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02 Chapter2 PDF

The document describes a linear programming problem involving a paint company that produces interior and exterior paints. It defines the decision variables as the daily production amounts of interior (XI) and exterior (XE) paint. The objective is to maximize total income. Constraints include limited raw material availability, a demand restriction of interior paint not exceeding exterior by more than 1 ton, and non-negativity of production amounts. The optimal solution that maximizes income within the feasible region is found graphically.

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108 views27 pages

02 Chapter2 PDF

The document describes a linear programming problem involving a paint company that produces interior and exterior paints. It defines the decision variables as the daily production amounts of interior (XI) and exterior (XE) paint. The objective is to maximize total income. Constraints include limited raw material availability, a demand restriction of interior paint not exceeding exterior by more than 1 ton, and non-negativity of production amounts. The optimal solution that maximizes income within the feasible region is found graphically.

Uploaded by

afsheen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Programming

Formulation and
Graphical Solution
A Two Variable Model
 Simple LP with two decision variables
 Two dimensional model is hardly useful in
the real world systems which normally
encompass hundreds or thousands
variables and constraints
A Two Variable Model:
The Problem

 The Reddy Mikks Company owns a small


paint factory that produces both interior
and exterior house paints
 Two basic raw materials, A and B are
used to manufacture the paint
A Two Variable Model:
The Problem

 The maximum availability of A = 6


tons/day
 The maximum availability of B = 8
tons/day
The Table
Tons of Raw
Material per Ton Maximum
Raw
of Paint Availability
Material
(tons)
Exterior Interior

A 1 2 6

B 2 1 8
The Problem
 Daily demand for interior paint cannot
exceed that of exterior paint more than 1
ton
 Daily demand for interior paint is limited to 2
tons
 Price of interior paint = $2000/ton
 Price of exterior paint = $3000/ton
The Problem
 How much interior and exterior paint
should the company produce daily to
maximize gross income?
Construction of Mathematical
Model
 What does the model seek to determine? What
are the variables (unknowns) of the problems?
 What constraints must be imposed on the
variables to satisfy the limitations of the modeled
system?
 What is the objective (goal) that needs to be
achieved to determine the optimum (best)
solution from among all the feasible values of
the variables?
Variables

 XE: tons produced daily of exterior paint


 XI: tons produced daily of interior paint
Objective Function

 Maximize the income


 Maximize z = 3XE + 2XI (thousand $)
Constraints:
Usage Vs Availability

 (usage of raw material by both paint) 


(maximum raw material availability)
 XE + 2XI  6 (raw material A)
 2XE + XI  8 (raw material B)
Constraints:
Demand Restrictions

 (excess amount of interior over exterior


paint)  1 ton/day
 XI – XE  1
 (demand for interior paint)  2 ton/day
 XI  2
Constraints:
Non-negativity Restrictions

 Implicit constraints
 XI  0 (interior paint)
 XE  0 (exterior paint)
Complete Model
 To determine the values of
 XE: tons produced daily of exterior paint
 XI: tons produced daily of interior paint
 Objective Function to be satisfy:
 Maximize z = 3XE + 2XI
 Subject to these constraints
 XE + 2XI  6 (1)
 2XE + XI  8 (2)
 – XE + XI  1 (3)
 XI  2 (4)
 XI  0 (5)
 XE  0 (6)
Linearity
 Proportionality: contribution of each
variable in the objective function or its
usage of the resource be directly
proportional to the level value of the
variable
 Additivity: objective function is the direct
sum of individual contributions of the
different variables
Graphical Solution
 Plot the feasible space solution that
satisfies all the constraints simultaneously
 Replace Variable:
 Slack Variable: constraint variable is
associated with   limit on availability of a
resource
 Surplus Variable: constraint variable is
associated with   minimum specification
Graphical Solution
 Draw the Graphical Solution for The
Reddy Mikks Company’s problem
 Examine the feasible corner points =
extreme points
 Determine the Optimum Solution for the
problem
Graphical Solution
 Optimum Solution: Intersection between
the (parallel function of) Objective
Function with (one among any of)
Constraint Functions
Graphical Solution
XI
5

6
2
3
5

4
Optimum
1 Solution
3
G
H K 4
2
E D
F Solution SpaceC
1

A B 6
XE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Objective
Function
Small Furniture Factory
 A small furniture factory manufactures tables
and chairs. It takes 2 hours to assemble a table
and 30 minutes to assemble a chair
 Assembly is carried out by 4 workers on the
basis of a single 8-hour shift/day
 Customer usually buy at most 4 times as many
chairs as tables; meaning that the factory should
produce at most 4 times as many chairs as
tables
Small Furniture Factory
 The sale price of a table = $135 per unit
 The sale price of a chair = $50 per unit
Small Furniture Factory
 Determine the problem formulation
(variable, constraints and objective
function
 Determine the daily production mix of
chairs and tables that would maximize the
total daily revenue
Diet Problem (of goats)
 A farmer owns 250 goats that consume 90
lb of special feed daily
 The feed is a mixture of corn and soybean
 The dietary requirement:
 At most 1% calcium
 At least 30% protein
 At most 5% fiber
Diet Problem: The Table
Pounds per Pound of
Type of Feedstuff Cost ($/lb)
Feed
Calcium Protein Fiber

Corn .001 .09 .02 .20

Soybean .002 .60 .06 .60


Diet Problem

 Determine the daily minimum cost feed


mix
Assignment #2
 Find a 2 variable linear programming
problem in a computer science realm
 Determine the model (Identify the variable,
the constraint and the objective function)
 Find the optimum solution
 Include your comment on your work
The End
 This is the end of Chapter 2

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