this project. All of the design
stages are briefly discussed in the following sections. The purpose of doing methodology is to ensure that the
project is in the scope and achieve the objective.

2.1. Design Specification

For this stage, the review of the previous works is needed to determine the design specifications.
Thus, the design specifications should able to solve the problem stated in the problem statement and achieve
the objective of this project. Therefore, the design specifications for this project are listed as shown below:
(i) Push button and switches as the input interface for the user to give the input. (i.e: keypad)
(ii) Led seven segmentsdisplay as the output interface to display the command status security access and
activation status of operation sensors.
(iii) Passive infrared motion sensor (HC-SR501) and temperature sensor (LM35) as the input interface with
DE2-115 FPGA board.
(iv) Servo motor and buzzer/siren also as output for doors automatic locking and alarm system interface
with DE2-115 FPGA board.
The summarized general methodology and flowchart of the project development is illustrated in the
Figure 1 and 2.

Figure 1. General of the Project Methodology

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2018 : 152 – 160
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  155

Figure 2. Flowchart Project Development

The block diagram project design also illustrated together in Figure 3. From the block diagram, the
push button and switches act input interface (i.e.: keypad) for key-in access security by pressing secret code
for open the doors through servo motor. In addition, it also functions forarming or disarming sensors such as
PIR motion and temperature sensors. Meanwhile, the led seven segment display will highlight thepresent
status of execution task of login access security through push-button/switches interface and output sensor. In
this project, the detection system consists of two inputs which arethe temperature sensor and PIR motion
sensor. The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature in a room, and the PIR motion sensor is
used to detect any irregular motion which illustrates the connection of FPGA board with input and output
hardware. The Altera DE-2 board is being used to interface between input and output components. The
FPGA compute and process the signals from the input and sent it to output. The temperature sensor (LM35)
senses the range of current temperature in the form of analog signal and sends it to Arduino to convert the
analog signal to digital signal before sent to the FPGA [7].

Figure 3. Block Diagram of Smart Home Security Access System

Smart Home Security Access System Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Shukur Bin Saleh)
156  ISSN: 2502-4752

When the room temperature suddenly achieves more than hot temperature limit (over 50 degrees
Celsius) the as per design system. Meanwhile, PIR motion sensor is used to detect the irregular movement or
motion in specific range distance in selected space area in house depend on user requirement. When the
motion sensor suddenly senses or detect irregular movement ina house in time delay 10 seconds in range
distance 1 to 3 meters from thedetection area,both sensors will send output to the main security system; then
it will trigger ‘ON’ the alarm system. In this project, we have used buzzer as ademo of analarm device for
alerting theuser if any fire incident occurs in the house.

2.2. Hardware Design

2.2.1. Interfacing of Arduino UNO with Temperature Sensor (LM35)
Thefirst input sensor for Smart Home Security Access system, as shown in Figure 4, thetemperature
sensor is used to detect unwanted fire incident in house. This temperature sensor produces analog input.
Therefore, in order to convert analog to digital for thetemperature sensor, Arduino microcontroller has been
used. Then program Arduino code to set up the heat sensor form range of the temperature is between 20
degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. The Arduino microcontroller codingwillproduce output ‘1’ if the
temperature sensor detects the temperature more than 50 degree Celsius. For the simulation part yellow LED
is used to represent the digital signal ‘1’. If the output ‘1’, the yellow LED will light up as shown in Figure 5.
The switch is used to manipulate the desired temperature by the user [8].

Figure 4. Temperature Sensor (LM35)

Figure 5. Schematic Diagram for Input Temperature Sensor Using Arduino UNO Microcontroller

From Figure 5 above, theservo motoris used as the output system for the Arduino microcontroller.
This servo motor functioned as the door lock mechanism for this project which is the smart home security
system. The input from FPGA board is connected to input pin 9 of the Arduino microcontroller to trigger the
movement of the servo motor for opening door application.In addition, the Arduino microcontroller is used
for deciding the direction of the servo motor whether 180o clockwise or anti-clockwise. For the simulation in
Proteus software as shown above, the button is representing the digital signal from the FPGA board [9].
When FPGA board send the digital signal to Arduino, the movement direction of theservo motor is 180o
clockwise and vice versa.

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2018 : 152 – 160
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  157

2.2.2. Interfacing of PIR Motion Sensor (HC-SR501)

The second input sensor for Smart Home Security Accesssystem is PIR sensor is used to detect
irregular movement. This PIR sensor produces digital output and direct connect into GPIO connection of
FPGA board. In order toachieve the detection aim of theproject, the setting of sensor sensitivity needs to
adjust for range distance 3 meters and time delay within 10 seconds for aproject requirement. Figure 6 shows
the PIR motion sensor and switch is used to manipulate the desired output by the user.

Figure 6. Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Sensor

2.2.3. Interfacing of Servo Motor, Buzzer, Push Button, Switches and LED Seven Segment Display
In this stage, the push button or switches available on FPGA board become input chums as keypad
for key-in access security bypressing push-button for open the doors through servo motorwhile buzzer act as
fire/intruder alarmas output devices. The LED seven segment will display thedesired status of
activation/deactivation related sensor involved in the project. Figure 7 shows the servo motor and push-
button/switchesare used to manipulate the desired input and output into FPGA board by the user.

Figure 7. Servo Motor, Buzzer, Led 7 Segment Display and Push-button/Switches of FPGA board

2.3. Software Design

2.3.1. Verilog HDL
Recently for the electronic application especially in thesemiconductor industry, Verilog is a
descriptive hardware language commonly used for design, verification, and implementation of digital logic
chips. It is also used in the verification of analog and mixed-signal circuit which contains ahierarchy of
modules [10] which are work as acomplete system. In our project, the main program design consistsof
several subprogramsin complete the overall design project.

2.3.2. Simulation RTL

RTL Viewer: Based on simulation RTL of theproject in Figure 8 shows that the complete block
logic circuit is working as per design. There are several inputs such as aclock, password bits,
arming/disarming switch, state sensor and reset in standby mode. Meanwhile for the output project referred
Smart Home Security Access System Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Shukur Bin Saleh)
158  ISSN: 2502-4752

to execution inputs and state process of thelogic circuit before transfer output to external devices (buzzer,
servo motor, and seven segment display). Therefore, overall operation and function of theproject areontrack
as per design.

Figure 8. RTL Logic Circuit

3. RESULT
Theoverall result simulation of project design will demonstrate in this section for find out the
simulation RTL similar to thedesired physical outcome at FPGA board. The operation of design project will
be investigatedto justify the right output of project toachieves the main objective of adevelopment project as
below.
Referring to waveform simulation as shown in Figure 9, the logic state starts with theinput of bit ‘0’
and ‘1’ from push button withsecret setup password (‘01011’) in 3-bit state condition. When the correct
password is entering to FPGA, the servo motor will activate to open the door. At the same time all sensors
are in disarming condition and to arming back the sensor devices, need to press ‘ARM’ switch (SW0) for
thetrigger in ‘HIGH (1)’ condition. Therefore, any sensor; PIR motion detect any irregular movement or
temperature sensor measure hot temperature (>50 degree Celsius), thealarm system will activate (buzzer
=ON). Conversely, if the ‘DISARM’ switch (SW1) is press by theuser, all sensor is deactivated condition and
overallsystem back to initial condition which is the door locking still working as usual when theuserenters the
password for close the door. The operational of home sensors can control by the user independently after user
get access from door security lock system. The design system provides user opportunity to decide whether to
‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ sensor function during themin house or leaving the building for outstation. In this project, the
selection of operational of smart home security system depends on user requirement. The important is user
feel safe with the full protection of asecurity system; then easy to control and maintain in future.

Figure 9. Waveform Simulation of Smart Home Security Access System

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2018 : 152 – 160
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  159

3.1. Implemented Servo Motor for Automatic Door Locking Operation

The LED display result ofduring simulation on project subprogram of smart home security access
system in thelaboratory. Status ‘OFF’ shows all sensors in disarming mode before ‘ARM’ switch not been
press or in areset condition while status ‘ON’ highlight the all sensor smart security had been press to activate
the sensor system as shown in Figure 10, 11 and 12.

Figure 10. Overall view of Altera DE2-115 board with‘d-oFFand ‘OPEn’ state condition Using Servo Motor
as OutputDoor Controller

No. Sign Display Description Operation

1. doFF Door in close condition
2. OPEn Door in open condition

3.2. Implemented LED Seven Segment Display of Status Operational (arm/disarming) Sensor

Figure 11. Overall view of Altera DE2-115 board with ‘OFF’and ‘On’ state condition Using PIR Motion and
Temperature Sensor Detection

No. Sign Display Description Operation

1. OFF All sensors in deactivate condition.
2. On All sensors in anactive condition.

Smart Home Security Access System Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Shukur Bin Saleh)
160  ISSN: 2502-4752

3.3. Implemented Complete Hardware of Smart HomeSecurity Access System

Figure 12. Hardware Simulation of Mart Home SecurityAccess System Project Based on DE2-115 Board

4. CONCLUSION
In this project, the development of a smart home security system based on FPGA technology is work
well in progress. The system is designed and implemented on DE2-115 FPGA board and it also suitable for
real-time home security monitoring. Therefore, enhances home safety can preventfromunexpected
incidentssuch as fire damage or property loss done by intruders. Instead of applyingdigital lock control; the
systems also integrate withadditional fire and intruder sensor to create the home security system verysmart,
secure reliable and robust than conventional systems. The system can be implemented in any commercial,
residential and industrial buildings. Since the FPGA technologies very robust withextending large capacity,
the features of thesystem can be upgradedfor remote control using Wi-Fi, GSM or IoT application for further
project development in future.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors would like to thank the Office of Research, Innovation, Commercialization and
Consultancy (ORICC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the funding of this paper
publication under TIER 1 Fasa 1/2017 Research Grant (Vot. No. U854).

REFERENCES
[1] K. Saroch and A. Sharma, “FPGA Based System Login Security Lock Design Using Finite State Machine,”
Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol/issue: 5(3), pp. 70-75, 2013.
[2] S. Morsalin, et al., “Machine-to-machine Communication Based Smart Home Security System,” International
Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Communication Technology. Dhaka, 2016.
[3] M. Schiefer, “Smart Home Definition and Security Threats,” International Conference on IT Security Incident
Management & IT Forensics. Magdeburg, 2015.
[4] S. A. Sudiro, et al., “Automatic controller component development using FPGA device,” International Conference
on Informatics and Computing. Mataram, pp. 122-127, 2016.
[5] R. Kannan and T. R. S. Kumar, “Efficient method for controlling electric power by automated monitoring system
using FPGA,” Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies.
Tiruchengode, pp. 1-4, 2013.
[6] O. N. Electron and S. Micheal, “Report of Department of Defense Advisory Group on Electronic Devices,” Special
Technology Area Review on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Washington, 2005.
[7] S. A. Anil and R. K. Megalingam, “A comparative analysis of a navigation platform designed in Arduino and
FPGA,” International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing. Melmaruvathur, pp. 1306-1310,
2016.
[8] S. Pandit and V. N. Shet, “Review of FPGA based control for switch mode converters,” Second International
Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies. Tamil Nadu, pp. 1-5, 2017.
[9] R. Szabó and A. Gontean, “Pong game on FPGA with CRT or LCD display and push button controls,” Federated
Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. Warsaw, pp. 729-734, 2014.
[10] S. Palnitkar, “Verilog HDL (2nded.),” Pearson Education. Verilog. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2008.
Retrieved March 23, 2012.

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1, July 2018 : 152 – 160