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System Components - File Management System Components - Secondary Storage Management

This document discusses various topics related to operating system components and computing environments. It covers file management, secondary storage management, performance of storage hierarchy levels, protection and security features, common computing models like client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based computing, and open-source operating systems. The document is divided into multiple pages with brief descriptions of these topics.

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David
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views

System Components - File Management System Components - Secondary Storage Management

This document discusses various topics related to operating system components and computing environments. It covers file management, secondary storage management, performance of storage hierarchy levels, protection and security features, common computing models like client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based computing, and open-source operating systems. The document is divided into multiple pages with brief descriptions of these topics.

Uploaded by

David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 1 CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 2

System Components – System Components –


File Management Secondary Storage Management
ì  A file is a collec+on of related informa+on defined by ì  Since main memory (primary storage) is vola+le and too
its creator. small to accommodate all data and programs
ì  The opera+ng system is responsible for the following permanently, the computer system must provide
ac+vi+es in connec+on with file management: secondary storage to back up main memory.
ì  Most modern computer systems use disks as the
ì  File/directory crea+on and dele+on
principle storage medium, for both programs and data.
ì  Support of primi+ves for manipula+ng files and directories
ì  The opera+ng system is responsible for the following
ì  Access control available on most systems ac+vi+es in connec+on with disk management:
ì  ì 

ì 
ì 
ì 

CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 3 CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 4

Performance of Various Levels of Storage Migration of Integer A from Disk to Register

ì  Movement between levels of storage hierarchy can be ì  Mul+tasking environments must be careful to use
explicit or implicit most recent value, no maFer where it is stored in the
storage hierarchy



ì  Mul+processor environment must provide cache
coherency in hardware such that all CPUs have the
most recent value in their cache
ì  Distributed environment situa+on even more complex
ì  Several copies of a datum can exist
CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 5 CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 6

System Components –
I/O System Management
Protection and Security

ì  One purpose of OS is to hide peculiari+es of hardware ì  Protec'on – any mechanism for controlling access of
devices from the user processes or users to resources defined by the OS
The I/O system consists of: ì  Security – defense of the system against internal and
external aFacks
ì  A buffer-caching system
ì 
ì  A general device-driver interface

ì 


ì  Drivers for specific hardware devices

CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 7 CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 8

Protection and Security Computing Environments


ì  Systems generally first dis+nguish among users, to ■  Client-Server Computing
determine who can do what ●  Dumb terminals supplanted by smart PCs
ì  User iden++es (user IDs, security IDs) include name and ●  Many systems now servers, responding to requests generated by
clients
associated number, one per user
!  Compute-server:

ì  User ID then associated with all files, processes of that user
to determine access control !  File-server:
ì  Group iden+fier (group ID) allows set of users to be defined
and controls managed, then also associated with each
process, file
ì  Privilege escala'on allows user to change to effec+ve ID
with more rights
CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 9 CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 10

Peer-to-Peer Computing Web-Based Computing

ì  Another model for a distributed system ì  Web has become ubiquitous


ì  P2P does not dis+nguish clients and servers ì  More devices becoming networked to allow web
ì  access
ì  New category of devices to manage web traffic among
ì  similar servers: load balancers

ì  Use of opera+ng systems like Windows 95, client-side,
ì  Node must join P2P network
have evolved into Linux, Mac OS/X and Windows 7/10,
ì  Registers its service with central lookup service on network, or which can be clients and servers
ì  Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for
service via discovery protocol
ì  Examples include Napster and Gnutella

CMPT 300 Chapter 1 Page 11

Open-Source Operating Systems

ì  Opera+ng systems made available in source-code


format rather than just binary closed-source
ì  Counter to the copy protec+on and Digital Rights
Management (DRM) movement
ì  Started by Free Soaware Founda+on (FSF), which has
“copylea” GNU Public License (GPL)
ì  Examples include GNU/Linux and BSD UNIX (including
core of Mac OS X)

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