नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान PDF
नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान PDF
नेपाल अधिराज्यको संविधान PDF
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1 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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2 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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3 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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4 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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*= ;fj{hlgs lxtM– -!_ o; efusf] s'g} s'/fn] klg lgDglnlvt sfg"g cdfGo x'g ]
5}g .
-s_ cg's"ng / kl/jt{g u/L jf gu/L pkwf/f -@_ df
n]lvPdWo] s'g} clek| fosf] lgldQ cfjZos 5 egL >L
% af6 k|dfl0ft ul/aS;]sf] tf]lsPsf] lbg cufl8 ag]sf]
sfg"g .
-v_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] lgldQ egL tf]lsPsf] lbg kl5 ag]sf]
sfg"g .
-@_ zflGt / Joj:yf sfod /fVg] jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff, g]kfn / cGo
/fi6«x¿sf] ;' ;DaGw, ljleGg ju{ jf hflt jf If]qsf hgtfsf aLrsf] ;' ;DaGw jf
;fwf/0ftof g]kfnsf] gful/sx¿sf] ;bfrf/, :jf:Yo, ;'ljwf jf cfly{s lxt,
lzi6frf/ / g}ltstf sfod /fVg] jf cfGtl/s czflGt /f] Sg] jf cbfnt jf ;+ ;bsf
s'g} ;bgsf] cjx]ngf x'g lbgaf6 /f]Sg] jf o; ;+ljwfg jf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gsf]
Joj:yf pN6fpg] s'r]i6f jf o:t} c¿ s'g} k| of; /f]Sg] p2] Zon] ag]sf] egL
k|:tfjgfdf n]lvPsf] 5 eg] To:tf] P]g pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] tfTko{sf] nflu
;fj{hlgs lxtsf] lgldQ ag]sf] dflgg]5 .
-#_ >L % sf] s'g} klg ;z:q ;]gfdf gf]s/L ug{] s'g} klg hjfg pk/ of]
efudf ul/Psf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g tyf P]gåf/f h'g;'s} k'ln;df ;]jf ug{]
h'g;'s} JolQmdfly nfu" x'g] xb;Dd of] efusf] h'g;'s} pkaGwsf] k|of]u nfO{ ;Lldt
tyf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
(= ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs M– -!_ o; efuåf/f k|bQ clwsf/sf] k| rngsf nflu
lgwf{l/t t/Lsf cg';f/ sf/jfO{ rnfpg ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf cfj]bg ug{] xs ;'/lIft
ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cg' ;f/ cfj]bg kg{ cfPdf ;jf{] Rr cbfntn] To:tf]
clwsf/sf] k|rngsf] nflu hf] rflxg] cf1f, cfb] z jf k" hL{ h;df aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f,
k/dfb]z, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[ R5f / pTk|]if0fsf k|sf/sf k" hL{ ;d]t ;fd] n 5g\ hf/L
ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ;jf{] Rr cbfntn] kfPsf] clwsf/df k|lts"n
k|efj gkg{] u/L ;jf{]Rr cbfnt dftxtsf s'g} cbfntnfO{ ;f] cbfntsf] sfo{ If]q
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leq pkwf/f -@_ df n]l vPsf] cf1f, cfb]z jf k"hL{ hf/L ug{] ;a} jf s]xL k|sf/sf
clwsf/ k| of] u ug{] u/L sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
efu–
efu–$
sfo{kflnsf
!)= sfo{sfl/0fL
fl/0fL clwsf/M– -!_ g]kfn clw/fHosf sfo{s fl/0fL clwsf/ >L % df lgxLt
5 / of] ;+ljwfg tyf g]kfn sfg"gsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg / ;+/If0f;Dd lj:t[t 5 / pQm
clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfgdf /x]sf] Joj:yf / k| rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ df} ;"kmaf6 :jod\ jf
dGqLx¿åf/f jf df} ;"kmsf dftxtsf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿åf/f k| of]u ul/aS;g] 5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfgdf >L % af6 df} ;"kmsf] :jljj]s n] u/LaS;g] jf lgwf{l/t
JolQmsf] l;kmfl/;df ul/aS;g] egL ls6fg ePsf] afx]ssf c¿ sfd df};"kmaf6
k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t k] z x'g] dGqLd08nsf] l;kmfl/; jf s'g} k||Zgsf] ;DaGwdf
tT;DjGwL sf/jfxL ug{ k| wfgdGqLaf6 clVtof/ kfPsf] dGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df
ul/aS;g]5 .
-#_ h?/L k/]df afx]s >L % af6 tf]sLaS;]s f ljifox¿df cl3g} df};"kmdf
cgf}krfl/s tj/n] k/fdz{ gu/L s'g} l;kmfl/; df};"kmdf k] z x'g]5}g /
dGqLd08nåf/f ljrf/ eO;s]sf] jf ljrf/} geO{ cfPsf] s'g} l;kmfl/; >L % af6
dGqLd08nsf] ljrf/fy{ k7fpg ;lsaS;g]5 .
-$_ s'g} l;kmfl/; >L % df k] z ePsf] 5 5}g / ePsf] eP s]–s:tf]
l;kmfl/; ePsf] 5 eGg] / o; ;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ >L % af6 s'g} JolQm jf
clwsf/L;Fu k/fdz{ ul/aS;]sf] 5 5}g eGg] k|Zg s'g} klg cbfntdf p7fOg]
5}g .
-%_ s'g} s'/f >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf ul/aS;g] lsl;dsf] xf] xf]Og
eGg] k|Zg p7]df df};"kmsf] :jljj]saf6 ePsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 / >L % af6
To;/L ul/aS;]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] dfGotf lbg] ljifonfO{ lnO{ df};"kmaf6 :jljj]sdf
ul/aS;g x'g] gx'g] eGg] cfwf/df s'g} k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-^_ o; ;+ljwfg cg';f/ >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf x'g] hlt sfo{ >L
% sf] gfddf / df} ;"kmdf lgxLt cGo sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf
x'g]5 .
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-&_ >L % sf] jf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gfddf tof/ eO{ sfof{lGjt ePsf
cfb]z, lg0f{ ox¿ / c¿ clwsf/kqx¿ qmdz >L % af6 df} ;"kmsf] :jljj]sdf jf
>L % sf] ;/sf/af6 agfO{g] lgod adf]lhd k|dfl0ft ul/g]5 / o;/L k|dfl0ft
ePsf] cfb] z, lg0f{o jf clwsf/kqx¿ >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf jf >L % sf]
;/sf/af6 sfof{lGjt ePsf] jf tof/ u/fPsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{o jf clwsf/kq xf]Og
egL To:tf] cfb]z jf lg0f{ o jf clwsf/kqsf] dfGotf af/] k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
!!= /fli6«o kl/ifb M– -!_ o; wf/fdf ePsf Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL >L % / lgDg
lnlvt JolQmx¿ ;d] tsf] Ps /fli6«o kl/ifb\ /xg]5 .
-s_ dxf;efsf] cWoIf, pkfWoIf tyf k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v,
pk;efd'v kb]g ;b:o,
-v_ >L % sf tTsfnLg dGqLx¿ kb]g ;b:o,
-u_ e"tk"j{ dGqLx¿ ;b:o,
-3_ >L % af6 :jljj]sn] lgo'Qm x'g] cGo ;b:o .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd ePsf] s'g} ;b:o cfOGbf /fli6« o
kl/ifbsf] sfdsf] pko'Qm 5}g eGg] /fli6«o kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ ul/aS;]kl5 >L % df
nfu]d f df} ;"kmsf :jljj]s n] ;f] ;b:o ;b:otfaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf JolQm >L % sf] OR5f
cg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-$_ /fli6«o kl/ifbsf] a}7s >L % sf] x's"d cg';f/ af] nfO{g]5, / df};"km
pkl:yt xf]OaS;]df df};"kmaf6 ;efkltsf] cfzgu|x0f ul/aS;g]5 . df} ;"kmsf]
cg'kl:yltdf, >L % sf] :jljj]saf6 ;fwf/0f tj/n] jf vf; tj/n] dgf]lgt ePsf]
pk;efkltn] / To;/L pk;efklt dgf]lgt gePsf] xfntdf /fli6«o kl/ifbsf] ;f]
a}7sdf k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{ o u/]sf] ;b:on] a} 7ssf] ;efkltTj ug{]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ df h] ;'s} n]l vPsf] ePtfklg lgDglnlvt cj:yfdf /fli6« o
kl/ifbsf] a}7s /fli6«o kl/ifb\sf ;lrjn] af]nfpg]5 . ;f] a}7sdf k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{ o
u/]sf] ;b:o ;f] a}7ssf] ;efklt x'g]5 .
-s_ >L % sf] :ju{jf; ePdf jf df} ;"kmaf6 /fhu2L kl/Tofu
u/LaS;]d f /fli6« o kl/ifbn] –
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-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf pk/fh jf pk/fh kl/ifb\nfO{ >L
% jf df};"kmsf pQ/flwsf/Lsf] k|lts"n kg{] s'g} lg0f{o ug]{ jf :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{]
clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6«o kl/ifb\sf] s'g} klg a}7sdf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 sf]xL cg'kl:yt /x]
klg sfd rfn" /xg] 5 olb–
-s_ ;"rgf hf/L x'g] lbg;Dd ePsf /fli6« o kl/ifb\sf ;a}
;b:onfO{ a}7s x'g] ;" rgf k7fPsf] 5 eg] /
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd ;"rgf ul/Psf ;a} ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
sd;]sd rf/ v08sf] Ps v08 ;b:o dt u0fgfdf efu
lnP klg glnP klg pkl:yt /xG5g\ eg] .
-*_ >L % af6 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd jf c¿ tj/n] ;+ljwfg cGtu{ tsf
df};"kmsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] l;nl;nfdf /fli6«o kl/ifb\;Fu k/fdz{ dfq lng] OR5f
ul/aS;]df pkwf/f -&_ sf] v08 -v_ nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-(_ /fli6«o kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ o pkl:yt eO{ dtu0fgfdf efu lng] ;b:ox¿sf]
ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkwf/f % sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_ df ePsf] s'g} s'/fn] klg
To:tf 3f]if0ff hf/L geP;Dd >L % sf] pQ/flwsf/LnfO{ /fhu2Lsf] clwsf/ k|of]u
ul/aS;gdf afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g, tyf To:tf] x/ Ps sfd sfg"g lj?4 gePsf]df
To:tf] 3f]if0ffåf/f ;dlk{t x'g]5 .
-!!_ o; wf/fdf h] ;'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg >L % af6 df} ;"km g]kfnaflx/
/lxaS;]sf] cjlw jf s'g} tf]lsPsf cjlw;Ddsf] lgldQ nfndf]x/n] k|dfl0ft
ul/aS;]sf] clwsf/kqdf tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] clwgdf /xL df};"kmaf6 ul/aS;g]
s'g} sfo{ rnfpg df};"kmsf :jljj]sn] s'g} JolQm cyjf b'O{ jf a9L JolQmnfO{
clVtof/ lbg ;lsaS;g]5 . To:tf] JolQm jf JolQmx¿n] clwsf/kqdf tf]lsPsf]
zt{ tyf kl/wLsf] cGtu{t /xL u/]sf] sfo{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] p2]Zosf nflu >L %
af6 eP ;/x dflgg]5 .
-!@_ >L % af6 k|wfgdGqL /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgh;Fu klg k/fdz{ u/L
df};"kmsf] :jljj]sn] /fli6« o kl/ifb\sf] ;lrj lgo'Qm ul/aS;g]5 .
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!@= dlGq–
dlGq–d08nM– -!_ k|wfgdGqL ;lxtsf] Ps dlGq–d08n /xg] 5 h:df k|wfgdGqL
d'Vo x'g]5g\ . Tof] dlGq–d08ndf rf} w hgfdf ga9fO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df >L
% af6 lg0f{ o ul/aS;]hlt >L % sf cGo dGqL /xg]5g\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] pkaGwx¿sf] cGtu{t /xL dlGqd08nnfO{ g]kfn
clw/fHosf] zf;gsf] ;fdfGo lgb{]zg tyf lgoGq0f ug{] cleef/f /xg] 5 / dlGq–
d08n ;fd"lxs ¿kn] k|ltlglw;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] 5 .
!#= >L % sf dGqLx¿ M– -!_ >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm
ul/aS;g]5 .
t/ Tof] JolQm df} ;"kmsf] /fodf k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn} cyjf csf{] cfd
lgjf{rg ePkl5 ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] x'g' k5{ .
-@_ >L % sf cGo dGqLx¿ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df >L % af6 lgo'Qm
x'g]5g\ / lt dGqLx¿dWo] sd;]sd b'O{ hgf dxf;ef;baf6 lnOg]5 .
-#_ k|wfgdGqL k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox¿dWo]a f6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ .
t/– >L % sf] :jljj]sdf pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ k|ltlglw;efdf ax'dt k| fKt
ug{ ;Sg] JolQm 5}g eGg] nfu]d f df};"kmaf6 ;f] ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf cGo
JolQmnfO{ klg k|wfgdGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 . dxf;efsf] ;b:o /x]g5
eg] To:tf] JolQmn] rf/ dlxgfleq dxf;efsf] jf k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:o x'gg;s]df
k|wfgdGqLsf] kbdf /xg]5}g .
-$_ >L % ;Fu k/fdz{ u/L df} ;"kmsf dGqLx¿df k|wfgdGqLn] sfo{e f/sf]
ljefhg ug{]5 / tL dGqL cf–cfˆgf] ljefusf] k|zf;gsf] nflu >L % / dlGqd08n
k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
t/–k|wfgdGqLn] dGqLx¿dWo] Ps jf b'O{ hgf;Dd ljgfljefusf] dGqL /fVg
;Sg]5 .
-%_ k|wfg dGqL b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] kb tyf sfo{e f/af6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-s_ lnlvt /fhLgfdf >L % af6 :jLs[t ePdf, jf
-v_ nuftf/ $ dlxgfsf] cjlw;Dd k|ltlglw ;efsf] jf pkwf/f
-#_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zcg';f/ lgo'Qm ePsf] eP
;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] ;b:o x'g g;s]df, jf
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-#_ s'g} a]nf >L % sf] s'g} dGqL jf ;xfos dGqL cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf] sfo{
;+rfng ug{ pkl:yt /xg c;dy{ x'G 5 eg] To:tf] s]xL ;dosf] nflu p;sf]
sfo{ef/ ;+ rfng ug{ >L % sf] csf{] s'g} dGqL jf ;xfos dGqLnfO{ ;'lDkg klg
k|wfgdGqLn] ;Sg] 5 .
t/ k|wfgdGqLn] >L % sf dGqLsf] sfd s'g} ;xfos dGqLnfO{ ;'Dk]sf] 5
eg] klg To:tf] ;xfos dGqL dlGqd08nsf] ;b:o x'g]5}g .
!%= kfl/>lds M >L % sf] k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ tyf ;xfos dGqLx¿sf]
kfl/>lds P]gn] tf]Sg] 5 / To;/L gtf]lsP;Dd >L % af6 tf]lsaS;g]5 .
!^= ;/sf/L sfo{ ;~rfngM– -!_ k|wfgdGqLsf] st{Jo b] xfoadf]lhd x'g]5–
-s_ >L % df sfof{jnL, ;DalGwt sfuh / dlGqd08nsf] lg0f{ o
/ ljwfgfy{ k|:tfj jf dlGqd08ndf k] z geO{ lg0f{o ePsf]
s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sfl/0fL sfdsf] ljj/0f k] z ug{] .
-v_ >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sn] rflxaS;]sf] ;/sf/L sfdsf]
;+rfng ;DaGwL ;"rgf df};"kmdf k] z ug{] .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg cGtu{t >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;+rfngsf] ljlw, sfo{
ljefhg tyf ;Dkfbg / >L %, dlGqd08n, >L % sf dGqL, ;xfos dGqL / cGo
>L % sf sd{rf/LsfaLr s:tf] ;DaGw /xg'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t s'/f >L % sf]
:jljj]saf6 :jLs[t , lgodfjnL adf]lhd x'g]5 . of] ;+ljwfgsf] cg's"n /x];Dd tL
lgodfjnL cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ dlGqd08n, >L % sf] dGqL, ;xfos dGqLx¿ / >L %
sf] sd{rf/Lx¿ afWo x'g]5g\ .
t/– tL lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] ;jfn hjfkm s'g}
cbfntdf x'g]5}g .
!&= dlGq–
dlGq–d08nLo ;/sf/sf] c:yfoL lgnDag M– -!_ o; efusf] o; cl3sf
pkaGwx¿df h] ;'s} n]lvPsf] eP tfklg >L % af6 /fli6«o kl/ifb\;+u k/fdz{
ul/aS;]kl5 k|wfgdGqL eP/ k|ltlglw ;efdf ax'dt k|fKtug{ ;Sg] JolQm kfpg
c;Dej 5 eGg] df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf ;Gt'i6 xf]OaS;G5 eg] df};"kmsf] :jljj]saf6
3f]if0ffåf/f of] ;+ljwfgsf !@ b]lv !^ ;Ddsf wf/fx¿nfO{ lgnDjg ul/aS;g
ljlwjt\ x'g] 5 / To:tf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x];Dd–
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!(= dxf;efsf] u7gM– -!_ dxf;efdf hDdf #^ hgf dxf;ef;b\ /xg]5g\, h;dWo] !*
hgf -o;kl5 lgjf{lrt dxf;ef;b egL ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]_ k|ltlglw ;efåf/f
lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ / !* hgf -o;kl5 dgf]lgt dxf;ef;b egL ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]_
>L % af6 wf/f @! cg';f/ dgf]lgt x'g]5g\ .
-@_ wf/f @) tyf @! sf] clwgdf /xL dxf;ef;b\sf] kbfjlw ^ jif{sf] x'g] 5
/ k|ltlglw;efsf] lj36gn] s'g} c;/ kg{]5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h];'s} n]lvPsf] eP klg–
-s_ s'g} cfsl:ds l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{sf] nflu lgjf{lrt jf
dgf]lgt dxf;ef;b\n] cfˆgf] ;fljsjfnfsf] cjz]if
kbfjlw;Dd dfq axfn ug{]5 /
-v_ dxf;ef;b\sf] ;j{ k|yd r'gfjdf afx]s s'g} klg
dxf;ef;b\sf] kbfjlw cfˆg' ;fljsjfnfsf] kbfjlw e'Qmfg
ePsf] ldlt b]lv u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-$_ lgjf{lrt dxf;ef;b\sf] cfsl:ds l/St :yfgsf] k"lt{sf] nflu k[ys
r'gfj ul/g]5 .
-%_ cjsfz lng] dxf;ef;b\ of]Uotf /lxt geP ;do ;dodf lgjf{rg jf
dgf]gogsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5 .
-^_ of] wf/fdf æcfsl:ds l/Qm :yfgÆ eGgfn] dxf;ef;b\sf] d[To' ,
/fhLgfdf jf cof] Uotfsf] sf/0faf6 x'g cfPsf] l/Qm :yfgnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
@)= dxf;ef;b\
dxf;ef;bsf]
\sf] lgjf{rgM– -!_ wf/f @( adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] Ps ;efd'v /
Ps pk;efd'vsf] ;j{k|yd lgjf{ rg ePkl5 k|ltlglw ;efn] cGo sfo{df nfUg'
cufj} c7fx| hgf dxf;ef;b\sf] lgjf{rg ug{]5 / To;kl5 lgjf{lrt
dxf;ef;b\dWo]af6 s'g} :yfg l/St ePdf oyflz3| k|ltlglw ;efn] To;sf] k"lt{ ug{
s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgjf{rg ug{] 5 .
-@_ dxf;ef;b\ x¿sf] lgjf{rgdf el/g' kg{] :yfgeGbf pDd]bjf/sf] ;+ Vof
a9L ePdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] l;4fGt adf]lhd Pp6} ;+qmd0fLo dtåf/f
lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .
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jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf k|To]s gful/sn] Ps dfq lgjf{rg If]qdf Ps dtbfg lbg clwsf/
kfpg] 5 .
-%_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu dtbftfsf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{]
sfddf / lgjf{rgsfo{ ;~rfngdf /]vb]v, lgb{]zg / lgoGq0f ;d]t >L % af6
df};"kmsf] :jljj]sn] lgo'Qm Ps lgjf{ rg cfof]udf lgxLt x'g] 5 .
-^_ lgjf{rg If]q laefhg / lgjf{rg cfof]ux¿sf] ;b:ox¿sf] kfl/>lds
>L % af6 k| wfgdGqL;+u k/fdz{ u/L 7]sL aS;g]5 / o:tf] kfl/>lds tyf lgjf{rg
If]q ljefhg / lgjf{ rg cfof]usf] k|sf;sLo vr{ ;+lrt sf]if k|lt Jooef/ x'g]5 .
-&_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 p7]s f] jf To; ;DaGwL ljjfbx¿ g]kfnsf]
k|wfgGofofwLzåf/f lgo'Qm lgjf{rg ljz]if cbfntdf k] z eO{ l5lgg] 5g\ / sfg"gL
k|Zgdf ;jf{] Rr cbfntdf clkn k/]sf]d f afx]s ljz]if cbfntaf6 ePsf s'g} klg
lg0f{o clGtd x'g] 5 .
-*_ o; wf/fsf] pkaGwx¿sf] clwgdf /xL k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg /
To;;DaGwL cGo k|f;+lus dfdnfx¿ P]gåf/f k| zfl;t x'g] 5 .
@#= b'j} ;bgsf
;bgsf ;b:ox¿sf] nflu of]Uotf M– -!_ s'g} dxf;ef;b\ k|ltlglw;efsf]
lgldQ lgjf{lrt x'g jf To; ;bgdf a:g jf To; ;bgsf] ;b:osf] x}l ;otdf
dtbfg ug{ of]Uo x'g] 5}gg\ .
-@_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} klg JolQmx¿ ;+ ;bsf] s'g}klg ;bgdf dgf]lgt
x'g jf lgjf{l rt x'g jf a:g jf dtbfg lbg of]U o x'g] 5}gg\ .
-s_ g]kfnsf] gful/s xf]O{g eg], jf
-v_ dxf;efsf] nflu tL; jif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf] 5 /
k|ltlglw;efsf] nflu kRrL; jif{ eGbf sd pd]/sf] 5 eg],
jf
-u_ >L % sf] dGqL, ;xfos dGqL jf ;efd' v jf pk;efd' v jf
dxf;efsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIf jf >L % af6 wf/f !& sf]]
pkwf/f -!_ sf] sfo{s f] nflu lgo'Qm JolQmafx]s >L % sf]
sd{rf/L 5 eg], jf
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ;b:o 5 eg], jf
-ª_ s'g} P]gn] cof]U o 5 eg] .
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t/–
-s_ >L % af6 dlGq–d08nn] k|ltlglw ;efnfO{ lj36g ug{
r9fPsf] l;kmfl/; df};"kmsf] larf/df lj36g ug{ kfpg]
clwsf/sf] b' ¿kof]u u/]sf] nfu]d f df} ;"kmsf] :jljj]sdf
To:tf] l;kmfl/; c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 .
-v_ dlGq–d08nn] l;kmfl/; k|:t' t gu/]af6 of] ;+ljwfgsf]
pkaGw e+ Ë x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvaS;]df dlGq–d08nsf]
l;kmfl/; gePtfklg >L % af6 df} ;"kmsf] :jljj]sdf
;+;bnfO{ cfJxfg ug{ ;lsaS;g] 5 .
-#_ cufj} lj36g gePdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] a}7s klxnf] a:g] lglb{i6
ldltb]lv kfFr jif{ ;Dd dfq ;f] k|ltlglw;ef sfod /xg] 5 / ;f] cjlw vtd
ePkl5 Tof] k|ltlglw ;ef :jtM lj3l6t x'g]5 .
@&= ;+;bsf] clwj]zg tyf a}7s M– -!_ >L % af6 ;do ;dodf clwj]zg ;dflKt
cfb]zåf/f ;+ ;bsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo ug{ ;lsaS;g] 5 . t/ Ps clwj]zgsf] cGTo
csf{] clwj] zgsf] k| f/Desf] cjlwdf ^ dlxgf eGbf a9L cGt/ x'g xF'b}g .
-@_ :yfoL lgodfjnLdf JoQm ePsf s'/fsf] clwgdf /xL b'j} ;bg ;do
;dodf k| :tfjåf/f clwj]zg cjlw leq g} :ylut x'g;St5 . b'j} ;bgsf] s'g}
lbgsf] sfof{/De b]lv sfo{:yug;Ddsf] cGt/fjlwnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgdf a}7s egL
pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .
-#_ of] wf/fdf h] ;'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;+ ;bLo clwj]zg rfn" gePsf]
avt cyjf s'g} ;bg :ylut ePsf] avt ;+ ;b jf s'g} ;bgsf] a} 7s zL3|t/
af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 eGg] >L % sf] /fodf nfu]df df} ;"kmaf6 3f]if0ffåf/f o:tf]
a}7s a:g] ldlt tf]Sg ;lsaS;g]5, / tf]lsaS;]adf]lhd ;+;b jf s'g} ;bgsf]
a}7s a:g]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
;efkltTj ug{] clwsf/Lx¿
@*= dxf;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf M– -!_ dxf;efn] oyfzL3| b'O{ dxf;ef;b\ nfO{
qmdzM cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] nflu r'Gg]5 / cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf ;f]
kl5 oyfzL3| l/Qm:yfgsf] k"lt{ ug{ dxf;efn] dxf;ef;b\dWo]a f6 r'Gg]5 .
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lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g t/ dt a/fa/ ePsf] v08df ;efkltTj ug{]n] Ps lg0ff{ os
dt lbg]5 .
#^= l/Qmfj:yfdf ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf]
;bgsf] sfo{ ;~rfng clwsf/ M– ;+;bsf] s'g}
;bgsf] s'g} ;b:otf l/Qm 5 eg] klg cfˆgf] ;bgsf] sfo{ rfn" /fVg] clwsf/
k|To]s ;bgnfO{ x'g]5 / To:tf] cj:yfdf jf ;bgdf a:g jf dt lbg jf
sfo{jfxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] ;f] u/]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof]
eg] klg ToxfF ePsf] h'g;'s} sfo{ dfGo x'g]5 .
#&= u0fk'/s M– ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] a}7s ePsf] h'g;'s} ;dodf dxf;efsf] a}7ssf]
nflu bz eGbf sd dxf;ef;b pkl:yt ePsf] jf k|ltlglw ;efsf] a} 7ssf] nflu
kRrL; eGbf sd k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] tYo k|lt ;efkltTj ug{]
JolQmsf] Wofg cfslif{t ul/of] eg] ;efkltTj ug{] JolQmn] dxf;efsf] jf k|ltlglw
;efsf] :yfoL lgodfjnLsf] clwgdf /xL u0fk'/s ;+ Vof gk'u] ;Dd a}7ssf] sfo{
lgnDag ug{ jf csf{] a} 7s a:g] lbg ;Dd a}7s :ylut ug{ ljgf k| Zgn] ;Sg]5 .
#*= ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ M– -!_ ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] sfo{jfxLsf] dfGotf k|lt
sfo{ljlwsf] cf/f]lkt clgoldttfsf] cfwf/df s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} kbflwsf/L jf dxf;ef;b\ jf k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:on] s'g} ;bgdf
sfo{ljlw lgoldt u/fpg jf sfo{;~rfng ug{ jf Joj:yf sfod /fVg kfPsf]
clwsf/ k| of] u u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/jfO{ rNg] 5}g .
-#_ dxf;efdf jf k|ltlglw ;efdf jf ToxfFsf] s'g} ;ldltdf af]n]sf] s'g }
s'/f cyjf lbPsf] s'g} dtsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} dxf;ef;b\ jf k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;b:o pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/jfO{ rNg] 5}g .
-$_ ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] clwsf/n] jf ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgn] lbPsf] clwsf/
cGtu{t s'g} l/kf]6{ jf cGo sfuhkq jf dtbfg jf sfo{jfxL k|sfz u/]sf]
ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/jfO{ rNg] 5}g .
-%_ o; wf/fsf] clwgdf /xL ;+ ;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] jf ;ldltx¿sf] tyf
ToxfFsf ;b:ox¿sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ P]gaf6 lgwf{l/t x'g] 5 .
#(= lgodfjnL M– -!_ of] ;+ljwfgdf ePsf s'/fx¿sf] clwgdf /xL cfˆgf sfo{ljlw, sfo{
;~rfng tyf cfˆgf] ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw, sfo{ ;+rfng / cfˆgf] a} 7s a;]sf]] avt
;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg tyf cfˆgf] sfo{sf]] pko'Qm ;+ rfngsf] lgldQ rflxg] c¿
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s'g} s'/f lgoldt ug{]sf]] nflu ;+ ;bsf] k|To]s ;bgn] :yfoL lgodfjnL jf clwj]zg
lgodfjnL agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd :yfoL lgodfjnL hf/L geP;Dd pQm pkwf/fdf
plNnlvt s'/fx¿ of] ;+ljwfgdf ePsf s'/fx¿sf] clwgdf /xL >L % af6 hf/L
ul/aS;]sf]] lgodfjnL cg';f/ lgoldt x'g]5 .
-#_ of] wf/fdf æ:yfoL lgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] clwj] zg clwj]zgdf jf ;+ ;b
;+;bdf rfn" /xL cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] lgodfjnLnfO{ / æclwj]zg
lgodfjnLÆ eGgfn] clwj] zgsf] cjlwdf agL To;} clwj]zgdf dfq rfn" /xg]
lgodfjnLnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
kl/R5]b–%
Joj:yflksf sfo{k|0ffnL
$)= ljw]os k|:t't ljlwM– -!_ cfly{s ljw]osafx]s c¿ h'g;'s} ljw]os ;+;bsf] s'g}
;bgdf k|:t't x'g ;Sg] 5, t/ cfly{s ljw]os eg] k|ltlglw ;efdf dfq k|: t't
x'g]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfgdf æcfly{s ljw] osÆ eGgfn] lgDglnlvt ;a} jf s'g }
ljifol;t dfq ;DaGw /fVg] Joj:yf ePsf ;/sf/L ljw] os ;Demg' k5{ .
-s_ s/sf] cf/f] k0f, vf/]hL, dfkmL, kl/jt{g, jf s/ Joj:yfnfO{
lgoldt ug{' .
-v_ ;+lrt sf]if jf s'g} ;/sf/L sf]if jf ;+;bn] Joj:yf u/L
lbPsf] wgaf6 vr{ x'g] /sd lgwf{/0f ug{' / To;/L lgwf{/0f
ePsf] /sddf kl/jt{g jf vf/]h ug{' .
-u_ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lgldQ jf s'g} clwsf/L jf JolQmsf]
nflu wg k|bfg ug{' jf To;/L k|b fg ul/Psf] cÍ kl/jt{g
ug{' jf k|lt;+ x/0f ug{' .
-3_ ;/sf/L sf]if tf]lsPsf] sfddf nufpg] jf k| flKt ug{] jf
lhDdf /fVg] jf nufg ug{] jf To;sf] lx;fa lstfa hfF Rg] .
-ª_ s'g} C0f k|fKt ug{' jf To:tf] C0fsf] hdfgt lbg' jf r'Stf
ug{' jf o:tf C0fsf] ;DjGwdf Joj:yflkt C0f lgjf/0f
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kl/R5]b–^
cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
$$= ;fdfGo Joj:yf M– -!_ P]g jf P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ adf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/
nufOg] 5}g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ jf P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ afx]s ;+lrt sf]if jf c¿
s'g} ;/sf/L sf]if jf ;+;båf/f Jojl:yt wgaf6 s'g} lsl;dsf] Joo ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ P]gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ afx]s ;+lrt sf]i f jf c¿ s'g} ;/sf/L sf]if jf
;+;båf/f Jojl:yt wg lwtf] /fvL s'g} shf{ lng' x'Fb}g .
-$_ o; efusf] s'g} s'/f >L % sf]] lghL /fh:j jf o:tf] /fh:jaf6 x'g ]
Joodf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
$%= ;+lrt sf]if M– -!_ >L % sf] lghL /fh:j / :yfgLo s/ afx]s >L % sf]
;/sf/nfO{ k| fKt x'g] c¿ ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j tyf s/af6 x'g] cfDbfgL /fh:jsf]
lwtf]df lnOPsf] ;a} shf{ x¿ / P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;' n
x'Fbf k|fKt x'g] ;a} wg ;+;bn] csf{] s'g} Joj:yf gu/];Dd Pp6f ;/sf/L sf]ifdf
cfDbfgL afFlwOg]5 / o;nfO{ ;+lrt sf]if elgg]5 .
-@_ lgDglnlvt ljifo;+u ;DaGw ePsf s'/f ;+lrt sf]if dfly Jooef/
x'g]5 / o:tf] Joosf] nflu ;+;bsf] jflif{s :jLs[ltsf] h?/t kg{]5}g .
-s_ >L % tyf /fhkl/jf/df x'g] Joo,
-v_ lgDglnlvt JolQmnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds,–
-!_ k|wfg GofowLz jf ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf cGo
GofofwLzx¿,
-@_ lgjf{rg If]q ljefhg tyf lgjf{rg cfof] usf
;b:ox¿
-#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:ox¿, /
-$_ dxfn] vf k/LIfs .
-u_ /fhb/jf/, ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, lgjf{rg If]q ljefhg tyf
lgjf{rg cfof]u , nf]s ;]jf cfof]u / dxfn] vf k/LIfs
ljefusf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds nufot k| zf;g
Joox¿,
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$*= k]ZsL cg'bfg M– -!_ o; kl/R5]bdf o; cl3 h];'s} n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg
ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf cfufdL cfly{s jif{s f] c+ zsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf]
Joosf] lgldQ cufj} k]ZsLsf] ¿kdf /sd lbg dtbfg ug{] ;+ ;bsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ wf/f $^ df ul/Psf Joj:yf cg' ;f/ /fh:j Joosf] cg'dfg pkl:yt
gul/P;Dd k]ZsL cg'bfg k|ltlglw ;efdf k|:t't ul/g] 5}g /–
-s_ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] rf/ dlxgfsf] lgldQ cg'dfg
ul/Psf] JooeGbf k]ZsL cg'bfgsf] /sd clws x'g] 5}g .
-v_ k]ZsL cg'bfg k]ZsL–cg'bfg–ljw]osdf ufleg]5 / k[ys
/sdx¿ ljlgof]hg k[ ys ljw]osdf k[ys k[ ys zLif{sdf
ljlgof]lht x'g] 5 .
-u_ k]ZsL cg'bfg ljw]osdf >L % sf] :jLs[lt k| fKt geP;Dd
k]ZsL cg'bfgaf6 s'g} Joo ul/g] 5}g .
$(= pwf/f] cg'
c g'bfgM– o; kl/R5]bdf o; cl3 h] n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|fs[lts sf/0f jf
afXo cfqmd0fsf] wDsL jf cfGtl/s lj£g jf c¿ s'g} sf/0fn] ubf{ /fi6«JofkL jf
:yfgLo ;+s6fj:yf ePdf wf/f $^ cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f lglb{i6 ug{ cJojxfl/s
/ /fHosf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf] b[li6n] cjf~5gLo 5 eGg] s'/fdf >L % ;Gt'i6
xf]OaS;]df To; kl/l:yltdf Joosf] >L % af6 jf~5gLo 7x/fOaS;]sf] ljj/0fdfq
ePsf] pwf/f] cg'bfg ljw]os >L % af6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;Dd'v /fVg nufOaS;g]5
.
%)= cfsl:ds sf]if M– P]gåf/f cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5
/ pQm sf]ifdf ;do ;oddf P]gn] lgwf] u/] cg';f/ /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . of] sf]if
>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 / >L % af6 :jLs[lt aS;]adf]lhd ;f]
sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds vr{sf nflu Joo ul/g]5 . oyf;So rfF 8f] o:tf] Joosf] /sd
k"/s cg'bfgsf] ¿kdf ;f] wegf{sf nflu ;+ ;bdf k]z ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b–&
Joj:yflksf clwsf/
%!= ;fdfGo
;fdfGo Joj:yfkg clwsf/M– o; ;+ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yfx¿sf] clwgdf /xL
g]kfnsf] zflGt ;'/Iff / ;'zf;gsf] nflu sfg"g agfpg] clwsf/ ;+ ;bnfO{ x'g]5 .
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%@= cWofb]zM– -!_ ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg gePsf jvtdf tTsfn s]xL ug{
cfjZos kl/l:ylt cfPsf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf >L % ;Gt'i6 xf]OaS;]d f o; ;+ljwfgsf]
pkaGwsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L df} ;"kmaf6 kl/l:ylt cg';f/ cfjZos ;lDem aS;]sf]
cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ hf/L ePsf] cWofb] z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 . t/
o:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z–
-s_ cWofb]z hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgdf k] z
ul/g]5 / ;+ ;bsf] b'j} ;bgn] c:jLsf/ ug{] k|:tfj kf;
u/]df vf/]h x'g]5 .
-v_ >L % af6 h'g;'s} ;dodf vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5 .
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd vf/]h gePdf ;+ ;bsf] a}7s
a;]sf] $% lbgkl5 :jtM lg:s[o x'g] 5 .
:ki6L
:ki6Ls/0f–
s/0f ;+;bsf] ljleGg ;bg cl3kl5 u/L a;]sf] 5
eg] o; pkwf/fsf] tfTko{sf] nflu h'g ;bg kl5 a;]sf] 5
;f] ;bgsf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] ;+ ;bsf] a}7s a;]sf]
;dosf] u0fgf x'g] 5 .
%#= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgM– -!_ ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgaf6 kf; ePsf] ljw] osdf >L % af6
:jLs[lt aS;L nfndf] x/ nfu]kl5 To;åf/f ;+;bn] o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} klg s'/fnfO{
;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug{ ;Qm5 . t/–
-s_ ;+ljwfgdf ;+ zf]wg ug{] ljw] ossf] gfd ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
ljw]os elgg]5 / ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL afx]s cGo s'g}
s'/f To;df /xg] 5}g .
-v_ k|ltlglw ;ef tyf dxf;efsf] a]U nfa]U n} a}7sdf ljw] ossf]
clGtd k7g x'Fbf pQm ;bgx¿sf ;a} ;b:o ;+ Vofsf] sd;]
sd b'O{ ltxfO ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{g k|fKt ePg eg] Tof]
ljw]os pQm ;efx¿df kf; ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-u_ >L % sf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu k] z x'Fbf Tof] ljw] osdf cWoIf
tyf ;efd'våf/f of] pkwf/fsf] pkaGwx¿ kfngf ul/Psf]
Joxf]/fsf] k|d f0fkq :jx:tflÍt ePsf] x'g]5 .
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-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{ t h'g;'s} 3f]if0ff klg kl5 x'g] 3f]if0ffåf/f vf/]h jf
kl/jlt{t x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ klxnf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ vf/]h ug{] 3f]if0ff afx]s o; wf/f cGt{ut ePsf] cGo
afx| dlxgfsf] cjlw gf3]kl5 lgl:qmo x'g]5 t/ k'gM csf{] 3f]if0ffåf/f gljs/0f x'g
;Qm5 / >L % sf] :jljj]sdf o; ;+ljwfgåf/f cfof]lht ;+ ;bLo zf;g k4lt
k"0f{t of k'gM :yflkt x'g ;St5 eGg] s'/fdf ;Gt'i6 xf]OgjS;];Dd o:t} qmdn] rnL
/xg]5 .
t/– >L % sf] :jljj]sdf lgDglnlvt cj:yf 5 eGg] ;Gt'i6 e} gjS;];Dd
o; wf/f cGtu{t s'g} 3f]if0ff k'gM gljs/0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-s_ ;+;bLo zf;g k4lt o:tf] k|s f/n] eË ePsf] 5 ls cfd
lgjf{rg u/fpg cJojxfl/s x'g hfG5 eg] jf
-v_ cfd lgjf{ rg e/v/} ePsf] 5 t/ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f
cfof]lht tl/sfaf6 ;+;bLo zf;g k4lt cg';f/ sfd rNg
;St}g eGg] .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{] afx]s o; wf/f cGtu{t hf/L ePsf]
3f]if0ff d't fljs agfOPsf] s'g} klg sfg"g, P]gåf/f cufj} vf/]h jf k'gM Jojl:yt
gePdf o; wf/f cGtu{tsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" x'g 5f8]sf] ^ dlxgf ljt]kl5 lgl:qmo
x'g]5, / of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{] sfg"g rfxL+ o; wf/f cGtu{t hf/L ePsf]
3f]if0ff nfu" x'g 5f8] kl5 lgl:qmo x'g]5 .
efu–
efu–^
Gofokflnsf
%&= ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf Gofof
Gofof wLzx¿ M– -!_ k|wfgdGqL;F u k/fdz{ u/L tyf pko'Qm
;jf]{ Rr cbfntsf ;fIfL aS;]sf] GofofwLzsf] /fo ;d] t a'emL >L % af6 df} ;"kmsf]
:jljj]sdf g]kfnsf] k| wfg GofofwLz lgo'Qm ul/aS;g]5 .
-@_ ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm k| wfg GofofwLz;+u
k/fdz{ u/L / pko'Qm ;DemL aS;]sf]] ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzsf] /fo
;d]t a'emL aS;L >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sdf ul/aS;g]5 .
31 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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-#_ pkwf/f -$_ sf]] clwgdf /xL k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf
cGo GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbfjlw k"0f{ geP;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5g\ .
-$_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLz–
-s_ >L % sf ;dIf ;dfj]bg k]z u/L cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf
ug{;Sg]5 .
-v_ v/fa cfr/0f jf cof]U otfn] ubf{ cfˆgf] kbsf] st{Jo
kfng ug{ c;dy{ 5 eGg] s'/f >L % af6 lgo'Qm cfof]u n]
7x/ l/kf] 6{ k]z u/]df >L % af6 df};"kmsf] :jljj]sn]
lghnfO{ kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsaS;g]5 .
t/– cf/f]k nfu]sf k| wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr
cbfntsf GofofwLznfO{ cfof] udf cfˆgf] ;kmfO{sf] lgldQ
k"/f df}sf lbgaf6 a+lrt ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ sf] v08 -v_ cg';f/ u7Lt cfof]unfO{ aofg lng], ;fIfL
k|df0f a' ‰g] tyf cfˆgf] cfof]usf] cjx]ngfsf] nflu ;hfo ug{] ;d]t ;a} lsl;dsf]
clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo GofofwLzn] kfpg kg{] kfl/>lds, kbfjlw tyf
gf]s/Lsf cGo zt{ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g]5, To;/L lgwf{l/t geP;Dd >L % af6
tf]lsaS;] adf]lhd x'g]5, k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLz
cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x] ;Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kbfjlw / kfl/>lds ;DaGwL zt{
ablng] 5}g / ;f] kfl/>lds ;+lrt sf]if k|lt Jooef/ x'g] 5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -!_ / -^_ ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf sfod d'sfod k| wfg
GofofwLznfO{ tyf pkwf/f -@_ / -^_ ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf :yfoL jf cltl/Qm
GofofwLznfO{ ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .
%*= ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2fx¿ lemsfpg] M– dftxtsf] c8\ 8f cbftndf kl//x]sf] s'g}
d'2f dfldnfdf ;+ljwfgsf JofVof h:tf] hl6n sfg"gL k|Zg ;dfj]z 5 / d'2f
lsgf/f nufpgfnfO{ To;sf] lg0f{o cfjZos 5 egL ;jf{] Rr cbfntnfO{ nfu]d f
;jf{] Rr cbfntn] Tof] d'2 f dfldnf lemsfO{–
-s_ d'2f ;d]t lsgf/f nufpg ;Qm5 jf
32 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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-v_ pQm sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg0f{o u/L ;f] lg0f{osf] gSsn ;fy /fvL lemsfO{
cfPsf] c8\ 8f cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;S5 . dftxtsf] ;f] c8\8f
cbfntn] lsgf/f nufpg af+sL d'2 f lkmtf{ cfPkl5 ;f] sfg"gL lg0f{o;+u
;fdGh:o /fvL d'2f lsgf/f nufpg] sf/jfO{ ug{]5 .
efu–
efu–&
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
%(= nf]s ;]j f cfof]u M– -!_ Ps nf]s;]jf cfof]u /xg] 5, To;df >L % af6 tf]lsjS;]
hlt ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ h;dWo] >L % af6 tf]lsaS;]sf] Ps ;b:o cfof]usf] cWoIf
x'g]5 .
-@_ nf]s ;]j f cfof]usf] sd;]sd PsltxfO{ ;b:o jxfn x'g' eGbf 7Ls %
jif{ cl3;Dd ;/sf/L gf]s/Ldf g/x]sf] JolQm x'g]5 .
-#_ nf]s ;]j f cfof]usf ;b:o >L % af6 lgo'Qm ul/aS;g]5 .
-$_ s'g} JolQm dxf;ef jf k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:o 5 eg] ;f] JolQm nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:odf lgo'Qm x'g] 5}g .
-%_ nf]s ;] jf cfof] usf] ;b:o lgo'lQm kfPsf] ldltn] % jif{ ;Dd cfˆgf]
kbdf jxfn /xg]5 .
t/–
-s_ >L % sf ;dIf lnlvt ;dfj]bg k]z u/L /fhLgfdf ug{
;Sg]5 .
-v_ ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg
tl/sfn] kbaf6 x6fOg] 5g\ .
-^_ nf]s;]j f cfof]usf] ;b:odf lgo'Qm ePsf] JolQm ;f] kbdf sfod
g/x]kl5 c¿ ;/sf/L ;]j fsf] nflu u|fXo x'g]5}g .
t/ nf]s;] jf cfof]udf k'glg{o'lQmsf] nflu ufXo x'g]5 .
-&_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿
sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf geP;Dd ;jf{] Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz ;/x x'g] 5, kfl/>lds
lgh axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L ablng] 5}g / ;+lrt sf]if k|lt Jooef/
x'g]5 .
33 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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^)= nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] st{J o M -!_ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;a} ;]jf jf kbdf egf{sf
lgldQ hfFr ug{] nf]s;]j f cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ b]xfosf ljifodf nf]s;] jf cfof] usf] k/fdz{ lng'kb{5 .
-s_ lghfdtL ;]j f tyf kbdf egf{ ug{] t/Lsf ;DaGwL ;a}
ljifox¿df,
-v_ lghfdtL ;] jf jf kbdf lgo'Qm ug{], ;?jf a9'jf ug{] tyf
lgo'lQm, ;?jf / a9'jf ubf{ pDd]bjf/x¿sf] ljifodf ljrf/
ug{] l;4fGtsf] ljifodf,
-u_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] cg'zf;g ;DaGwL ;a} ljifo / o;
;DaGwL :d[ltkq, ljlGtkq, ph'/L ;d]t ;a} ljifodf,
-3_ lghfdtL sd{rf/L jf lghfdtL sd{rf/L /x]sf] JolQmn]
cfˆg' kbsf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ ;f] ;DaGwdf lghsf] lj?4
ePsf] s'g} sfg"gL sf/jfO{df ;+/If0fsfnflu u/]sf] vr{
;+lrt sf]ifaf6 e/fOlbg' kg{] ljifosf] bfjf u/] lbg' kg{] jf
gkg{] eGg] lg0f{o ug{'kg{] ljifodf,
-ª_ lghfdtL sd{rf/Ln] cfˆg' st{Jo kfng ubf{ x'g uPsf]
gf]S;fgLsf] jf hf]lvlddf k]Gzg jf pkbfgsf] bfjf u/]sf]
ljifo / slt lbg'kg{] xf] egL c+s lgwf{/0f ug{] ljifodf,
-r_ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] h'g ;'s} ;]j f jf kbsf] ljifodf >L %
af6 k/fdz{ dfluaS;]sf] h'g ;'s} ljifodf .
-#_ o; wf/fsf] c¿ pkwf/fx¿df h] ;'s} n]lvPtf klg >L % af6 o;
ljifodf ;fwf/0f tj/;F u jf ljz]i ftM cd"s ljifox¿ jf cd"s kl/l:yltdf nf]s
;]jf cfof]u ;Fu k/fdz{ lng cfjZos 5}g egL lgodåf/f tf]lsaS;]df ;f] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s jif{ nf]s;]j f cfof]un] cfkm"n] u/]sf sfdsf] l/kf]6{ >L % sf]
;dIf k] z ug{]5 / ;f] l/kf] 6{ k| fKt ePkl5 >L % af6 To;sf] k|ltlnlk ;+ ;bdf
k7fpg nufOaS;g]5 . cfof]usf] k/fdz{ :jLsf/ gu/]sf] jf kfng gePsf] s'g}
s'/f eP To;sf] sf/0f ;d] t vf]lnPsf] 1fkgkq klg l/kf] 6{ k|ltlnlksf] ;fy}
;+;bdf k7fpg nufOaS;g]5 .
34 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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-%_ nf]s;]j f cfof]u n] cfkm"n] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ug{'kg{] s'g} sfd
cfb]zåf/f ;f] cfb] zdf tf]lsPsf] zt{sf]] clwgdf /xL k"/f ug{ >L % sf s'g }
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'lDkg ;Sg]5 . To;/L ;'lDkPsf] clwsf/ adf]lhd >L % sf s'g }
sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'‰g] JolQmn] ;f] lg0f{o pk/ nf]s;]jf cfof]udf
ckLn ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] ckLn dfly nf]s;]jf cfof]u n] u/]sf]] lg0f{ o clGtd x'g]5 .
efu–
efu–*
lx;fj hfFr
^!= dxfn]vf k/LIfs M– -!_ >L % af6 Ps dxfn]vf k/LIfs lgo'Qm ul/aS;g]5 .
-@_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf kbfjlw P]gåf/f
lgoldt x'g]5g\ . To;sf] cefjdf >L % af6 aS;]s f] lgodfjnLåf/f lgoldt x'g] 5 .
-#_ dxfn] vf k/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ
u|fXo x'g]5}g .
-$_ dxfn]vf k/LIfs kbdf /x'GHofn;Dd lghsf] kfl/>lds lghnfO{ dsf{
kg{] u/L kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g / ;+lrt sf]if k|lt Jooef/ x'g]5 .
-%_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg t/Lsfn]
afx]s dxfn] vf k/LIfsnfO{ lghsf] kbfjlw vtd gxF'b} lgh ;f] kbaf6 x6fOg] 5}g .
^@= lx;fa hfFr / l/kf]6{M – -!_ dlGq-d08n, dxf;efsf] ;lrj, k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;lrj, ;jf{] Rr cbfnt, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u ;d]tsf] clkm; nufot ;/sf/L ;a}
ljefu tyf c8\8f cbfntsf] :ofxf;|]:tf lx;fj >L % sf] :jLs[ltaf6 ag]sf] 9fFrf
/ tl/sfdf dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/ /flvg]5 / dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6
hfFlrg] 5 . dxfn]vf k/LIfs / lghsf ;xfosx¿nfO{ o:tf] x/lx;fj ;DaGwL ;a}
sfuhkq h'g;'s} avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] P]g adf]lhd lx;fj;Fu ;DalGwt o:t} c¿ sfd
ug{]5 / o:tf]d f rflxg] clwsf/ ;d]t k| of] u ug{] 5 .
-#_ o; wf/f adf]lhd cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s l/kf]6{ dxfn] vf k/LIfsn]
>L %df r9fpg] 5 / df};"kmaf6 o:tf l/kf]6{x¿ ;+ ;bsf ;dIf /fVg nufOaSg]5 .
35 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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efu–
efu–(
;fdfGo Joj:yfx¿
kl/R5]b–!
>L % sf] clwsf/
^#= /fhu2L pQ/flwsf/ ;DaGwL P]g agfpg] clwsf/ M– wf/f %! df h];'s} n]lvPsf]
eP tfklg /fhu2L pQ/flwsf/ ;DaGwL P]g agfpg], ;+zf] wg ug{] / vf/]h ug{]
;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ >L % df dfq lglxt /x]sf] 5 / of] clwsf/ >L % af6 :jljj]sdf
k|of] u ul/aS;g]5 .
^$= ;]gfsf] ;jf{]Rr sdf08 M– -!_ >L % sf] ;z:q ;]gfsf] ;jf{] Rr sdf08 -;dfb]z_
df};"kmdf /xg]5 / o; clwsf/sf] k|of]u P]gåf/f lgoldt x'g]5 .
-@_ P]gåf/f ;f] af/] Joj:yf geP;Dd >L % af6 b] xfo adf]lhd
ul/aS;g]5 .
-s_ ;z:q ;]gfsf] :yfkgf / Joj:yf,
-v_ ;]gfsf clkm;/ tyf hjfgx¿nfO{ cfo'Qm kb -sldzg_
k|bfg,
-u_ k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm / lghsf] clwsf/, st{Jo /
kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f .
-#_ ;z:q ;]gf ;DaGwL ljw]os jf ;+ zf] wg >L % sf] l;kmfl/; ljgf
;+;bsf] ;bgx¿df k| :t't ul/g] 5}g .
^%= >L % sf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] cjlw M– o; ;+ljwfgåf/f jf o; ;+ljwfg cg';f/
jf tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gdf k|lts"n Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s >L % sf] sd{rf/L >L
% sf] OR5f cg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆg' kbdf jxfn /xg] 5g\ .
^^= dflkm M– >L % af6 s'g} klg Gofoflwsf/L jf ljz]if cbfnt jf P]gåf/f lgo'Qm
clwsf/Låf/f lbOPsf] b08fb]znfO{ dfkmL, ljnDa, d'ntjL, :yug, kl/jt{g jf sd
ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 .
^&= pkfw
pkfwL, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f M– -!_ pkfwL, ;Ddfg of lje"if0fx¿ >L % af6 dfq
k|bfg x'g]5g\ .
36 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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-@_ >L % af6 :jLs[lt lnP/ afx]s g]kfnL gful/sn] s'g} cGo b]zn] lbPsf]
pkfwL, ;Ddfg jf lje"if0fx¿ u| x0f ug{ x'Fb}g .
^*= >L % df lgxLt /fhsLo clwsf/ M– o; ;+ljwfgdf jf tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gdf
Joj:yf ul/Pb]lv afx]ssf >L % df lgxLt c¿ ;Dk"0f{ /fhsLo clwsf/x¿
df};"kmd} lgxLt /x]s f5g\ .
^(= cbfntdf ;jfn hjfkm gx'g] M– >L % af6 df} ;"kmsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/aS;]sf]d f
jf df} ;"kmsf] st{Jo kfng ul/aS;]]d f jf df};"kmaf6 ul/aS;]sf] c¿ s'g} sfdsf
;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf ;jfn hjfkm ul/g] 5}g .
t/ of] wf/fsf] s'g} s'/fn] >L % sf] ;/sf/ jf >L % sf s'g} sd{rf/Lsf]
lj?4 sfo{j fxL rnfpg kfpg] sfg"gn] lbPsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Lldt u/]sf] ;lDemOg]
5}g .
kl/R5]b–@
ljljw Joj:yf
&)= /fi6«efiff M– b]jgful/ lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff g]kfnsf] /fi6«efiff x'g]5 .
&!= ;ky M– ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn x'g] ePsf] JolQmn] >L % k|lt df} ;"kmaf6 lgwf{l/t
¿kdf >4f, lgi7f / jkmfbfl/sf] ;ky lng' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
JofVof / vf/]hL OToflb
&@= kl/efiff M– -!_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf–
-s_ æwf/fÆ eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ ægful/sÆ eGgfn] sfg"gdf eg] cg';f/ g]kfnsf] gful/s
ePsf] s'g} JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ ædtbftfÆ eGgfn] ;+;bsf] ;b:osf] lgjf{rgdf dt lbg
kfpg] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æcfd lgjf{ rgÆ eGgfn] k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf]
lgjf{rg tyf ;+;b lj36g ePkl5 x'g] pk/f]Qm ;b:ox¿sf]
lgjf{rg ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æg]kfnÆ eGgfn] g]kfn clw/fHo ;Demg' k5{ .
37 www.lawcommission.gov.np
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efu–
efu–!)
;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
&%= ;+ljwfg nfu" u/fpg] clwsf/ M– -!_ >L % af6 g]kfn cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg
nufot c¿ s'g} sfg"g jf of] ;+ljwfgdf h] eP tfklg tf]lsPsf] lbgdf of]
;+ljwfgnfO{ nfu" u/fpg h?/t ;lDemaS;]sf] sfd tf]lsPsf] lbg cufl8 k"0f{ ug{sf]
lgldQ k"0ff{lwsf/ df};"kmdf ;+lrt /flvaS;g]5 . df} ;"kmaf6 of] ;+ljwfgsf]
Joj:yfl;t d] n vfg]u/L tf]lsPsf] lbg cufl8 ul/aS;]s f] h'g;'s} sfd o;
38 www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np
;+ljwfg cGtu{t pko'Qm clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] 7xl/g]5 / To;/L ePsf] sfd of]
;+ljwfgsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] lbg kl5 vf/]h ug{], k|lt;+x/0f ug{], ;+zf]wg
ug{] jf kl/jt{g ug{] pQm clwsf/Lsf] clVtof/df afwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPsf] s'/fdf lj/f]w gkg{] u/L of] ;+ljwfg nfu" ug{]
dg;fon] >L % af6 u/LaS;]sf] h'g;'s} lgo'lQm o; ;+ljwfg cGtu{t ePsf]
;lDemOg]5 .
&^= jt{dfg sfg"g hf/L /fVg' / cg's"ngkfg{' M– -!_ P]gn] ;+zf] wg jf vf/]h geP
;Dd g]kfn cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg afx]s g]kfne/ jf g]kfnsf] s'g} efudf tf]lsPsf]
lbg cufl8;Dd nfu" /x]s f ;a} sfg"gx¿ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cg"s"ng / kl/jt{g
ePhlt ;f] ePsf] ¿kdf / To;f] gePdf tf]lsPsf] lbg cufl8 nfu" /x]s f] ¿kdf
rfn" /xg]5 .
t/–wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd k|d fl0ft ul/P afx]ssf
o; ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts" n sfg"g tf]lsPsf] lbgn] tLg jif{ kl5 o; ;+ljwfg;Fu
aflemP hlt :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5g\ .
-@_ g]kfn e/ jf g]kfnsf] s'g} efudf nfu" /x]sf sfg"gx¿ o; ;+ljwfgsf]
Joj:yfsf] cg' ¿k agfpg] clek|fon] >L % af6 cfjZos / Jojxfl/s 7fgL aS;]d f
tf]lsPsf] lbgsf] tLg jif{ leq ;Dd cfb]zåf/f rflxg] hlt dfqfdf cg"s"ng /
kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 . To:tf cfb]z hlxn] ;'s} hf/L ePsf] eP tfklg cfb] z
hf/L x'g' cl3 jf kl5 h'g ldlt b]lv k|f/De x' G5 eGg] ;f] cfb]zdf n]l vPsf] x'G 5
;f] xL ldltb]lv lqmoflzn x'g] 5 .
t/ tf]lsPsf] lbg eGbf cufl8sf] ldlt b]lv lqmoflzn x'g;Sg] 5}g .
&&= afwf c8\
c8sfp
\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/ M– -!_ of] ;+ljwfg sfof{lGjt ug{ s'g} afwf
c8\sfp k/]df ;f] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg >L % af6 cfjZos ;lDemaS;]sf] cfb] z
hf/L ug{ ;lsaS;g]5 / >L % af6 cfjZos tyf jf~5gLo ;lDemaS;] adf]lhd
yk 36 / kl/jt{gsf] ¿kdf ePsf] cg"s"ng adf]lhd cfb]zdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd
of] ;+ljwfgsf pkaGwx¿ rfn" /xg] 5 egL To:tf] cfb] zåf/f lgb{]z ug{
;lsaS;g]5 .
t/– tf]lsPsf] lbgn] b'O{jif{ kl5 o:tf] s'g} cfb]z hf/L x'g]5}g .
39 www.lawcommission.gov.np
www.lawcommission.gov.np
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{ t hf/L ul/Psf] k| To]s cfb] z ;+ ;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf]
;Dd'v /flvg] 5 / P]gåf/f ;+zf]lwt jf vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5 . To;/L ;+ zf] wg jf vf/]h
geP;Dd o;} ;+ljwfgdf k/] ;/x dflgg]5 .
40 www.lawcommission.gov.np