Module Handbook

Ideologies that Shaped the World

Credit Value: 20

Module Leader: Prof. Raphael Cohen-Almagor

Pre-requisites: None
Co-requisites: None
Post-requisites: None
Anti-requisites: None

Total Contact: 10 x 1 hour weekly lectures

10 x 1 hour weekly tutorials

Assessment: 1 x 2000 essay (40%)

1 x 2 hour exam (40%)
Class Presentation (20%)

Staff contact: (Tel) 01482 465024

(Email) [email protected]
(Web) http://ebridge.hull.ac.uk/
 CONTENTS

1. GENERAL OUTLINE AND AIMS OF THE MODULE

This module examines four of the principal modern political doctrines in some depth:
liberalism, utilitarianism, socialism and Fascism as well as the concepts of justice and
multiculturalism. Particular attention will be paid to the philosophical foundations of the
doctrines, especially their different visions of the human condition, theories of human nature,
their conception of society, their view of the state, and their assessment of the part to be
played by politics in achieving the human good.

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the module students should:

• be able to think critically about the values underlying liberal democracy, having
become familiar with some of the most influential critiques of liberal democracy;

• be versed in the leading strands of liberal, socialist and fascist thought;

• understand the broader cultural and political traditions from which liberal
democracies have emerged.

3. METHOD OF TEACHING

Teaching will be by way of weekly lectures and tutorials. Lectures will be given by
Professor Raphael Cohen-Almagor.

Attendance at ALL CLASSES (i.e. tutorials/seminars AND lectures) is

compulsory and will be monitored accordingly. Failure to attend compulsory classes is a
disciplinary offence. Students are also required to attend punctually. Students who
arrive ten or more minutes after the scheduled start of a class will be marked as absent,
though they will be permitted to remain in the class and to participate.

Students should be aware that, under Paragraph 4(a) of the University’s

Programmes Regulations - Honours Degrees, a student who has not met the specified
module requirements relating to attendance may be denied the right of re-assessment in that
module. Persistent non-attendance may, in accordance with Paragraph 27(a), result in
exclusion from assessment and/or termination of a student’s programme of study.

4. MODULE ASSESSMENT

4.1 Essay plans and draft essays

In order to ensure equity, students may submit an essay plan, consisting of headings
and sub-headings, of no more than one side of A4 paper. Alternatively students may
discuss with tutors the broad plan of their essay. Tutors will not comment on draft
essays. Please note that the purpose of submitting an essay plan or discussing an essay is
to gain advice on essay content. Students concerned about essay preparation and writing
skills (e.g. footnoting, bibliography, use of English etc.) should refer back to the

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 Department’s study skills programme and/or seek advice from the University’s Study Advice
Service. (For further details see http://www.studyadvice.hull.ac.uk/)

4.2 Essay Submission

All assessed coursework must be submitted using ‘turnitinUK’, an anti-plagiarism
software package. This software compares essays against a number of sources and
produces a report indicating the extent to which the essay matches these sources. Markers
are then required to consider the matches indicated to ensure that, where the work of others
has been used, it has been appropriately referenced.

4.3 Essay Format

Essays must be word-processed. Essays will be retained to allow for double marking
and (where necessary) external verification. Students wishing to have a copy of their essay
returned should submit work in duplicate.
Essays must be correctly referenced. Students are advised to use the system of
annotation laid out in the Departmental Student Handbook. Quotations MUST be indicated
either by the use of quotation marks or by indentation of the quoted text; use of a footnote is
not, on its own, sufficient. Please also note that references are required not only when using
a direct quotation. They must also be included when summarising, paraphrasing or
interpreting arguments put forward by another scholar. Annotating essays is an integral part
of essay writing and is, therefore, one of the many elements taken into account in marking
work. Accordingly, essays which are not correctly referenced will be penalised. Failure to
correctly reference may also give rise to an allegation of plagiarism (see Section 4.5 below).

A full bibliography, arranged alphabetically by author surname, should also be

attached to the end of essays. The bibliography must contain all sources referred to,
including sources of general use but not specifically cited in the footnotes.

5. ESSAY TITLES

Choose one of the following titles:

(1) What is the best political agenda for contemporary liberal democracies that can be
constructed from liberal and socialist thought?

(2) Assess the multicultural critique of liberalism?

(3) Who was the most liberal, Bentham or Mill?

(4) Does Rawls offer a viable agenda for public policy today?

6. LECTURES

1. A general introduction to liberal thought

2. Liberalism – John Locke
3. Utilitarianism – Bentham and John Stuart Mill
4. Justice - John Rawls
5. Justice and Social Policy

READING WEEK

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6. Multiculturalism
7. Socialism – Karl Marx
8. Lenin
9. Fascism
10. Conclusion

7. READING LIST

GENERAL TEXTBOOKS, recommended for purchase (if in print; use the library copies, if
not). Don’t buy them all - go for the ones you find useful, after looking at them in the library.

The top recommendations for purchase are:

Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies (Houndmills: Red Globe Press, 2017).

Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009).

Terence Ball and Richard Bellamy (eds.), The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century
Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009).

Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 2004).

John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (newest edition).

Other useful textbooks are:

Eric Bronner (ed.), Twentieth Century Political Theory (useful extracts from texts)

R Eatwell and A Wright (eds.), Contemporary Political Ideologies (London: Pinter, 1999)

M. Festenstein and M. Kenny, Political Ideologies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005)

M Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A conceptual approach (Oxford: Clarendon,

1996) (very useful for this module, but not an easy book)

David Miller (ed.), The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought (Oxford: Blackwell,
1987).

M. Mazower, Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century (NY: Vintage: 2000). This is an
excellent overview of twentieth century European history which will provide useful
background for many other modules, as well as this one.

Katherine Smits, Applying Political Theory (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2009).

Andrew Vincent, Modern Political Ideologies, second edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995).

General Reading for particular ideologies:

On Liberalism:
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A Arblaster, The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1984)

J Gray, Liberalism, second edition (Buckingham: Open UP, 1995)

R Eccleshall, British Liberalism (London: Longman, 1986) - a useful collection

M Sandel, Liberalism and its Critics (New York: New York UP, 1984)

Older general works which may be referred to are:

E Kohn-Bramstedt and K J Melhuish, Western Liberalism: A History in Documents from
Locke to Croce (London: Longman, 1978)

H Laski, The Rise of European Liberalism (London: Allen & Unwin, 1947)

G de Ruggerio, The History of European Liberalism, trans. by R G Collingwood (Gloucester,

MA: Peter Smith, 1981)

A Bullock and M Shock, eds., The Liberal Tradition from Fox to Keynes (London: Black,
1956)

On Socialism:
Peter Self, “Socialism”, in R E Goodin and P Pettit, eds., A Companion to Contemporary
Political Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 333-355

A Wright, Socialisms, first edition (Oxford: OUP, 1986), second edition (London: Routledge,
1996). This is the best introduction to socialism for this course.
ISBN 0192851993

C Boggs, The Socialist Tradition from Crisis to Decline (London: Routledge, 1995)

R N Berki, Socialism (London: Dent, 1975)

J Dunn, The Politics of Socialism (Cambridge: CUP, 1984)

A Callinicos, The Revenge of History (Cambridge: Polity, 1991)

G Kitching, Rethinking Socialism (London: Methuen, 1983)

A Halsey and N Dennis, English Ethical Socialism: Thomas More to R H Tawney (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1988)

B C Parekh (ed.), The Concept of Socialism (London: Croom Helm, 1975)

Other general works which may be referred to are:

D Miller, Market, State and Community (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989)

D Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism (London: Tauris, 1996)

N Bobbio, Which Socialism? (Cambridge: Polity, 1987)

A Gamble & T Wright, eds., The New Social Democracy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999)

G Lichtheim, A Short History of Socialism (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970)

R Miliband, Socialism for a Sceptical Age (Cambridge: Polity, 1994)

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Books and articles noted with * infra are most useful.

Lecture and Tutorial Topics

Lecture 1: Introduction

What is political thought?

Why should people obey the laws of the State?
The difference between political theory and religion
The difference between philosophy and ideology
The relevance of political theory
What is politics?
What is ethics?
Kant
Contractual theories
The difference between politics and ethics
Between ethics and law

Tutorial 1: Introduction

Explanation about the module, how it runs, expectations and duties.

Robert Leach, The Politics Companion (Houndmills: Routledge, 2008), pp. 29-52.

Lecture 2: Liberalism

History of liberalism
Foundations of liberalism
What is liberal democracy?
Critique of the Liberal Tradition.

John Locke, “Second Treatise on Government”, in his Two Treatises of Government, edited
P Laslett (Cambridge: CUP, 1967), chapters 1 & 2.

Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009), chap. 3.

Tutorial 2: Liberalism

The importance of autonomy and of choice

Two variants of compromise
Designated and internalized coercion.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, "On Compromise and Coercion", Ratio Juris, Vol. 19, No. 4
(December 2006), pp. 434-455.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, The Boundaries of Liberty and Tolerance (Gainesville, FL:

University Press of Florida, 1994), chap. 1.
ISBN: 0813012589

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Further Reading:

* John Locke, “Second Treatise on Government”, in his Two Treatises of Government,

edited by P Laslett (Cambridge: CUP, 1967), chapters VII, IX and XI

Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007), pp. 23-64.

R Ashcraft (ed.), John Locke: Critical Assessments, 4 vols. (London: Routledge, 1991)

R Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics and Locke’s Two Treatises of Government (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton UP, 1986)

E. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France DC 148 B9

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap. 8.

M. Festenstein and M. Kenny, Political Ideologies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
chap. 1.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (any edition).

Immanuel Kant, “On A Supposed Right to Lie from Benevolent Motives”, in The Critique of
Practical Reason and Other Writings in Moral Philosophy, pp 346-50. Edited and Translated
by Lewis White Beck (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949).

Kant, Doctrine of Virtue, part 2 of The Metaphysic Morals, trans. Mary Gregor (New York:
Harper & Row, 1964).

* John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Oxford UP., 1971), pp. 216-221.

M. Freeden Ideologies and Political Theory JA 83 F8

R. Eatwell and Wright (eds.) Contemporary Political Ideologies JA 71 C7

“Universal Declaration of Human Rights” [G.A. res. 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71 (1948)];
reprinted in many books and websites, for example: http://www.udhr.org/UDHR/default.htm

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Exploring the Boundaries of Freedom”, Ethical Space, Vol. 3, No.
1 (2006), pp. 12-14.

S Chen, “Locke’s Political Arguments for Toleration”, History of Political Thought, vol. XIX,
no. 2 (Summer 1998), 167-185

Lee Ward, “Locke on Toleration and Inclusion”, Ratio Juris Vol. 21, No. 4 (2008), pp. 518-
540.

Julian H Franklin, John Locke and the Theory of Sovereignty (Cambridge: CUP 1978)

D A Lloyd, Locke on Government (London: Routledge, 1995)

David Lyons, "Liberty and Harm to Others", in Robert M. Stewart (ed.) Readings in Social
and Political Philosophy (Oxford UP., 1986), pp. 156-167.

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Joseph Raz, "Autonomy, Toleration, and the Harm Principle", in Susan Mendus (ed.),
Justifying Toleration (Cambridge UP., 1988), pp. 155-175.

* Joel Feinberg, Harm to Others (Oxford UP., 1984), chaps. 2, 3.

* Joel Feinberg, Offense to Other (Oxford UP., 1985).

ISBN 0-19-503449-x

Wayne Sumner, "Should Hate Speech be Free Speech? John Stuart Mill and the Limits of
Tolerance", in R. Cohen-Almagor (ed.), Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Tolerance (Ann
Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000).

H L A Hart, “Are there any natural rights”, Philosophical Review, vol. LXIV, no. 2 (April,
1955), 175-191; reprinted in A Quinton (ed.), Political Philosophy (London: OUP, 1967), pp.
53-66; & in J Waldron (ed.), Theories of Rights (Oxford: OUP, 1984), pp. 77-90.

* Isaiah Berlin, “Two Concepts of Liberty”, in his Four Essays on Liberty (London: OUP,
1969)

Ian Hampsher-Monk, History of Modern Political Thought (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), chapter
II (Locke) and chapter VII (Mill)

* Ronald Dworkin, “Liberalism”, in Dworkin, A Matter of Principle (Cambridge, Mass.:

Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 181-204.

* C.B. Macpherson, The Real World of Democracy (NY: Oxford University Press. 1972).

D Miller (ed.), Liberty (Oxford: OUP, 1991)

ISBN 0198780427

M. Sandel, Liberalism and its Critics (New York: New York UP, 1984)

Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A conceptual approach (Oxford:

Clarendon, 1996)

Lecture 3: Utilitarianism – Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill

Foundations of Utilitarianism
View of nature, man, and laws.

Jeremy Bentham The End of Legislation, in E.K. Bramsted and K.J. Melhuish (eds.),
Western Liberalism (London and New York: Longman, 1978), p. 294

Jeremy Bentham The Principle of Utility, in in E.K. Bramsted and K.J. Melhuish (eds.),
Western Liberalism, pp. 294-296.

J S Mill, On Liberty, chapters 1 and 5

ISBN 0192833847

Tutorial 3: Utilitarianism – Jeremy Bentham and J. S. Mill

What are the duties of the citizen according to Bentham?

What are the underlying values of the Millian theory? What are the ends to be fulfilled?
Truth and its limits.

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Jeremy Bentham The Duties of a Citizen, in E.K. Bramsted and K.J. Melhuish (eds.),
Western Liberalism, pp. 296-298

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Ends and Means in J.S. Mill’s Utilitarian Theory”, The Anglo-
American Law Review, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1997), pp. 141-174.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Between Autonomy and State Regulation: J.S. Mill’s Elastic
Paternalism”, Philosophy, Vol. 87 / Issue 04 (October 2012): 557-582.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “JS Mill’s Boundaries of Freedom of Expression: A Critique”,

Philosophy, Vol. 92, No. 362 (October 2017): 565-596.

Further Reading:

* Jeremy Bentham Fragment on Government, chapter I -B 1574 B3 A1 & JC 223 B47 F8

Jeremy Bentham The Leading Principles of a Constitutional Code, in E.K. Bramsted and
K.J. Melhuish (eds.), Western Liberalism, pp. 298-301

* James Mill Good Government, in E.K. Bramsted and K.J. Melhuish (eds.),
Western Liberalism, pp. 301-303.

* J. S. McClelland A History of Western Political Thought (London: Routledge, 2006;

early ed ition 1996), pp. 450-467.

J.S. Mill “Bentham,” in Dissertations and Discussions (New York: Haskell

House Publishers, 1973), Vol. I, pp. 330-392. AC10M6

* John Stuart Mill Utilitarianism, chapter 5

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Why Tolerate? Reflections on the Millian Truth Principle”,

Philosophia, Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4 (1997), pp. 131-152.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “John Stuart Mill”, in Clifford G. Christians and John C. Merrill
(eds.) Ethical Communication: Five Moral Stances in Human Dialogue (Columbia, MO.:
University of Missouri Press, 2009): 25-32.

P.J. Kelly Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the civil
law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990).

H.L.A. Hart Essays on Bentham: studies in jurisprudence and political theory

(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982).

John Dinwiddy Bentham (Oxford: OUP, 1989).

Ross Harrison Bentham (London; Boston: Routledge, 1999)

* J Skorupski, John Stuart Mill (London: Routledge, 1989)

J B Schneewind (ed.), Mill: A collection of critical essays (London: MacMillan, 1969)

J Gray, Mill on Liberty: A defence (London: Routledge, 1989)

* C L Ten, Mill on Liberty (Oxford: Clarendon, 1980)

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Lecture 4: Justice

Different concepts of justice.

Modern contract theory

John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, chaps. 1, 2 (latest edition)

ISBN 0674000773

Adam Swift, Political Philosophy (Cambridge: Polity, 2006), pp. 21-29.

ISBN 9780745635323

Tutorial 4: Justice

The two principles of justice

Tolerance of the intolerant

John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, chaps. 3, 4.

ISBN 0674000773

Further Reading

Tom Campbell, Justice (NY: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2010), chap. 5.

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap. 4.

READING WEEK

Lecture 5: Justice and Social Policy

The implications of Rawlsian theory to our life.

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap 21.

Further Reading

David Boucher and Paul Kelly (eds.), Social Justice (London and NY: Routledge, 1998),
chapter 14, 15. ISBN 0-415-14997-5.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, The Right to Die with Dignity: An Argument in Ethics, Medicine,
and Law (Piscataway, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 2001): 207-232.

Tutorial 5: Justice and Social Policy

Critique of the Rawlsian theory.

Should we tolerate the intolerant?
Is affirmative action fair?

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Module Handbook (30XXX)
Raphael Cohen-Almagor, "The Scope of Tolerance and Its Moral Reasoning", in Antonio
Punzi (ed.), Omagio A Rawls (Milano: Giuffrè, 2004), pp. 129-147.

Katherine Smits, Applying Political Theory (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2009), chap. 4.

ISBN: 9780230555082

Further Reading

* John Rawls, Justice as Fairness: a restatement (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University

Press, 2001).

* John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999).

* John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005).

* Richard J. Arneson, “Justice After Rawls”, in John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig and Anne
Phillips (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory (NY: Oxford University Press,
2006), pp. 45-64.

Gillian Brock, “Global Justice”, in Catriona McKinnon (ed.), Issues in Political Theory
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 289-312.

Kimberly Hutchings, “Global justice”, in Colin Hay (ed.), New Directions in Political Science
(Houndmills: Palgrave, 2010), pp. 231-249.

Lecture 6: Liberal Multiculturalism

To what extent can a liberal state intervene in the matters of illiberal subcultures?

Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 2004), chap. 8.

Will Kymlicka and Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Ethnocultural Minorities in Liberal

Democracies”, in Maria Baghramian and Attracta Ingram (eds.), Pluralism: the philosophy
and politics of diversity (London: Routledge, 2000), pp. 228-250.
ISBN 0415227143

Tutorial 6: Liberal Multiculturalism

How much cultural diversity can liberal multiculturalism accommodate?

Individual rights v. group rights.
What do you think of the headscarf controversy? Which stand is most appealing?

Katherine Smits, Applying Political Theory (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2009), chap. 3.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor and Marco Zambotti, “Liberalism, Tolerance and Multiculturalism:

The Bounds of Liberal Intervention in Affairs of Minority Cultures”, in Krzysztof
Wojciechowski and Jan C. Joerden (eds.), Ethical Liberalism in Contemporary Societies
(Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009), pp. 79-98.

Further reading:

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Bhikhu Parekh, Rethinking Multiculturalism (London, Macmillan, 2000), chapters 4, 5, 7, 9,11

* Will Kymlicka, Liberalism, Community and Culture (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989), chapters 8 &
9

* Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Clarendon, 1995), chapter 5

ISBN 0198279493

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “The Limits of Cultural Pluralism: An Israeli Perspective”, Indian

Socio-Legal Journal, Vol. XXV, Nos. 1-2 (1999), pp. 109-128.

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Liberalism, and the Limits of Pluralism”, Terrorism and Political
Violence, Vol. 7, No. 2 (1995), pp. 25-48.

Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007), pp. 310-332.

Jeff Spinner-Halev, “Multiculturalism and Its Critics”, in John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig and
Anne Phillips (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory (NY: Oxford University Press,
2006), pp. 546-563.

* Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon, 1986), chapters 14 & 15

* Bhikhu Parekh, “The Cultural Particularity of Liberal Democracy”, Political Studies, special
issue 1992; reprinted in David Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East,
West (Cambridge: Polity, 1993), pp. 156-175

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap 15.

Jeremy Waldron, “Cultural Identity and Civic Responsibility”, in W Kymlicka and W Norman
(ed.), Citizenship in Diverse Societies (Oxford: OUP, 2000), pp. 155-174

Monica Mookherjee, “Multiculturalism”, in Catriona McKinnon (ed.), Issues in Political Theory

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 218-240.

Tariq Modood, “Civic Multiculturalism and National Identity”, in Colin Hay (ed.), New
Directions in Political Science (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2010), pp. 109-129.

Lecture 7: Socialism

The importance of class

Why and where revolution?
The importance of the Manifesto

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (any edition).

Tutorial 7: Socialism

Origins of socialism.
Core ideas.
Different strands of socialism.
What roles does the revolution play in the life of the nation and its citizens?

Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007), pp. 99-142.

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Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009), chap. 5.

Further reading:

John S. Dryzek and Patrick Dunleavy, Theories of the Democratic State (Houndmills:
Palgrave, 2009), pp. 79-99.

Leon P. Baradat, Political Ideologies (NJ.: Pearson, 2009), chap. 8.

Dick Geary, “The Second International: Socialism and Social Democracy”, in Terence Ball
and Richard Bellamy (eds.), The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 219-238.
ISBN 0521691621

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap. 10.

Henri comte de Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, edited by G Ionescu

(London: OUP, 1976)

Diarmuid Maguire, “Marxism”, in David Marsh and Gerry Stoker (eds.), Theory and Methods
in Political Science (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2010), pp. 136-177.

William Morris, News from Nowhere, and selected writings and designs, edited by A Briggs
(London: Penguin, 1986)

Timothy Kenyon, “Utopia in Reality: ‘Ideal’ Societies in Social and Political Theory”, History
of Political Thought, vol. III, no. 1, Spring 1982, 123-155

Georg G Iggers, The Cult of Authority (Hague: Nijhoff, 1958)

Ruth Levitas, The Concept of Utopia (Hemel Hempstead: Philip Alan, 1990)

N Dennis and A H Halsey, English Ethical Socialism: from Thomas More to R H Tawney
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1988)

David W Lovell, “Early French Socialism and Class Struggle”, History of Political Thought,
vol. IX, no. 2, Summer 1988

Krishan Kumar, “News from Nowhere: The Renewal of Utopia”, History of Political Thought,
vol. XIV, no. 1, Spring 1993, 133-143

E P Thompson, William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary (London: Merlin, 1977)

Florence and Willam Boos, “Utopian Communism of William Morris”, History of Political
Thought, vol. VII, no. 3 (Winter 1986), pp. 489-510.

J C Davis, Utopia and the Ideal Society (Cambridge: CUP, 1981).

* A Wright, Socialisms (Oxford: OUP, 1986, 1996), chapters 2 & 3

Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A conceptual approach (Oxford:

Clarendon, 1996), chapter 11

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David McLellan, The Thought of Karl Marx, third edition (London: MacMillan, 1971) part 2,
chapter 1

Robert Berki, Socialism (London: Dent, 1975)

* Anthony Wright, “Social Democracy and Democratic Socialism”, in R Eatwell and Anthony
Wright (eds.), Contemporary Political Ideologies (London: Pinter, 1999), pp. 80-103

Joseph V Femia, “Marxism and Communism”, in R Eatwell and Anthony Wright (eds.),
Contemporary Political Ideologies (London: Pinter, 1999), pp. 104-130

Michael Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A conceptual approach (Oxford:

Clarendon, 1996), chapters 11 & 12

* Isaiah Berlin, “Political Ideas in the Twentieth Century”, in his Four Essays on Liberty
(Oxford: OUP, 1969), pp. 1-40

A Phillips, “So What’s Wrong with the Individual? Socialist and feminist debates on equality”,
in A Phillips, Democracy and Difference (Cambridge: Polity, 1993)

Peter Self, “Socialism”, in R E Goodin and P Pettit (eds.), A Companion to Contemporary

Political Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 333-355

Thomas More, Utopia

Robert Owen, “Essay Four” of “A New View of Society”, in G Claeys (ed.), Selected Works of
Robert Owen: Volume 1 Early Writings (London: William Pickering, 1993), pp. 41-55. There
are many more equally satisfactory editions.

Lecture 8: From Marx to Lenin

What are the main differences between Marx and Lenin?

Robert C. Tucker, The Lenin Anthology (NY.: W.W. Norton, 1975), pp. xv-xxiii.
ISBN 0393092364

Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009), chap. 6.

Tutorial 8: From Marx to Lenin

What role violence played in the Marxian ideology?

What role did violence play in the Leninist ideology?

Robert C. Tucker, The Lenin Anthology (NY.: W.W. Norton, 1975), pp. xxv-lxiv.
ISBN 0393092364

Raphael Cohen-Almagor, “Foundations of Violence, Terror and War in the Writings of Marx,
Engels, and Lenin”, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 3, No. 2 (1991), pp. 1-24.

Further reading:

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* Neil Harding, “The Russian Revolution: An Ideology in Power”, in Terence Ball and Richard
Bellamy (eds.), The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 239-266.
ISBN 0521691621

Lecture 9: Fascism

View of man
View of the state.
What do you think of the Fascist new man?

Zeev Sternhell, with Mario Sznajder, and Maia Asheri, The Birth of Fascist Ideology: from
cultural rebellion to political revolution (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994),
chapter 5.
ISBN 0691032890

Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009), chap. 7.

Further reading:

Leon P. Baradat, Political Ideologies (NJ.: Pearson, 2009), chap. 10.

M. Festenstein and M. Kenny, Political Ideologies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005),
chapter 9.

* Robert O. Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004).

Kevin Passmore, Fascism: a very short introduction (NY: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Antonio Roversi, Hate on the Net: extremist sites, neo-fascism on-line, electronic jihad
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008).

Stephen Dorril, Blackshirt: Sir Oswald Mosley and British Fascism (London: Penguin Books,
2006).

Tutorial 9: Fascism

Origins of fascism
Core themes
Fascism and racism
What lessons does the rise of Mussolini to power teaches us?

Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies (Houndmills: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2007), pp. 203-229.

Stanley G. Payne, “Fascism and Racism,” in Terence Ball and Richard Bellamy (eds.), The
Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2003), pp. 123-150.
ISBN 0521691621

Further reading:

Adrian Lyttelton (ed.), Italian Fascism (London: Jonathan Cape, 1973), pp. 37-58, 299-315.
Department of Politics & International Studies page 15 of 16
Module Handbook (30XXX)
* Adrian Lyttelton, The Seizure of Power (London and NY: Routledge, 2004), chaps. 2-5.

Peter Davies and Derek Lynch, The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right
(London: Routledge, 2002), Parts 1, 2.
ISBN: 978-0-415-21495-7

John Hoffman and Paul Graham, Introduction to Political Theory (Harlow: Pearson, 2009),
chap. 13.

Lecture 10: Conclusion

Summary class.

Terence Ball and Richard Dagger (eds.), Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal (New
York: Pearson, 2009), chap. 11.

Tutorial 10: Conclusion

Revision class.

Department of Politics & International Studies page 16 of 16

Module Handbook (30XXX)