5 Highly Effective

Strategies for
Creating Engaging
E-Learning
Table of Introduction 4
Contents How To Build A Compelling
Visual Experience 6
Color
Contrast
Repetition
Alignment
Balance
Style

How To Add Meaningful

Interactions 23
Discovery
Questions
Problem-Solving
Contextual Relevance
Decision Points
Consequences
Overcoming Objections

How To Let Learners

Pull Content 39
The Pull Structure
Meeting Learning Objectives
Locking Navigation
Table of How to Engage More Senses
With Video 49
Contents
Equipment
Environment
Preparation
Special tips for screencasts
Interactive video

How To Add Fun Gaming

Elements 59
The Secret Formula

Where You Go From Here 66

 Introduction
Introduction 4

Your supervisor drops two hundred pages of workplace safety rules and
regulations on your desk. On top, you find a cheerful note, “Please turn
this into online training for our accident investigators, pronto. And try
to make it interesting!”

If you want to run for the hills, you’re not alone.

We asked 3,100 e-learning developers about the biggest challenges they

face in their jobs. More than half said it’s hard for them to make dry
information engaging to their learners. And learners have noticed. We
surveyed 530 learners on their e-learning experiences, and nearly 40%
said, “I get bored.”

When you consider how important engagement is to the learning

process, that’s a pretty big problem. After all, we learn and remember
what attracts our interest and attention.1

Plus, who wants to create tedious courses? No one!

For years, only people with programming skills had a prayer of

overcoming this challenge. That’s no longer the case. With recent
advances in technology, every e-learning developer can create courses
that engage learners. That’s worth repeating: Every e-learning developer
can create courses that engage learners. And you don’t need a huge
budget to do it.

1
U.S. Department of Education: Learning: Engage and Empower.
Introduction 5

You can create e-learning experiences that engage learners by following

these five highly effective strategies:

• Build a compelling visual experience.

• Add meaningful interactions.
• Let learners “pull” content.
• Engage more senses with video.
• Add fun gaming elements.

Ready to learn how to do it all? Let’s go.

 How To Build A
Compelling Visual
Experience
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
How 7

You’ve heard the old adage, “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” It’s true
that the most tattered, sorry-looking book can hold delightful, exciting
stories inside. But it takes a big act of faith to crack that worn book open.
Given a choice, most of us would grab a gorgeously designed hardcover
instead. We can’t help but infer that the quality of the design reflects
the quality of the content. As much as we’d all like to think that we don’t
judge on looks, we do. And we do it in an instant.

That’s not to say that we can’t or shouldn’t strive to overcome our

prejudices. Of course we should. Can’t you just hear your mother
reminding you that the oddball in your class could be the coolest person
you’ll ever meet?

But you don’t want to make your learners cross their fingers in hopes
that your content will be good—despite its awkward appearance. In fact,
you want to do the opposite: use appealing visual design to entice your
learners. You want them to think, “Wow, this course looks really cool.”

The truth is that even if your content is Pulitzer-worthy, your learners

will find it difficult to be engaged if your course doesn’t appeal to
their visual senses. You wouldn’t believe how many learners tell us
that a majority of their organization’s courses look unappealing and
uninviting. They also admit that when courses look bad, they seem like a
waste of time. In short, they judge the content by the design.
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Now the good news: you don’t have to be a visual designer to build
beautiful courses. Let’s look at the key ingredients to good visual
design—color, contrast, repetition, alignment, and balance—and how
you can apply them to your course.

Color
Colors can evoke feelings, sometimes quite powerfully. As the famous
artist Paul Klee noted, “Color is the place where our brain and the
universe meet.” It’s one of the first things we notice when we encounter
something new, even if only subconsciously. A cerulean sea can slow
your heartbeat. A red light can speed it up, yelling at our brains: “Pay
attention to me!”

We also associate different things with different colors, and this can
change by cultural context or personal experience. While you don’t need
to be a color scientist or psychologist to wield color effectively, you’ll
want to consider the importance of color in your course design, asking
yourself what emotions or images your color choices may conjure for
your learners.

To choose your course color scheme, consult a color wheel or tool

like Adobe Color CC. These make it really easy to select a palette that
works well together. For example, you can create a sense of balance and
harmony by choosing analagous colors, which are colors that sit next to
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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each other on a color wheel. Or, you can use colors opposite one another
on the wheel for a contrasting (yet still complementary) color scheme.

Analogous colors Complementary colors

are next to each othe are on opposite sides
on the color wheel. of the color wheel.

If you like the minimalist look, try building a monochromatic

color scheme, which is composed of one base color and its shades.
Monochromatic schemes are easy on the eyes, simple to create, and will
never clash.

While a color wheel or a tool like Adobe Color CC is really all you need
to build a coordinated color scheme, if you’d like to learn more about
color theory, check out worqx.com or read Understanding Color: An
Introduction for Designers.
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Contrast
One of the hallmarks of good design is well-executed contrast. Using
contrast can help you separate disparate parts, aid navigation, and direct
a viewer’s eye to what’s most important. Without contrast, it’s hard
to know where to look, and that’s both disorienting and unpleasant
to viewers.

The most important rule to follow when using contrasting elements is to

make them really different. The contrast should be immediately obvious.
If elements are almost the same, but not exactly the same, it’ll look like
a mistake.

There are some really fun ways you can use contrast. Some are obvious,
like small shapes versus large shapes. But you can also contrast other
elements of your design.

For example, try contrasting fonts. Perhaps use a sans-serif font for the
text on navigation, and a serif font for text on your slide. The characters
in serif fonts have small lines called serifs at their ends. Times Roman
and Courier are well-known serif fonts.fonts. Sans-serif fonts don’t have
serifs, and include popular fonts like Arial and Helvetica.

You can also contrast patterns and colors. Try adding a pattern to some
elements, while leaving other elements “smooth.” To contrast color,
you can use complementary colors, or contrast things like dark, middle,
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Using different font styles together creates contrast.

and light color values. You can even contrast intensity by choosing
some pure colors and other muted colors. And, some colors are warm
and some are cool. Play around with having one of each in your course
color palette.
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Repetition
We’ve all seen courses that look like they were assembled from spare
parts of ten different PowerPoint presentations. Our e-learning guru
Tom Kuhlmann calls them “Frankencourses.” Each slide uses different
fonts. Colors and images vary widely. Backgrounds are all over the map.
You get the idea. It makes for a pretty chaotic learning experience. In
fact, it can be so distracting that learners have a hard time engaging
with the material. Not to mention that it breaks a fundamental design
principle: repetition.

It’s important to repeat design elements throughout your course.

Repetition creates a sense of order and unity. A course with repeated
elements will look and feel cohesive, while one with new elements on
each slide will look and feel disorganized and chaotic.

Imagine a slide that has six different fonts, some similar, some widely
different. Yikes! Now pare that back to two contrasting fonts. Perhaps
one serif and one sans-serif. Much better.

So before you start building out your course, define your key design
elements—then make sure you consistently apply them. Choose your
fonts, sticking to just two or three max. Use them in the same way
throughout your course. So, for example, make all headlines the same
font of the same size and weight. Then make sure every single headline
in your course follows this style.
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A Chaotic Design
The elements on this slide use lots of different shapes, fonts, colors,
and sizes, and are not aligned to each other. The design shares
nothing in common with previous slides in the same course.

Do the same thing for color choices. Once you’ve picked a harmonized
color scheme for your course, carry it through your course consistently.
And don’t use another color unless you’ve done so from the beginning.

You’ll also want to decide on a style for graphics, images, icons, and
other design elements. So things like boxes, buttons, and arrows should
share a style. Images and backgrounds should have the same feel. If
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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you’re using clip art, make sure you use the same style to maintain
consistency. It’ll make your content look like it all belongs together.

Consistent Style
All elements share colors, fonts, and a clean,
flat design with subtly rounded corners.

Inconsistent Style
Although some of these elements might look good in isolation,
the different styles do not work well when used together.

Another way you can give learners a sense of order is to repeat patterns
for organizing or presenting information. It gives learners visual cues
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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that help them understand how the course content fits together. So,
for example, if you always use bold headlines to indicate a section
and underlined text to represent lessons within that section, learners
will begin to build a mental map of how the course is organized and
what topics will be covered. And that gives them context for what
they’re learning.

Alignment
If you’re someone who can’t walk by a crooked picture without
straightening it, you’re a step ahead when it comes to alignment, a
critical design principle.

To create alignment, you not only want elements on your slide to line
up, they should also be equidistant. That’s not to say that every shape or
thing on your slide should be placed in one line, but you do want to line
elements up with something. They shouldn’t be randomly spaced on
your slide.

For example, say you place five tabs along the bottom of your slide to
act as navigable menu items. You’ll want to align your tabs horizontally
and vertically on the bottom of the slide, with the same amount of space
between each. If they’re off by even a little bit, your navigation will look
all wrong.
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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Proper Alignment
The tabbed navigation looks right because everything is
consistently aligned and spaced.

Misalignment
Even though the second tab is just a little taller, lower, and further
to the right than it should be, it instantly looks wrong.

And don’t trust your eyes to line things up. Use drawing guides or a grid
to check the alignment and spacing of all of the elements on your slide.
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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The layout is based on a 12-column 960px grid.

Note how the items also have consistent vertical alignment and spacing.

Balance
Another critical principle you’ll want to consider when building a slide
layout is balance, which is the equal distribution of visual weight.

A lot of things can determine an object’s visual weight. Some are

obvious, like size. A large object feels heavier than a smaller object. It can
get tricky, though. A small object can actually balance out a larger object,
depending on their relative positions. You can balance a large object near
the center of your slide with a smaller object placed near the edge of it.
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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Color, value, and texture also play a role in visual weight. Brighter, more
intense colors feel heavier, as do elements with complex texture. Dark
objects are heavier than light objects, and a bunch of small objects can
balance out one larger object.

You can balance elements on your slide in a couple of different ways.

Balance items symmetrically by dividing your slide in half and then
repeating the same exact compositional elements on each side, like a
mirror image. Or, you can achieve radial symmetry by placing elements
equally around a central axis (clocks and sunbursts are radially
balanced). While easy to build out, symmetrically balanced designs
can feel a bit boring. If every slide in your course were symmetrically
balanced, you’d start to lose your learners’ attention a few slides in.

You’ll build a much more visually engaging course if you include plenty
of asymmetrically balanced slides, too. Asymmetrical balance is much
more interesting and gives you lots of creative freedom.

Instead of doing carbon copies of each element (like you do with

symmetrical balance), you achieve asymmetrical balance by balancing
different elements that have the same visual weight. So, for example,
if you have one large shape on one side of your slide, you might
place  several smaller shapes on the other.

Play around with how differently sized, shaped, colored, textured, or

spaced objects impact visual weight. You’ll want to build layouts that not
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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Assymmetrical Balance
The large chart on the left is balanced by the smaller pie charts to the right.

only are balanced, but that direct a learner’s attention to what’s most
important.

Style
We’ve covered the basic principles of good design, but how do you build
an engaging design that fits your course’s topic or industry? Chances are,
you probably already have an idea of what it should look like.

Imagine that you’re hired to develop a Western movie poster. By the time
you finish reading this sentence, you’ll probably have a picture in your
mind of what that poster should look like. And everyone who reads this
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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e-book probably conjures a pretty similar mental picture. Western font.

Lots of brown. Cowboys and horses. Cactus and tumbleweeds. Not far
off, right?

Now what if you saw a poster for a Western movie that completely defied
this mental picture? Say it used a modern-looking font, made ample use
of pinks and yellows, and featured children wearing leotards. Your mind
would rebel: “That’s not a Western movie!”

The trick is finding a look for your course that fits your learners’
expectations. You want to set the stage appropriately for what they’re
about to learn.

Your course will look like something. It’s your job to figure out what
that something is. Tap into your own ideas of what a particular topic or
industry “looks like.” Ask yourself, what colors do I associate with this
topic? What types of fonts come to mind? What do the characters look
like and what are they wearing? What kind of environments make sense?
Are there certain props, scenes, or images that are common to this topic
or industry?

You can test yourself by pretending that you’re building a workplace

safety course. What design elements do you think of as being
safety‑related? Now imagine that you’re building a course on IT security.
How would those design elements differ?
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
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If you’re still not quite sure what look you want, look for inspiration.
The web puts amazing design right at your fingertips. Visit ad agency
and graphic design sites, and peruse the portfolios of leading designers
on Dribbble. Check out e-learning courses developed by firms known
for their design excellence, or look at templates designed for specific
industries or topics. You also might want to visit E-Learning Heroes
regularly, as e-learning pros in every industry regularly post inspirational
examples there.

In your quest to build beautiful courses that delight your learners,

beware the temptation to throw in images just because they look pretty.
Everything on your slide should support course objectives. Decorative
graphics that don’t reinforce the concepts you want to convey can
actually impede the learning process—and potentially confuse learners.
Title To Build A Compelling Visual Experience
How 22
How To Add
Meaningful
Interactions
Title To Add Meaningful Interactions
How 24

You’ve hooked your learners with compelling visual design. Now how do
you keep them? You give them opportunities to actively interact with the
screen throughout the course. They’ll have a hard time staying passive
when they’re physically interacting with the content.

Discovery
Entice your learners to take action by inviting them to explore. Not many
of us can resist the urge to poke around a new environment; humans are
naturally inquisitive. What do we do when we walk into someone’s house
for the first time? We take a look around to get a feel for what the person
likes, how the person lives, and what we might have in common with
them. Most of us wouldn’t feel comfortable peeking inside a friend’s
cabinets without good reason. But we might be tempted to look because
we might find something interesting or unexpected.

Build interactions that your learners want to explore, that entice

them to discover content out of curiosity. For example, instead of
presenting multiple slides full of bullets, create a single tab interaction
that lets learners dig into content in any order they want. Not only do
tab interactions invite exploration, they’re great for consolidating a
lot of information on a single slide. Would you rather click around on
this screen mimicking an iPad application’s interface or slog your way
through a bunch of slides?
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Encourage Exploration
Learners click on the app-like tabs in this interaction to reveal content.

With the right e-learning authoring software, you can turn any image
into an experience of discovery. For example, you could have items
pinned to a bulletin board or sticky notes on a desk that reveal additional
information when learners hover over or click on them. Or, if you need
to train your sales team on a new product, you could add clickable icons
to a product image like the one on the next page.

There will be times when you want to pair information with media to
provide visual context. Or sometimes a video or photograph isn’t the
context, it’s the main point. But perhaps you need to augment it with
text. Media interactions make it easy to convey your message while
keeping learners active, engaged, and inquisitive. You can build a media
Title To Add Meaningful Interactions
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Clickable icons make it easy for learners to get

more information about elements on an image.

panel or media tour that learners click through in a guided way. Or, try
creating a media gallery in a lightbox they can view without interrupting
the flow of the course.

If you need to walk learners through a process, workflow, or procedure,

process interactions are a great alternative to bullets or paragraphs
of text. With a process diagram, you reveal steps one at a time, letting
learners consume the information in a sequential way. They control
when they’re ready to move from one step to the next.
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A Sample Process Interaction

Information is broken down into a sequence showing one step at a time.

And to convey relationships between concepts, try an interactive

diagram. For example, you might use a segmented pyramid that lets
learners explore hierarchical relationships or a circle diagram that lets
them investigate interrelated ideas.
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Questions
Ask any expert conversationalist and they’ll tell you that the secret to
engaging someone is asking them questions. (Don’t you wish you knew
that trick when you were fourteen?!)

By asking learners questions, you connect them to the content. What do

you think, learner? What do you want to do? How would you solve this?
Now they’re personally involved.

You can use questions in any number of ways to lure learners. You can
ask questions that impact what content the learner sees next. Add a
knowledge check that reinforces key concepts. Or ask them to do an
activity that lets them practice new skills.

Depending on your authoring tool, you’ll have a range of assessment

types to choose from. If you’re using Articulate Storyline, you can create
freeform interactions—such as drag-and-drops—which let you turn
pretty much any objects you want into a question.

For example, it’s easy to use a drag-and-drop interaction as a navigation/

branching tool. Ask a question like, “Which department should Sally
visit to learn more about our company’s new data security policies? Drag
Sally over a door to choose where she should go next.”
Title To Add Meaningful Interactions
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Or you could use a drag-and-drop to ask learners how they’d solve a

real‑world problem—or do an activity required in their jobs.

For example, a course for hospitality professionals could include a

table‑setting exercise where learners place utensils and other items
where they belong on a table. Check out this tutorial to learn how to
create an interaction like this with Articulate Storyline.

With the right course authoring tool, you can add interactivity to any
objects, media, or characters you want to create any type of interaction
you can imagine. But resist the urge to add interactivity for novelty’s
sake. While gratuitous interactivity might engage them the first time
they see it, if your course is filled with unnecessary clicks, drags, and
mouse overs, learners will start getting frustrated.
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Problem-Solving
One of the ways you make interactions feel meaningful—and not just
gratuitous—is to make them relevant to the learner’s job or experience.

Remember, many of your learners don’t choose to take your course. It’s
more likely that they’re required by law, corporate policy, or an academic
program to complete the e-learning module (with flying colors, of
course). And, let’s face it, you might be asked to create a course on
material that’s not inherently exciting. And no interaction on its own can
make up for that.

So, how do you draw in reluctant learners, especially when the content
isn’t naturally stimulating? Ask your learners to solve problems that they
might actually face. They’ll need to think about the information they’ve
learned, and make decisions based on their new understanding. And if
you introduce new facts throughout the scenario, they’re more likely to
retain them because the information is immediately meaningful. Pepper
your scenario with interactivity that’s natural to the situation and
presto! You have a winning combination.

Contextual Relevance
Create a problem that’s contextually relevant to your learners, so that
they’ll feel like they have a stake and will be motivated to solve it. And, if
you can, add an emotional component. The key is to tap into the reason
Title To Add Meaningful Interactions
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the course content is important to the learner. What’s in it for them?

Why do they need the information? What do they have to gain? Or,
what’s at stake if they don’t learn it? In short, what’s the personal impact
of this kind of decision?

For example, say you’re developing anti-discrimination training

for managers at a bank. Instead of a bunch of bulleted slides, what
if you presented a scenario where an employee reports a troubling
interaction with a colleague in another department? Perhaps the bank
just settled a discrimination suit for hundreds of thousands of dollars,
so management’s feeling particularly sensitive about missteps. With
this type of realistic (and high stakes) situation, you can help learners
internalize why the training matters.

Keep in mind that any scenarios you use should tie directly to your
learning objectives. What do you expect learners to know—or be able to
do—by the end of the course? How will you know if they’ve met those
expectations? If you’re not clear on the performance requirements, you
can’t create scenarios that help learners meet them.

Decision Points
Once you’ve defined the circumstances of your scenario, you’ll need to
create interactive activities and decision points where learners can apply
what they’ve learned—or learn what they need to know to solve the
problem. Each decision should force understanding, or the need to gain it.
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This is where subject matter experts can help. Ask them to share
different experiences and possible outcomes. The more nuanced and
loaded the situation, the more your learners will need to think through
how to apply information. In the real world, decisions are rarely
clear‑cut and correct choices aren’t always obvious. Sometimes there
isn’t a correct choice at all, just different consequences. So when you’re
building a decision point, offer realistic, nuanced choices that actually
force the learner to think.

While you don’t want to try to trick learners, you can throw in some
choices that are somewhat right and somewhat wrong, and ask the
learner to pick the best one. You can then address nuances in the
feedback. And when you don’t have a clear-cut right decision, you can
create other situations that highlight what’s wrong with each choice.

For example, for that anti-discrimination training, you could ask

managers to decide what action to take immediately after learning of the
incident:

• Notify the human resources (HR) and legal departments of the

potential problem.
• Research the incident further and discuss a course of action with the
accused’s supervisor.
• Try to facilitate a resolution between the two employees.
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None of these are wrong. But none are totally right either. So learners
must think through the potential outcomes of each, which keeps them
completely engaged.

Consequences
If you’ve ever read a Choose Your Own Adventure book, you already know
how compelling it is to play the hero. Because you make the decisions
that determine the outcome, you’re invested in learning what happens
next. You’re drawn into the story.

The same is true for decision-making scenarios. They let learners

explore the consequences of their actions and wonder, “what happens
if I choose this?” The point isn’t for learners to get it right the first time.
It’s to let them explore consequence, to “play” with what might happen
if they get it wrong.

With each choice they make, you can provide feedback that deepens
their understanding of the material or reinforces key concepts.

Or, instead of providing feedback and stopping there, you can let
each decision drive a new twist in the scenario. Let’s look at the anti-
discrimination training again.

If learners choose to immediately notify the HR and legal departments

of the potential problem (and thereby delay addressing the issue),
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you could present a second scenario in which the harassed employee

becomes frustrated at the inaction and threatens suit. Learners then
must navigate another set of challenges.

The experience adapts to the learner’s choices.

If they choose to research the incident, what happens? Perhaps the

incident starts infecting office culture as both parties start soliciting
support from other colleagues. Suddenly, there are multiple people
taking sides, each sidetracked from their core jobs. What should learners
do next?
Title To Add Meaningful Interactions
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Also, if learners try to facilitate a resolution between the two employees,

they could find themselves in hot water with both HR and legal.
Now what?

Just be careful not to make the scenarios so difficult that they give up.
It’s no fun to feel like no matter what you do, you’ll never get it right. And
remember to build realistic scenarios and consequences so that learners
can see how they connect to their own jobs.

In this well-done decision-making scenario by Elearner Engaged, Sam is

on the verge of quitting his job because his co-worker Emma won’t stop
acting inappropriately with him. As the learner, you have to decide how
Sam should respond to Emma with each new overture. What could be
wrong with opening a jar of pickles for her? As Sam discovers, one thing
can lead to another, and before he knows it, Emma’s cornered him into
an after-work drink. Unable to deal with her, Sam decides to quit a job
he otherwise loves. Make different choices for Sam, and he’ll set clear
boundaries with Emma that let him find peace in the office—and keep
his job.

The scenario expertly presents nuanced choices, then shows the

consequences of each decision Sam makes. Because the scenario is so
emotionally fraught and you’re put into the driver’s seat, it’s impossible
not to be fully engaged. And if you get the sad result that Sam quits, the
course invites you to try again, letting you explore how different choices
impact the outcome.
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Overcoming Objections
If your subject matter experts or clients question whether scenario-
based learning is an effective way to convey voluminous content, you can
assure them that there are many ways to share key material in a scenario-
based course. You can:

• Create information-rich, decision-making points. For the anti-

discrimination training, you could provide details on a relevant anti-
discrimination law when you set the stage for the scenario. “In 1991,
the U.S. government passed a civil rights law that states…”
• Add resources or help links that learners can access if they
need more context or information to make decision. For
example, you could provide links to a FAQ on your course player that
detail key portions of anti-discrimination laws.
• Use characters to provide helpful information. So you could let
learners click on an HR manager to hear audio or watch video of a real
person explaining what behavior is considered discriminatory.
• Create a virtual guide. This could be a character or simply an
interactive element you make available throughout the scenario.
Learners could click on it to get tips and clues any time they need help.
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• Respond to decisions with content. When learners make a choice,

it’s an opportunity for information-sharing. When you provide
feedback on their decisions, you can add content that underlines why
each choice is a good one—or why it falls short. “That’s not a good
choice because the current law requires…”

Whenever you build scenario-based learning, remember to “keep it

real.” The most engaging scenarios are those learners can relate to in a
personal way. If you’re not sure whether the situation you envision is
realistic, poll learners and subject matter experts about how and when
they’d use the course content.
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How To Let Learners
Pull Content
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
How 40

Many e-learning courses follow the same structure. They start with an
introduction that explains the course objectives. Then they’ll have a
few sections of content, sometimes with a knowledge check at the end
of each section. And at the end of the course, there’s a final assessment.
It’s a very linear, perfectly logical structure. It’s all about pushing
information to the learner, then testing to make sure they got it.

A typical course structure.

It’s a serviceable approach, especially if you’re not tying any real

performance requirements to the course. That is, you need learners to
know something, but you don’t expect them to apply it in any particular
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way. For example, let’s say your company is rolling out a new sales
compensation structure and you’re building a course that details the
specifics for the sales team. You don’t need them to do much more than
just “get” the information. You might include a quiz at the end only to
make sure sales folks actually complete the course. It doesn’t really
matter whether they truly understand the material. They won’t need to
use what they’ve learned in their jobs, so that’s okay.

This kind of course is all about pushing out information. The focus is
on the information itself. The best courses of this type have compelling
visual design, good content, and smart interactivity that keeps learners
engaged. But unfortunately for learners, they’re often tedious.

The Pull Structure

Luckily, there’s a more engaging alternative. Don’t give learners any
upfront information. Yep, that’s right. Just throw them into a decision,
and let them explore to find what they need. In many cases, this
approach will challenge learner assumptions and misunderstandings,
which is always a good way to make them think and keep them engaged.

Instead of force-feeding or pushing all the information every possible

learner could ever need, build interactions that give learners control
over what they see. If they don’t need the content, they won’t pull it.
How much better for them! They’re not forced to sit through something
they already know. You’re letting them explore in a natural, inquisitive
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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way to find what they haven’t yet learned. And you’re giving each learner
a unique learning experience; one that they shape based on what they
know, and what they don’t.

With this approach, your course structure might look more like this:

In some cases, the learner might not choose to pull all of the content.
Let’s say you’re training a team on using the latest version of PowerPoint
to speed their production times, and you have three videos that walk
through a few key time-saving tips. In the “push” model, you’d make
learners watch each one (and in a specific order), whether they need
them or not.
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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But if you take the “pull” approach, you don’t force learners through
a defined path. They determine the value of the information and
control its flow. And it doesn’t matter if they don’t always pull the right
information, or the information that would help them most, because you
can give them the right information through feedback.

Meeting Learning Objectives

To build a course where learners pull information, you need to first
understand how they’d use the information. And how do you figure
that out?

It’s actually pretty simple. Look to your learning objectives, which are
simply the knowledge and skills you want learners to gain as a result of
taking your course. If you don’t have any yet, create them before you
do anything else. Not only are they helpful for building a pull structure,
they’re essential to creating a course that delivers the results your
client wants.

You can define learning objectives in three easy steps. First, think about
(or ask your client) what learners need to be able to do with what they
learn. Avoid vague words like “know” or “understand” and instead
describe the tasks or actions you want them to perform after completing
your course.
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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Next, identify your learners. Are they managers? New employees? People
in a specific department or role? Target your audience as narrowly
as possible.

Finally, define the knowledge or experience learners need to take your

course. This is the instructional starting point. Knowing this helps you
avoid missed assumptions about what learners already know or need
to know.

So if you’re creating a course for mortgage company employees on how

to properly process FHA loans, your main objective might be: Teach loan
officers (your learners) how to process FHA documentation to acquire
proper loan qualification (the specific task they must be able to perform
post-training). You might note that you expect loan officers to have
experience processing other types of loans.

From here, you might have sub-objectives such as:

• Train loan officers to identify correct documents required for

FHA loans.
• Train loan officers to identify credit requirements for FHA loans.
• Train loan officers to identify employment requirements for
FHA loans.

Once you have really specific, performance-oriented course objectives,

it’s easier to design a pull course structure. Your primary job is to design
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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reasons for learners to pull the content they need to meet the learning
objectives. And in your learning objectives, you’ve already defined what
specific tasks learners need to be able to perform.

So why not build a case study or realistic scenario based on this task? If
your learner doesn’t know how to do a step in the tasks, they’ll pull the
content they need to complete it.

Let’s go back to our FHA training example. Remember, the learning

objective is to teach loan officers to process FHA documentation to
acquire proper loan qualification. Our sub-objectives are to train them
to identify correct documents, credit requirements, and employment
requirements.

To create a pull course structure around these learning objectives,

simply build a scenario that mimics what loan officers would do in
their real jobs to process an FHA loan application. You could build
interactions for critical steps in the loan application process, where
learners would need to do things like:

• Identify questions to ask the loan applicant.

• Label required elements on a document.
• Run a credit check and decide whether the score meets requirements.
• Fill out an employment verification checklist.
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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For each interaction, you’d include opportunities for learners to pull

information they need to complete the task. For example, you might
include a link to a lightboxed FHA employment requirements FAQ on
the employment verification checklist interaction.
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
How 47

Locking Navigation
You might be thinking, “Wait a minute! If I let learners pull whatever
content they want instead of locking the navigation in a linear path, how
will I know they’ve met the course objectives? How will I know they’ve
seen all of the content?”

You’ll undoubtedly hear this objection if you go down the “pull” path.
And there’s a great answer to it.

The ultimate goal isn’t forcing learners to look at slides. It’s making sure
they can do something or understand something. So you don’t lock the
navigation. You lock decision points where learners demonstrate their
understanding. Thus, they’re free to move around the content however
they want, but they can’t get past that decision point until they prove
they have a firm grasp of the material.
Title To Let Learners Pull Content
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How to Engage More
Senses With Video
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
How 50

If you have kids between the ages of six and twelve, you know all about
the Rainbow Loom. It’s a kit consisting of a plastic pegged board, a hook,
and hundreds of teensy rubber bands that little fingers transform into
colorful bracelets—and then slip onto every available wrist they can
find. When your kids master bracelets, they move to peace signs, flowers,
spiders, beetles, panda bears, turtles, coke bottles…. you get the idea.
And what do they do when they want to learn how to create something
new? They watch a YouTube video.

There’s no doubt that it’s much easier to learn how to weave a caterpillar
on the Rainbow Loom by watching a video than it would be to read an
instruction manual, even one with pictures. In fact, it’s probably the
prevalence of such videos that’s helped stoke the Rainbow Loom craze.
Videos make it simple and fun to learn new things.

Once upon a time, creating a video for an e-learning course would have
been cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. But that’s no longer the
case. If you have a fairly new smartphone, chances are you can shoot HD
video. You can record screencasts easily with tools like Peek or Replay.
And you can download free, simple-to-use video editing software. You
no longer need a gaggle of experts and months of production time to
create engaging videos and screencasts.

How-tos aren’t the only lessons better given by video. If you need to
teach a soft skill—such as collaborating with people who have different
points of view—words on a slide simply don’t suffice. They can’t convey
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
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the subtleties of body language and facial expressions that play such an
important role in human interactions.

Video is also a great way to hook your learners emotionally. Humans are
social creatures—so we’re more invested when we learn from another
person. Personalize your content with a real person, and you’ll have
an easier time keeping learners engaged. This can even work for things
like software training. Imagine recording webcam video along with a
screencast using a tool like Articulate Replay. You could then personally
guide learners through the software.

Equipment
Now let’s talk about how to produce a good video. The first thing you’ll
want to do before you start recording a single frame is invest in an
external microphone, because bad audio will ruin the best video ever
produced. That doesn’t mean it needs to be expensive. You might even
already have one: your smartphone.

You can also use your iPhone or other smartphone with an HD camera
as a camera. Just be sure to clip it steady so you don’t record shaky video.
If you’re recording webcam video, then invest in an external HD‑quality
webcam. You can easily buy one for under $100.
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
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We use gray background paper for many of our videos. It instantly

gives your videos a pro feel. You can buy a roll of seamless solid color
background paper for under $50.

Last, but not least, you’ll want to invest in some lighting. You’d be
amazed at what a difference it makes. Don’t worry, you don’t need to
start calling video supply stores. You can find everything you need at
Home Depot for under $100. If nothing else, turn off any overhead lights
and use three other well-placed light sources instead.

If you want more tips on producing great video, watch these short,
entertaining, and super helpful videos from Wistia.
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
How 53

Environment
In an ideal world, you’d record in a studio or other controlled
environment. But, in reality, most of us don’t have access to a
dedicated recording space. So here are some tips for creating your own
recording space.

• Turn off A/C and fans, office machines, and notifications on your
computer if you’re recording on a webcam.
• Film in a conference room or an office with a closed door.
• Avoid empty rooms, though, as sound can bounce around and create
unfortunate echoes.
• Don’t sit in a squeaky chair if you’re sitting down.
• Turn off anything that rings or flashes lights. Better yet, remove them
from your environment altogether.

If you’re doing a screencast, you’ll want to do a dry run to make sure that
all of your screens are set up. If you need to jump from one application
to another, you’ll want to have them all open and sized to the recording
window. And if you plan to add assets or files during your screencast,
make sure they’re in a single folder that you can access with a few clicks.
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
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Preparation
You’ve set up the right equipment, your environment is ready. You’re
ready to roll, right? Not quite. Do you know what your message is? Do
you know how you’ll tell the story? While you don’t need to memorize a
script word-for-word, you should have an outline of the main points you
want to cover. If you’re filming someone else, you can prompt them with
questions to cover the right points. If you’re recording webcam video, try
taping a bulleted outline to the side of your monitor so that you can see it
while you’re recording.

Finally, loosen up. The best videos look and feel natural, as if the camera
isn’t there at all, and we’re just having a conversation. Some people have
no trouble acting natural in front of a camera, but most of us turn into
mannequins as soon as we know the camera’s rolling. If you’re going to
be the one on camera, banish the editor in your head and try to just have
fun with it. Be yourself. People like authenticity. And if you let yourself
just be you, it’ll come through. If you’re filming someone else, do what
you can to make them laugh and take the whole thing less seriously.

Special tips for screencasts

Not all videos involve people. In fact, in e-learning, you often just need
to record onscreen actions, like you see in software training. These are
called screencasts. Whether you’re using Peek, Articulate Replay, or
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
How 55

some other screencasting tool, here are a few tricks you can use to record
better screencasts.

• Tell your learners where they should be looking. Don’t just

assume they’ll follow your mouse. Explain each action as you take it.
For example, “Now I’ll insert a new slide by going to the menu and
clicking ‘Insert’ and then “New File.”
• Restrict the visual field. Frame your recording window so that
you’re only showing what you need to show. Everything else is just a
distraction.
• Hide personal and proprietary information. The easiest way to do
this is to create another user account on your computer that you use
only for screencasts. That way, you don’t need to worry about hiding
personal information like folders or toolbars in your browser. Choose
a solid background color for your desktop. Photographs and other
images will just distract the learner.
• Keep your mouse “quiet.” You don’t want to inadvertently move
your cursor all over the screen while you’re talking. It’s distracting
and annoying to the learners. When you’re not deliberately showing
something, your mouse should be still. The best way to keep your
mouse quiet is to remove your hand from it when you don’t need it.
• Select the right aspect ratio. Screen recorders like Articulate Replay
and Peek will let you choose the aspect ratio for your video. You
should match the aspect ratio of your course slides.
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
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• Use the pause feature to create a better flowing video. If your

screencasting tool allows it, pause your recording if you have to
click on buttons and open other screens during your demos. It’ll let
you set up your screens without distracting learners and will look
more polished.

Interactive video
Videos are great by themselves. But what if you could add explorable
content to your videos? Even better! By adding interactivity, you
turn a passive activity into an active one. You deepen your learners’
engagement—and create opportunities to go deeper into the content.

For example, say you’ve developed a video that demonstrates cooking

techniques. You could add icons to the video at various points, letting
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
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the learner click to pause the video and read additional information on
the topic.

Or, if you’ve developed a video that shows a problematic interaction

between co-workers, you could use interactive buttons to point out key
points. “By citing Mae’s age when criticizing her performance, Debbie
not only puts Mae on the defensive, she breaks the law.”

The video lets learners see what’s happening, and the interactive
elements let them drill into the topic if they need or want to. And if
they don’t need additional information, they can ignore the buttons
or icons and just watch the video. This is a great way to provide two
different experiences for learners with different levels of understanding.
Experienced people can watch the video, while those with less
experience can click on the interactive buttons to learn more.

So the next time you need to show learners how to do something, try
creating a video with interactive icons instead of showing a slide of bullet
points. Watch this short video to learn how to add interactive elements
to videos using Articulate Storyline.
Title To Engage More Senses With Video
How 58
How To Add Fun
Gaming Elements
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
How 60

It’s no small wonder that the gaming market is nearing the $100 billion
mark. People like games. They’re fun!

But what about adding game-like elements to e-learning? Can they

really keep learners engaged with the material, or do they distract focus
from what really matters? Do they actually help people learn, or are they
simply fun, throw-away activities? Is e-learning gamification a fad, or is it
here to stay?

Depending on who you ask and what you mean by “game,” you’ll likely
hear a range of answers. But no matter where you fall in the gamification
debate, there’s no doubt that games can help keep learners engaged.
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
How 61

Karl Kapp, author of The Gamification of Learning and Instruction,

explains that gamification involves crafting an experience where a
player engages in a challenge and uses interactivity and dynamic
feedback to make decisions and work toward a specific outcome.
Sounds a lot like what we’ve been talking about throughout this e-book!

You don’t need to build the next Minecraft to get your game on, which
is a good thing since most e-learning developers don’t have an army
of artists, animators, and programmers at their disposal. E-learning
authoring tools like Articulate Storyline make it easy for even neophyte
e-learning developers to build everything from simple vocabulary game
to gamified scenarios.

The Secret Formula

To gamify your course—or some element of it—you need to first develop
a challenge. Most video games require players to solve a large problem
by completing smaller challenges. Games, like life, are a series of puzzles
and decisions. Break up your e-learning curriculum into small segments
and gamify those segments with various decision-making activities. The
best challenges tie back to your learning objectives.

Then, you need to give learners feedback. When players do something

(anything, really) in a video game, their actions immediately result
in some type of consequence. Incorporate this idea into your online
courses by letting learners know whether they’re on the right track
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
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whenever they make a decision or complete an activity. If you’re

building a gameshow-like course, a simple score is enough. You can add
motivation by requiring them to “win” before they progress to the next
level. Just like in video games, learners should take a hit when they get
something wrong. People will play the game over and over to top their
own scores—and they’ll talk about what scores they got with co-workers
in the hallways. Yes, they really will.

If you’re presenting a scenario-based challenge, you can provide a much

richer learning experience by explaining the consequences of a decision
or branching learners to new challenges caused by their decisions. It’s
better to forgo scoring if you want to encourage learners to explore
and take more risks. They’re more likely to try things just to see what
happens—and that can let them uncover pockets of knowledge they
wouldn’t otherwise discover.
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
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Finally, games reward players when they do well. In this simple

math game, they’re rewarded by the monkey reaching the bananas. For
a gamified scenario, they might be rewarded by reaching a particular
outcome, such as saving their company from a massive fine.

Adding a game-like feel to the learning experience can be as simple as

switching up the setting. Turn scenarios into quests, challenges into
missions. Unleash your inner storyteller, and create some high drama.
Throw learners into a crisis where the stakes are high, then let them
discover a path to resolve it.

In multi-player games like World of Warcraft, players are encouraged

to engage with others to complete quests and challenges. This makes
the players feel like they’re interacting with others and participating
in something. Try creating a cast of characters that your learners can
interact with throughout your course. Keep it interesting with a wide
variety of characters, outfits, and poses.

You could even follow the video game practice of hiding secret codes and
other “Easter eggs,” and send your learners on an Easter egg hunt. For
example, when you first introduce your learners to the course, let them
know there are twelve Easter eggs buried in your course and there will
be a reward for the first learner who finds them all. Your Easter eggs can
be earned for something as simple as getting all the answers right on a
quiz. And your reward can be anything from a free lunch at the corporate
cafeteria to a free copy of an e-book.
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
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And don’t be afraid to have fun. Which will your learners prefer: a
click‑the-next-slide course peppered with bullet points or an interactive
mission to save the world?
Title To Add Fun Gaming Elements
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Where You Go
From Here
Title You Go From Here
Where 67

We’ve covered a lot of material on how you can create more engaging
learning experiences. We hope it’s given you a good foundational
understanding of where to start.

But we know that once you get into projects, new questions and
challenges rear their pesky heads.

That’s why we created E-Learning Heroes, our community site of more

than 650,000 e-learning developers. Visit often to find great articles,
discussions, downloads, and other resources on everything e-learning.
If you enjoyed this guide, please feel free to link to it from
your own site or share this link on social networks.

Copyright © 2018 Articulate Global, Inc.

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