Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Revision
Rev Descriptions Date Approved
0 R0-Issued for approval 11.07.11

225 MW KASHIPUR GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER

PROJECT
PROJECT AT KASHIPUR.
KASHIPUR.

OWNER M/s. SRAVA NTHI ENERGY

ENERGY PVT LTD.

OWNER
M/S.TATA CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED, BANGALORE.
CONSULTANT
EPC M/s. SRAVANTHI INFRATECH PVT
CONTRACTOR LTD (EPC DEVISION)
EPC M/s. TOSHIBA TERMAL AND HYDRO POWER SYSTEM
SYSTEM
CONSULTANT COMPANY TOSHIBA INDIA PVT LTD.
Prepared by 11.07.11
STG RELAY SETTINGS
SRIRANGAN
Checked by 11.07.11 GREENESOL POWER SYSTEMS PVT. LTD.,
# 995, SERVICE ROAD,
ARK
RPC LAYOUT, VIJAYANAGAR,
Approved by 11.07.11 BENGALURU – 560 040.
DJY
CAD File Date: Size Scale Drawing No: P-1113-G60-1-RS
Office: GPSPL NA
Job Number: P-1113

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 1 of 24

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Input Details

Generator data:

Rated Generator output: 100 MVA (80 MW)

Rated voltage between phases: 11.5 kV
Power Factor: 0.8
Rated speed: 3000 rpm
Frequency: 50 Hz
6 3
Current at full load = 100  x 10  / √3 x 11.5 x 10 = 5020.58 A
I2 Capability : 10%
I22t Constant: = 15
Direct axis synchronous reactance X d(UNSAT) : 2.077 p.u
Direct axis synchronous reactance X d(UNSAT) :2.7468 Ohms
Direct axis transient reactance X’d(SAT) : 0.163 p.u
Direct axis transient reactance X’d(SAT) :0.2155 Ohms [(kV 2 / MVA) * p.u)]
Direct axis sub transient reactance X”d(SAT) : 0.103 p.u
Direct axis sub transient reactance X”d(SAT) :0.1362 ohms [(kV 2 / MVA) * p.u)]
Fault current: 80KA
Line-1 length: 18km ACSR DRAKE conductor (To be confirmed by consultant)
Line-2 length: 4km ACSR DRAKE conductor (To be confirmed by consultant)

Neutral grounding Transformer (NGT)

Ratio: 11KV/220V

CT / PT Details
Generator 11.5 kV side, CT ratio: 5500/1 A
GROUND CT RATIO: 50/1 A
Generator PT ratio: 11.5kV/ √ 3/
3/ 110√ 3 V

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Generator Protection

Protection functions Generator Protection system GPR-1 G60 are:

Note: Similar protection functions are enabled in GPR-2 relay a lso.

1. Generator Differential Protection - 87

2. Generator Unbalance Protection – 46
3. Loss of Excitation Protection – 40
4. Under Frequency – 81U
5. Over Frequency – 81O
6. Over Voltage – 59
7. Under Voltage – 27
8. Over Excitation / Over Fluxing Protection – 24
9. Phase Instantaneous O/C Protection – 50P
10. Phase IDMT O/C Protection – 51P
11. Neutral IDMT O/C Protection – 51N
12. Directional Power Protection - 37
13. 100% Stator Ground Fault Protection – 64TN
14. Dead Machine Protection – 50/27
15. System Back-up O/C Protection - 51V
16. Back-up Impedance protection – 21G
17. Pole Slipping Protection (78G)
18. Reverse active power protection (32P)
19. Reverse reactive power protection(32Q)

Protection functions for CDG 11 relay

1. Stand-by Earth fault Protection (51S)

Protection functions for RXNB-4 relay

1. Rotor Earthfault Protection (64F)

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Generator Differential Protection (87)

Relay Type - G60

Make - GE MULTILIN

Calculation
The differential current pickup setting can be set as low as 5% of rated generator current, to
provide protection for as much of the winding as possible. Thus, to obtain maximum sensitivity,
the differential pickup current is chosen as 0.05 P.U.

The percentage differential element has a dual slope characteristic.

The “through current” is adjusted to compensate for CT ratio error mismatch and CT response via
a dual slope characteristic typically as shown below.

Slope 1, set at 15% starting from 0.04 (Restrain Current) as shown below.
The STATOR DIFF BREAK 1 setting should greater than the maximum overload expected for the
machine, so it is set at 1.25 PU

Slope 2, set at 80 %.
The STATOR DIFF BREAK 2 setting is set at 3 PU.

6.0

5.0

   ) 4.0
   T Operating
   C
   f Region
  o Slope 2
  s
  e 3.0
   l 80 %
  p
   i
   t
   l
  u
   M
   ( 2.
  e
   t 0 Restraint
  a
  r Region
  e
Slope 1
  p 15 %
   O 1.0
   I
0.5 Minimum Pickup = 0.5

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

I Restraint (Multiples of CT)

Fig-1

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Protection Setting

Sl Protection Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks

No Function Setting
1 Stator Differential
Pickup 0.05 to 1 p.u in 0.001 p.u steps. 0.05
Slope 1 1 - 100% in 1% steps. 15%
Break 1 1 to 1.5 p.u in 0.01 p.u steps. 1.25
Slope 2
1 - 100% IN 1% STEPS 80%

1.5 to 30 p.u 0.01 p.u steps 3.00 p.u

Break 2

Generator Unbalance Protection (46)

Calculation

System Details:

Asymmetrical short circuit performance is given by I 22 t = 10

Continuous negative sequence capability = 8%
CT Ratio = 5500/1

The generator nominal current

Inom (p.u) = (Inom primary) / CT Primary
= 5020.4/5500
= 0.912 P.U
Recommended settings:
Stage 1
Pickup = 100% x I 2 capability
= 1.0 x 8%
= 8 % of FLC
= 8%

The minimum operate time of Stage 1 = 0.2seconds

The maximum operating time = 600 seconds

Stage 2 is typically set lower than Stage 1 with a time delay to prevent nuisance alarms for
external faults that are normally cleared by system protection.
Stage 2 pickup = 5.6% (70% of I 2 capability) with time delay of 10 sec.

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Protection Setting

Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks

No Setting
1 GEN UNBAL INOM 0.000 to 1.250 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.912
Stage 1 Pickup 0.00 to 100.00% in steps of 0.01 8%
Stage 1 K-Value 0.00 to 100.00 in steps of 0.01 10 Stage 1
Stage 1 Tmin 0.000 to 50.000 s in steps of 0.001 0.2 s for
Stage 1 Tmax 0.0 to 1000.0 s in steps of 0.1 600.0 s 86BTrip
Stage 1 K-Reset 0.0 to 1000.0 s in steps of 0.1 240.0 s
Stage 2 Pickup 0.05 to 30.00 p.u in steps of 0.01 5.6% Stage 2
Stage 2 Pickup 0.0 to 1000.0 s in steps of 0.1 10 s for 86C
Delay Trip

Loss of Excitation Protection (40)

This protection is applicable when the unit is running in Generator Mode.

Calculation
Xd = 2.077 pu
X’d = 0.163 pu
MVA = 100
CTR/PTR = (5500 / 1) x (110/11500) = 52.6
Zbase (sec) = (base kV2 / base MVA) x (CT ratio / VT ratio)
= (11.5 kV 2 / 100 MVA) x (5500/ 104.5) = 69.63 Ω

X’d (sec) =X’d x Zb

= 0.163 ×69.63 = 11.34Ω

Xd (sec) = Xd x Zb
= 2.077 ×69.63 =144.62 Ω

CENTER 1 = (Z base (sec) + X’d (sec) ) / 2 = (69.63 Ω + 11.34 Ω) /2 = 40.48Ω

RADIUS 1 = Zbase (sec)/2 = (69.63 Ω) /2 = 34.81 Ω
PICKUP DELAY 1 = 0.06 seconds
The stage 1 element should be time delayed to allow for blocking by the VT fuse failure element
(50mS)

CENTER 2 = (Xd (sec)+ X’d (sec)) / 2 = (144.62 Ω+11.34 Ω) /2= 77.98Ω

RADIUS 2 = X d (sec)/ 2= (144.62)/2 = 72.31 Ω

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

During stable Power swing conditions the positive-sequence impedance may

momentarily enter the stage 2 characteristics. For security of the function under such
conditions, it is recommended to delay stage2 by a minimum of 0.5 seconds

FIG-2
Protection Setting

Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks

No Setting
Center 1 0.10 to 300.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 40.48
Radius 1 0.10 to 300.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 34.81
UV Supervision Disabled, Enabled Enabled
Pickup Delay 1 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.01 0.06

Center 2 0.10 to 300.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 77.98

Radius 2 0.10 to 300.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 72.31
UV Supervision Disabled, Enabled Disabled

Pickup Delay 2 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.01 0.5

UV Supervision 0.000 to 1.250 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.7

BLOCK Flex logic VT FUSE FAIL

Under Frequency Protection (81U)

Rated frequency is 50 Hz

UNDERFREQUENCY 1
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Recommended Remarks
No Relay Setting
1 Min Volt/Amp 0.10 to 1.25 p.u in steps 0.5 To Trip 86C
of 0.01

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Pickup 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps 47.5
of 0.01

Pickup Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0.5 sec

of 0.001

Reset Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0 sec

of 0.001

UNDERFREQUENCY 2
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Recommended Remarks
No Relay Setting
1 Min Volt/Amp 0.10 to 1.25 p.u in steps 0.5 To Trip 86B
of 0.01
Pickup 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps 47.5
of 0.01

Pickup Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 3 sec

of 0.001

Reset Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0 sec

of 0.001

Over Frequency Protection (81O)

Stage -1

Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Recommended Remarks

No Relay Setting
1 Min Volt/Amp 0.10 to 1.25 p.u in steps 0.5 To Trip 86C
of 0.01
Pickup 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps 52.5
of 0.01

Pickup Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0.5 sec

of 0.001

Reset Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0 sec

of 0.001

BLOCK Flex logic

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Stage-2

Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Recommended Remarks

No Relay Setting
1 Min Volt/Amp 0.10 to 1.25 p.u in steps 0.5 To Trip 86B
of 0.01
Pickup 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps 52.5
of 0.01

Pickup Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 3 sec

of 0.001

Reset Delay 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps 0 sec

of 0.001

BLOCK Flex logic

Over Voltage Protection (59)

These settings are used as backup for failure of AVR or other regulators. The time settings should
also be depended on the withstand levels of the machine

Calculations:
Trip stage-1 & 2 110 % of the rated Voltage

Protection Setting – Stage-1

Sl Protection Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Function Setting
Pickup 0.000 to 3.000 p.u in steps of 0.001 1.1 p.u To TRIP 86C
Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 0.5 s
Reset Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 1.00 s

Stage-2 (Flex Elements-1, 2 & 3)

Sl Protection Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Function Setting
Pickup -90 to 90 p.u in steps of 0.001 1.1 p.u To TRIP 86B
Delay 0.00 to 65.50 s in steps of 0.001 3.00 s

Under Voltage Protection (27)

Calculations:
Trip stage-1 & 2 90 % of the rated Voltage

Under Voltage stage 1

Sl Protection Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks

No Function Setting

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
1 Mode Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase Phase to Phase To Trip 86C

Pickup 0.000 to 3.000 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.90 p.u

Curve Definite Time, Inverse Time Definite Time

Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 0.50 s

Min Volt 0.000 to 3.000 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.100 p.u

Under Voltage stage 2

Sl Protection Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks

No Function Setting
1 Mode Phase to Ground, Phase to Phase Phase to Phase To Trip 86B

Pickup 0.000 to 3.000 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.90 p.u

Curve Definite Time, Inverse Time Definite Time

Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01 3.00 s

Min Volt 0.000 to 3.000 p.u in steps of 0.001 0.100 p.u

Over Excitation Protection (24)

Calculations:
Rated Generator Voltage: 11.5 kV, 50 Hz
Ratio of the voltage transformer: 11500/ √ 3/110/ √ 3
Rated generator secondary voltage: 63.5
Rated generator V/Hz on secondary side: 63.5/50 = 1.27 V/Hz.
With max. Permissible continuous over excitation 105% (assumed)

Definite Time Element (ALARM SETTING):

Minimum Pickup Level = 1.06 x 1.27 = 1.3462 PU (106 %)
Independent Time Delay= 3 s

Inverse Time Element (TRIP SETTING):

Select setting 110 % of rated generator V/Hz.
Minimum Pickup Level = 1.1 x 1.27 V/Hz = 1.397 PU

Protection Setting
VOLTS PER HERTZ 1 (Stage-1)
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay  Recommended Remarks
No Setting
1 Pickup 0.80 to 4.00 p.u in steps of 1.35 ALARM
0.01

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
2 Definite Time, Inverse A, Definite time
CURVES
Inverse B, Inverse C, 3 seconds
Flex Curve A, Flex Curve B

3 0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01

TD MULTIPLIER
4 T Reset 0.0 to 1000.0 s in steps of 0.1 1 second

VOLTS PER HERTZ 2 (Stage-2)

Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Setting
1 Pickup 0.80 to 4.00 p.u in steps of 1.4 To TRIP 86B
0.01

2 Curves Definite Time, Inverse A, Inverse B

Inverse B, Inverse C,
Flex Curve A, Flex Curve B

3 TD Multiplier 0.05 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01 3 sec

4 T Reset 0.0 to 1000.0 s in steps of 0.1 0.1sec

Generator Phase Instantaneous O/C (IOC) Protection (50P)

The phase instantaneous overcurrent element is used as an instantaneous element with no

intentional delay or as a Definite Time element. The input current is the fundamental phasor
magnitude.
The setting is selected to protect for fault at or near generator terminals.

Calculation
Phase Instantaneous Over Current
Max. Fault current of Generator = 48741.74A (i.e 5020.4 / 0.103)

Therefore we have chosen the trip setting as 30% of the total fault value for protecting the
generator windings. i.e 48741x0.3 = 14622.52A. When it is converted into secondary we get
14622.52 / 5020.4 = 2.91 p.u

PROTECTION SETTING
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Setting
Pickup 0.000 to 30.000 p.u in steps of 2.91 p.u
0.001
Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of
0
0.01

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Reset Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0
0.01

Generator Phase time O/C (TOC) Protection (51P)

This protection is implemented using a Phase TOC element.

The pickup of this element is set at a safe margin above the maximum load expected on the
machine.

Pickup = 1.1 x Generator Nominal Current

CT Primary

= 1.1 x 5020.4
5500

= 1.004P.U

The equation for IEC Curve-A is as follows:

T = TDM x K
I E
I Pick up -1

Where, I= Input current, I Pickup =Relay Setting current, K = 0.14(constant), E = 0.020

(constant) and Considered operating time for a three phase fault on the HV side of
transformer as 0.50s (to be confirmed by customer).
0.50
TDM = 0.14
8.86  0.02
1.004 - 1

TDM = 0.16

Protection setting

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Available Setting Recommended Setting
Function Enabled, Disable Enabled
Input Phasor, RMS Phasor
Pickup 0.00 to 30.00pu in steps of 0.001 1.004 P.U
Curve IEC Curve-A
TD Multiplier 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01 0.16
Reset Instantaneous, Timed Instantaneous
Voltage Restraint Disabled, Enabled Disabled
Target Self-reset, Latched, Disabled Latched
Events Disabled, Enabled Enabled

Directional Power
Low Forward Power (37)

Assuming 10% as the minimum power below which the generator should trip on turbine faults, we
get: 10% of 80MW = 0.1 X 80 = 8 MW

Smin = Minimum operating Power (PW)

3 X Phase CT Primary X Phase VT Ratio X Phase VT Sec

= 8MW

3 X 5500 X 104 X 63.5

= 0.073 P.U

Smin = - 0.0734 P.U (For Low forward power S MIN < 0. Refer ‘b’ diagram below)
Delay = 3 seconds
RCA = 180 ˚

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Available setting Sensitive Power 1 Sensitive Power 2

Sensitive 0 to 359° in steps of 1 180˚ 270 ˚

Directional Power
RCA
Stage 1 SMIN –1.200 to 1.200 pu in steps - 0.0734 p.u 0.0743 p.u
of 0.001
Stage 1 Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps 3 seconds 2 seconds
of 0.01
Stage 2 SMIN –1.200 to 1.200 pu in steps 0.0743 p.u NA
of 0.001
Stage 2 Delay 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps 2 seconds NA
of 0.01
Block VT FUSE FAIL OP VT FUSE FAIL OP

100% Stator Ground Fault Protection (64TN)

This element has two stages, stage 1 to Trip the machine & stage 2 for Alarm. Set the pickup to
0.15 for both stages to provide adequate overlap with the Auxiliary voltage element. Set stage 1
to 0.375V secondary (this value may be increased fo r security in particularly noisy environments).
Stage 2 is typically set at 0.3 V secondary. The supervision settings are expressed in per unit of
the Nominal phase VT secondary setting. The time delay settings are 5 seconds for stage 1 and 1
second for stage 2 elements respectively

This protection will be set after measurement of third harmonic voltage generated by the
machine at various loads.

Calculation

Stage-1 supervision = 0.375/63.5V = 0.0059 p.u

Stage-2 supervision = 0.300/63.5V = 0.0047 p.u

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Protection Setting

Available setting Recommended setting

Stage 1 Pickup 0.000 to 0.250 p.u in steps 0.15 p.u
of 0.001
Stage 1 Pickup 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps 5 seconds
delay of 0.01 s
Stage 1 supv 0.0010 to 0.1000 p.u in 0.0059 p.u
steps of 0.0001 p.u
Stage 2 Pickup 0.000 to 0.250 p.u in steps 0.15 p.u
of 0.001
Stage 2 Pickup 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps 1 seconds
delay of 0.01 s
Stage 2 supv 0.0010 to 0.1000 p.u in 0.0047 p.u
steps of 0.0001 p.u

Dead Machine Protection (50/27)

PROTECTION SETTING
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Setting
Accdnt Enrg Arming UV or Offline / UV & Offline UV & Offline
Mode
Accdnt Enrg OC pickup 0.00 to 3.00 p.u in steps of
1.0
0.01
Accdnt Enrg UV pickup 0.00 to 3.00 p.u in steps of 0.7
0.01
Accdnt Enrg Offline OFF, ON OFF

Back-up Impedance protection (21G)

Generator Trafo. Impedance @ 11.5 kV base = 11.52 x 0.125

95

= 0.174 Ohm

Generator Transformer Impedance x 0.8 = 0.174 x 0.8

= 0.1392

Secondary Impedance = 0.1392 x CT ratio

PT ratio

= 0.1392 x 52.60

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
= 7.3231 Ohm

Line Backup impedance protection setting

Line Positive sequence impedance / km = 0.3Ohm (Assumed. Exact to be given by customer).

Line Voltage = 230kV

Line-1 Length = 18km

Line-2 Length = 4km

Total Line-1 Impedance (Z L1) = 0.3 x 18 = 5.4 Ohm

Total Line-2 Impedance (Z L2) = 0.3 x 4= 1.2 Ohm

Total Impedance on 230kV Base = Z L1*ZL2 / ZL1 + ZL2

= 0.981 Ohm

Impedance on 11.5 kV base = Impedance on 230kV base x 11.5 2

2302
= 0.9818 x 11.52
2302

= 0.002450 Ohm

Total Impedance = (Line Impedance + Transformer Impedance) x 1.1

= 0.00245 + 0.0.174 x 1.1

= 0.1940 Ohm

Total Secondary Impedance = 0.1940  x CT ratio

PT ratio

= 0.1940  x 52.60
= 10.20 Ohm

Generator Impedance = Xd x VL2

MVA

= j2.077 x 11.52
100

= j 2.746 Ohm

Zone 3 = (1.2 x Generator Impedance x CTR) / PTR

= (1.2 x j3.02 x 5500) / 110

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
= j164.80 Ohm

Available Setting Recommended Recommended Setting for

Setting for Zone-1 Zone-3
Function Enabled, Disabled Enabled Enabled
Function Forward, Reverse, Non- Forward Reverse
Directional
Xfmr Vol Dy1, Dy3, Dy5, Dy7, Dy9, Dy1 None
connection Dy11, Yd1, Yd3, Yd5, Yd7,
Yd9, Yd11
Xfmr Cur Dy1, Dy3, Dy5, Dy7, Dy9, Dy1 None
connection Dy11, Yd1, Yd3, Yd5, Yd7,
Yd9, Yd11
Reach 0.02 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 10.20 Ohm 164.80 Ohm
0.01
Delay 0.000 to 65.535s in steps of 5.00s 100ms (considering Back-
0.001 up protection for Gen. Diff)

Back-up Impedance should have time delay marginally higher than the longest time delay employed in any of
the protection system which is tripping the Generator CB.

Pole Slipping protection / Power Swing Blocking (78G)

The out of step protection is used to detect a loss of synchronism of the generator. The
impedance locus is measured as compared with blinders and MHO circle.

SGnom = 100 MVA

UGnom = 11.5 KV

IGnom = SGnom = 5020.6A

√3. UGnom

Generator nominal impedance in Primary value

XGnom = UGnom2 = 1.3225Ω

SGnom

Secondary impedance calculated from primary impedance, CT generator neutral end ratio
and VT output ratio.

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XGsec = XGpri .  CTRatio = 69.53Ω
VTRatio

Generator synchronous reactance in p.u. value

Xd = 2.077

Primary impedance calculated from nominal (generator) voltage and nominal apparent
power

Xdprim = Xd . UGnom2 = 2.745Ω

SGnom

Secondary impedance calculated from primary impedance, CT generator neutral end ratio
and VT output ratio.

Xdsec = Xdprim . CTratio = 144.42Ω

PTratio

Generator transient reactance in P.U. value

Xd’ = 0.187

Primary impedance from nominal (generator) voltage and nominal apparent power

Xd’prim = Xd’ . UGnom2 = 0.247Ω

SGnom

Secondary impedance calculated from primary impedance, CT generator neutral end ratio
and VT output ratio.

Xd’sec = Xd’prim . CTratio =13.008Ω

PTratio

Transformer impedance in p.u. value

Uk = 12.5% = 0.125 p.u

Primary impedance calculated from nominal (generator) voltage and nominal apparent
power

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 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
ZTprim = Uk . U2LVnom = 0.181Ω
STnom

Secondary impedance calculated from primary impedance and CT generator output ratio.

ZTsec =ZTprim . CTratio = 9.872Ω

PTratio

The protective function operates if the impedance locus crosses first the right blinder and within a
time delay the left blinder.

Generator Impedance

The generator impedance is equal to the transient reactance:

Zg = j.Xd’sec = 16.418iΩ

Transformer Impedance

The transformer impedance is equal to the short circuit impedance:

Zt = j.ZTsec = 9.872iΩ

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External system Impedance

Zsext = 3.97Ω. exp (j.86 deg) (Assumed. Customer to give the exact value)

The impedance is based on 220KV and has to be adapted to the generator voltage,

Zs = Zsext . U2Gnom . CTR = 0.541Ω

(220KV)2  PTR

System Impedance:

Z = Zg + Zt + Zs = 0.0135 + 26.829iΩ

MHO Characteristic s

The forward reach is calculated with the transformer impedance as following:

Reach =150%

Fwdreach = |Reach.Zt| = 14.805Ω

The forward angle is equal to the angle of the system impedance as following:

Fwdrca = arg(Z) = 89.97 ˚

The reverse reach is calculated with the generator impedance as following:

Reach=200%

Revreach = |Reach.Zg| = 32.836Ω

The reverse angle is equal to the angle of the generator impedance

Revrca = arg(Zg) = 90˚

Blinder Calculation

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 20 of 24

 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,

Outer Blinder

The outer blinder is calculated with the system angle as following:

Θout = 60 ˚

The offset between the right and left blinder is calculated according the picture above as following:

180  - Θout
˚

tan 2
Offsetout = . |Z| = 46.46 Ω
sin (arg(Z))

With this offset the position of the right and left blinder is as following:

180  - Θout
˚

tan 2 |Z| |Zg|

Blinder outright = . + = 23.24 Ω
sin (arg(Z)) 2 tan(arg(Z))

Blinder outleft  = Offsetout - Blinder outright = 23.22 Ω

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 21 of 24

 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Inner Blinder

The inner Blinder is calculated with the system angle as following:

Θin = 120˚

The offset between the right and left blinder is calculated according the picture above as following:

180  - Θin
˚

tan 2
Offsetin = . |Z| = 15.50 Ω
sin (arg(Z))

With this offset the position of the right and left blinder is as following:

180  - Θin
˚

tan 2 |Z| |Zg|

Blinder intright = . + = 7.75 Ω
sin (arg(Z)) 2 tan(arg(Z))

Blinder inleft = Offsetin – Blinder inright = 7.75 Ω

PROTECTION SETTING
Sl Protection Function Setting Available in the Relay Recommended Remarks
No Setting
Power Swing Shape Mho, Quad Mho
Power Swing Mode Two step, Three step
TWO STEP
Power Swing Supv 0.050 to 30.00 p.u in steps of 0.6
0.001
Power Swing Fwd Rch 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 14.8
0.01
Power Swing Quad Fwd 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Rch 0.01
Power Swing Quad Fwd 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Rch Mid 0.01
Power Swing Quad Fwd 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Rch Out 0.01
Power Swing Fwd RCA 40 to 90Deg. in steps of 1 89.97
Power Swing Rev Reach 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 32.8
0.01
Power Swing Quad Rev 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Rch Mid 0.01
Power Swing Quad Rev 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Rch Out 0.01
Power Swing Rev RCA 40 to 90Deg. in steps of 1 90

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 22 of 24

 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Power Swing Outer Limit 40 to 140Deg. in steps of 1 60
Angle
Power Swing Middle 40 to 140Deg. in steps of 1 90
Limit Angle
Power Swing Inner Limit 40 to 140Deg. in steps of 1 120
Angle
Power Swing Outer Rgt 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 23.24
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Outer Lft 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 23.22
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Middle Rgt 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Middle Lft 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of -
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Inner Rgt 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 7.75
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Inner Lft 0.1 to 500.00 Ohm in steps of 7.75
Bld 0.01
Power Swing Pickup 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.03
Delay 1 0.001
Power Swing Reset 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.05
Delay 1 0.001
Power Swing Pickup 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.017
Delay 2 0.001
Power Swing Pickup 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.009
Delay 3 0.001
Power Swing Pickup 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.017
Delay 4 0.001
Power Swing Seal-in 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.4
Delay 0.001
Power Swing Trip mode Early, Delayed Early
Power Swing Blk Flex logic operand off
Power Swing target Self reset, latched, disabled Self-reset

Stand-by Earth fault relay (51S)

Relay Type - Electromagnetic relay

Make - GE MULTILIN

Available setting Recommended setting

Pickup 0.1 to 2.4 x In 0.10 x In
Curve Standard Inverse
TDM 0.05 to 2.00 0.1

Rotor Earthfault relay (64F)

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 23 of 24

 Greenesol Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.,
Relay Type - RXNB4
Make - ABB

Available setting Recommended setting

Stage-1 **5000 Ohm
Delay 3 secs.
Stage-2 **2000 Ohm
Delay 2 secs.

Note: **-To be checked and decided at site.

Doc No: P-1113-G60-1-RS Rev:00 Page 24 of 24