24.

Pile Cap Design

Given: Find : Spacing S
Loads on pile cap

Psls = 1PDL + 1PLL + 1 PLr Psls = 550kN

Pu = 1.2PDL + 1.6PLL + 0.5 PLr Pu = 660kN (ACI.9.2)

Mux = 1.2MDx + 1.6MLx + 0.5 MLrx Mux = −6kN m (ACI.9.2)

Muy = 1.2MDy + 1.6MLy + 0.5 MLry Muy = 8kN m (ACI.9.2)

Depth of foundation H = 1.5m

Assume Thickness of Pile Cap h = 500 mm

Stump Column Size bc = 200mm hc = 300mm

Diameters of main bar db = 16 mm

Diameter of shrinkage rebar dsh = 16 mm

Material f'c = 25MPa fy = 390MPa

Side of Pile D = 200mm L = 5 m

Piles Head Clear hpile = 100 mm

Clear Cover for Pile Cap CL = 50 mm

Solution Reference

Modification factor for type of concrete

λ= λ=1 (ACI 8.6.1)

αs = αs = 40 (ACI.11.11.2.1)

Allowable bearing capacity of pileQa = 150kN

Require and Location of Pile

Effective bearing capacity of pile

kN 2
Qe = Qa − 20  ( 3 D)  H
3
m

Qe = 139.2 kN

Number of piles require

Psls
n = = 3.951
Qe

Required number of piles N = ceil ( n) = 4

 Location of Pile

 −0.3   0.3 
   
X = m Y = m
0.3 0.3
 −0.3   −0.3 
   
 0.3   −0.3 

Dimension of pile cap

L = ( max ( Y) + 1.5D)  2 = 1.2 m

B = ( max ( X) + 1.5D)  2 = 1.2 m

 L   1.2 
  =   m
 B   1.2 

 −B  L
B  L
1   1  
X0 =   B  Y0 =   −L 
2  2 
−B  −L 
   
 −B  L
 1

0.5

−1 − 0.5 0 0.5 1

− 0.5

−1
Location of Pile
Checking for pile reaction

Load on Pile Cap

Pu = 660 kN

Mux = −6 kN m

Muy = 8 kN m

n = rows ( X)
n=4 i = 1 .. n

 Pu Muy Xi Mux Yi 
Ri = + +  if N  3
n i i 
 ( Xk) 
( Yk) 
2 2
 
 k=1 k=1 
Pu Muy Xi
+ if N = 2
n i

 ( Xk) 2
k=1
  118.333 
 
R=  168.333 
 kN
 162.778 
 
 176.667 

Maximum Load on Piles

Rmax = max ( R) Rmax = 176.667 kN

Design bearing capacity of pile

Pu
Qu = Qa = 180 kN > Rmax = 176.667 kN
Psls

Dept of Pile Cap

h = 500 mm
Effective dept of Pile Cap

 db 
d = h −  hpile + CL +  = 342 mm
 2
d
Check Punching Shear from face of Column distance = 171 mm
2

0.5

−1 − 0.5 0 0.5 1

− 0.5

−1
Critical Section for Punching Shear
  
 hc + d bc + d 
Inside =  X <  Y < 
 2 2 

0 
 
Inside =  
0
0 
 
0 

1 

 
Outside =  
1
Outside = ( Inside)
1 
 
1 
ninside =
 Inside ninside = 0

noutside =
 Outside noutside = 4

Punching shear

Vu =
 R − R Inside Vu = 626.111 kN

Punching shear strength

Perimeter of Critical Section

( ) (
b0 =  bc + d + hc + d   2
  )
b0 = 2368 mm
Strength reduction factor Shear ϕ = 0.75 (ACI.9.3.2.3)

Ratio of Long side to short side of the column

hc
β = β = 1.5
bc
Punching shear strength is the minimum of : (ACI.11.11.2)

 f'c 
ϕVc1 = ϕ 0.17  1 +
2
 λ MPa  b  d = 1204.661 kN
  β MPa 0 

  αs d  f'c 
ϕVc2 = ϕ 0.083  + 2  λ MPa  b0 d = 1960.337 kN
 
  b0 
MPa

f'c
ϕVc3 = ϕ 0.33 λ MPa  b  d = 1002.197 kN
MPa 0

(
ϕVc = min ϕVc1 , ϕVc2 , ϕVc3 )
ϕVc = 1002.197 kN > Vu = 626.111 kN

Check of two way shear = "OK" if ϕVc  Vu

"NG" otherwise

Check of two way shear = "OK"

0.5

−1 − 0.5 0 0.5 1

− 0.5

−1
Critical Section for One-way Shear
 0 
  hc   
nx = X >  d +  nx =  
0
  2  0 
 
0 
0 
 
  bc 
ny =  
0
ny = Y >  d + 
  2  0 
 
0 
 118.333 
 
R=  168.333 
 kN
 162.778 
 
 176.667 

Design of One-way Shear in axis X

One-way Shear in axis X


Vux =
( )
R nx = 0 kN

One-way Shear Strength

f'c
ϕVcx = ϕ 0.17MPa  B d (ACI.11.2.1.1)
MPa

ϕVcx = 261.63 kN > Vux = 0 kN

One-way Shear Strength in axis X = "Enough" if ϕVcx  Vux

"Inlarge the Section" otherwise

One-way Shear Strength in axis X = "Enough"

Calculate the bending moment and steel reinforcement in along axis X

Design Reinforcement in along axis B = 1.2 m

Bending Moment about axis Y

1 
 
 hc 
Left =  
0
Left = X < − 
2 1 
 
0 
0 
 
 hc 
Right =  
1
Right = X >  
2 0 
 
1 

  hc 
Mleft =
 R Left  X −  = 42.167 kN m
  2 

 
  hc  
Mright =
 R Right  X −   = 51.75 kN m
  2 

( )
My = max Mleft , Mright = 51.75 kN m

Design Reinforcement and Spacing Provide

Width of Pile Cap b = L = 1.2 m

Rebar dimeter db = 16 mm

π db
2
Areas As1 =
4
Effective depth of Pile Cap

 db 
d = h −  hpile + CL +  = 342 mm
 2
Equivalent depth factor

β1 = 0.85 if f'c  28 MPa (ACI.10.2.7.3)

  f'c − 28 MPa 

0.85 − 0.05   if 28 MPa < f'c  55 MPa
  7 MPa 
0.65 otherwise

β1 = 0.85

Minimum tesion reinforcement ratio

 f'c 
 0.25MPa 
 MPa 1.4MPa 
ρmin1 = max , (ACI.10.5.1)
 fy fy 
 
Maximum tension reinforcement ratio

εu = 0.003 (ACI.10.2.3)

f'c εu
ρmax = 0.85 β1  = 0.0174 (ACI.10.3.5)
fy εu + 0.005

Total tension reinforcement ratio

My
Ry = = 0.41 MPa
2
0.9 b d
f'c  Ry 
ρ = 0.85  1 − 1 − 2  = 0.00106
fy  0.85 f'c 
 
4
ρmin2 = ρ (ACI.10.5.3)
3

(
ρmin = min ρmin1 , ρmin2 )
 Reinforcement areas require

As = ρmin b d if ρ < ρmin

ρ b d otherwise
2
As = 580.449 mm

As
Number of Rebars n = = 2.887
As1
b − 2 50 mm
Spacing Require s = s = 381.029 mm
n

Spacing Provide sy = Floor ( s , 10mm) sy = 380 mm

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement at top

2
As.t = 0.0018 b h = 1080 mm

π dsh
2
2
As0 = = 2.011 cm
4
 As.t 
nt = ceil  
As0
 
b − 2 50 mm
st_y = Floor  , 10mm st_y = 180 mm
nt
 

Design of One-way Shear in axis Y

One-way Shear in axis Y

 db 
d = h −  hpile + CL + db +  = 326 mm
 2 

Vuy =
( )
R ny = 0 kN
 One-way Shear Strength

f'c
ϕVcy = ϕ 0.17MPa  L d (ACI.11.2.1.1)
MPa

ϕVcy = 249.39 kN > Vuy = 0 kN

One-way Shear Strength in axis Y = "Enough" if ϕVcy  Vuy

"Inlarge the Section" otherwise

One-way Shear Strength in axis Y = "Enough"

Calculate the bending moment and steel reinforcement in along axis Y

Design Reinforcement in along axis L = 1.2 m

Bending Moment about axis X

0 
 
 bc 
Bottom =  
0
Bottom = Y < − 
2 1 
 
1 
1 
 
 bc 
Top =  
1
Top = Y >  
2 0 
 
0 
 
  bc 
Mbottom =
 R Bottom  Y −  = 67.889 kN m
  2 


  bc  
Mtop =
 R Top  Y −   = 57.333 kN m
  2 

( )
Mx = max Mbottom , Mtop = 67.889 kN m
Design Reinforcement and Spacing Provide

Width of Pile Cap b = B = 1.2 m

Rebar dimeter db = 16 mm

π db
2
Areas As1 =
4

Effective depth of Pile Cap

 db 
d = h −  hpile + CL + db +  = 326 mm
 2 

Equivalent depth factor

β1 = 0.85 if f'c  28 MPa (ACI.10.2.7.3)

  f'c − 28 MPa 

0.85 − 0.05   if 28 MPa < f'c  55 MPa
  7 MPa 
0.65 otherwise

β1 = 0.85

Minimum tesion reinforcement ratio

 f'c 
 0.25MPa 
 MPa 1.4MPa 
ρmin1 = max , (ACI.10.5.1)
 fy fy 
 
 Maximum tension reinforcement ratio

εu = 0.003 (ACI.10.2.3)

f'c εu
ρmax = 0.85 β1  = 0.0174 (ACI.10.3.5)
fy εu + 0.005

Total tension reinforcement ratio

Mx
Rx = = 0.591 MPa
2
0.9 b d

f'c  Rx 
ρ = 0.85  1 − 1 − 2  = 0.00154
fy  0.85 f'c 
 
4
ρmin2 = ρ (ACI.10.5.3)
3

(
ρmin = min ρmin1 , ρmin2 )
Reinforcement areas require

As = ρmin b d if ρ < ρmin

ρ b d otherwise

2
As = 802.393 mm

As
Number of Rebars n = = 3.991
As1
b − 2 50 mm
Spacing Require s = s = 275.636 mm
n

Spacing Provide sx = Floor ( s , 10mm) sx = 270 mm

Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement at top
2
As.t = 0.0018 b h = 1080 mm

π dsh
2
2
As0 = = 2.011 cm
4
 As.t 
nt = ceil  
As0
 
b − 2 50 mm
st_y = Floor  , 10mm st_y = 180 mm
nt
 

Checking Development Length

Lx  ld and Ly  ld
Where
L  hc 
Lx = −  + CL = 0.4 m
2 2 
B  bc 
Ly = −  + CL  = 0.45 m
2 2  

 fy ψt ψe ψs λ 

ld =    db
 1.1 f'  cb + K 
tr 
c
  
db
  
 So db = 16 mm f'c = 25 MPa fy = 390 MPa

ψt = 1.0 ψe = 1.0 ψs = 0.8 if db  20mm λ = 1.0

1.0 otherwise
db
cb = CL + = 58 mm
2
 cb + Ktr  
Ktr = 0 Term = 1.5 max   min 2.5 = 2.5
 db  
 fy ψt ψe ψs λ  
ld = max    db , 300mm = 363.055 mm
 f'c Term  
 1.1MPa  
 MPa  

Lx  ld  Ly  ld = 1

Design area of dowel bar and Development of dowel reinforcement

The minimum reinforcement of dowel bar is As = 0.5% Ac and at least 4 No

2
Ac = bc hc = 600 cm

2
As = 0.005 Ac = 3 cm

db = 18mm

π db
2
2
As = 4 = 10.179 cm
4

 0.24 db fy 0.043 

ldc = max   ,  db fy , 200mm  = 336.96 mm
 MPa f'c MPa 
 
 MPa 