MongoDB manual

1. Creating database:/ Switch to current database

use database name

> use studentdb;

switched to db studentdb

2. To confirm the existence of database/To report the name of the current database

db

> db;
studentdb

3. To get list of all databases

show dbs

> show dbs;

local 0.000GB

Note: The newly created data base is not listed in the result. The reason is that the database
needs to have at least one document to shown up in the list.

4. To drop database

db.dropDatabase();

> db.dropDatabase();
{ "ok" : 1 }

To drop the datadase first ensure that your currently placed in that database using use
command.

5. To Display the version of MongoDB server

db.version();

> db.version();
3.2.10

6. To display the statistics that refelect the state of a database

db.stats();

> db.stats()
{
"db" : "test",
"collections" : 0,
 "objects" : 0,
"avgObjSize" : 0,
"dataSize" : 0,
"storageSize" : 0,
"numExtents" : 0,
"indexes" : 0,
"indexSize" : 0,
"fileSize" : 0,
"ok" : 1
}

Note: Here all the details are coming Zero because i havent enter any documents and
collection in database.

7. Help command

db.help();

MongoDB Query language(CRUD operations)

Collections

Note: make sure your in the required database

1. To display the collections in database

show collections

2. Create collection

db.createCollection (“name of the collection”)

> db.createCollection("Person");
{ "ok" : 1 }

> show collections

Person

3. To drop collection

db.Name of the collection.drop()

> db.Person.drop();
true
Inserting Documents:

db.Collection Name.insert({doc id, fields......})

1. db.student.insert({_id:1,Name:"xxx",GPA:"9.5",Hobbies:"surfing"});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

2. To insert documents without id

db.student.insert({Name:"ZZZ",GPA:"7.5",Hobbies:"chess"});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5",
"Hobbies" : "chess" }

3. To display the documents/To check whether document iserted properly

db.collectionname.find();

db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

4.Pretty method : To display results in a formatted manner.

db.collectionname.find().pretty();

Inserting 2 documents

db.student.insert({_id:1,Name:"xxx",GPA:"9.5",Hobbies:"surfing"});
db.student.insert({_id:1,Name:"xxx",GPA:"9.5",Hobbies:"surfing"});

db.student.find().pretty();
{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }
{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

4. Update Method

Update method it checks whether the document with id is already exists is so it will
update the required field otherwise it will insert a new document with new id.
Here UPSERT method is very imporant:

If UPSERT =false (default value) then new record are not inserted
If UPSERT =true then new records are inserted

when using Update method its required to use $set operator to update the fields

suppose i will try to update the document with ID3 it is not there in the collection
student.

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5",
"Hobbies" : "chess" }

db.student.update({_id:3,Name:"FFF",GPA:"6.5"},{$set:{Hobbies:"reading"}},
{upsert:true});

here id 3 document is not there so it will try to insert the new document with id:3

the output will be:

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 3 })

Now to verify the document gets updated:

db.student.find({_id:3});

{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "reading" }

Here you can Note Find method . That is conditions can be applied in find method

Now we will try to update the alreday existing document with new data

Changing the id:3 document hobbies as listening music

db.student.update({_id:3},{$set:{Hobbies:"listening music"}},{upsert:true});

db.student.find({_id:3});

{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }

when setting UPSERT:false

db.student.update({_id:4, Name:"GGG",GPA:"7.5"},{$set:{Hobbies:"playing games"}},

{upsert:false});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })

No documents are inserted when setting upsert:false

db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }

> db.student.update({_id:4, Name:"GGG",GPA:"7.5"},{$set:{Hobbies:"playing games"}},

{upsert:true});

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 4 })

> db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }
{ "_id" : 4, "GPA" : "7.5", "Name" : "GGG", "Hobbies" : "playing games" }

Trying to insert new field in the Document using Update

db.student.update({_id:4, Name:"GGG",GPA:"7.5"},{$set:{Hobbies:"playing
games",location:"india"}},{upsert:true});

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.student.find();
{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }
{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }
{ "_id" : 4, "GPA" : "7.5", "Name" : "GGG", "Hobbies" : "playing games", "location" : "india" }

5. Save method

save method will insert a new document if the document with the specified _id does not exist.
If adocument with the specified id exists it replaces the existing document with new one.

Now i am saving the document with id :5 this is not in collection so save method creates new one.

db.student.save({_id:5, Name:"jjj",GPA:"8.0"});

db.student.find();
{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }
{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "YYY", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580eff3d9e9cce5d45a2af1b"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }
{ "_id" : 4, "GPA" : "7.5", "Name" : "GGG", "Hobbies" : "playing games", "location" : "india" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0"}

Now trying save already existing document

db.student.save({_id:5,Name:"jjj",GPA:"7.5",Hobbies:"cricket"});

db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("580f2464e32bbc76b4975e17"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "GPA" : "6.5", "Name" : "FFF", "Hobbies" : "listening music" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

6. Removing a document

db.student.remove({_id:3});

WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })

db.student.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("580f2464e32bbc76b4975e17"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

Removing existing field in a document

For example we are trying to remove the field gpa from a document using update and with
unset method

db.student.update({_id:5},{$unset:{GPA:"7.5"}});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

> db.student.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("580f2464e32bbc76b4975e17"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :
"chess" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }
Searching A document baed on condition with Find () method

find() method is used for condition checking

1. Finding a document with id= 4

db.student.find({_id:4});

{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0" }

2. To find the document with hobbies=cricket

db.student.find({Hobbies:"cricket"});

{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

3. To find Name=zzz and GPA=7.5

db.student.find({Name:"ZZZ",GPA:"7.5"});

{ "_id" : ObjectId("580f2464e32bbc76b4975e17"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :

"chess" }

4. To supress the id in the result

db.student.find({},{Name:"ZZZ",GPA:"7.5",_id:0});

Set _id:0 to supress the id field

Set_id:1 to display the id field

5. To display only names from all documents

db.RankList.find({},{Name:1,_id:0}); it supress the id of all documents.

{ "Name" : "Abilash" }
{ "Name" : "Babu" }
{ "Name" : "Chithra" }
{ "Name" : "sindhu" }
{ "Name" : "Manu" }
{ "Name" : "Dinesh" }
{ "Name" : "sheela" }
{ "Name" : "vignesh" }
{ "Name" : "Kala" }
{ "Name" : "Kiran" }

6. To display only names and GPA form all documents

db.RankList.find({},{Name:1,GPA:1,_id:0});
{ "Name" : "Abilash", "GPA" : "6.5" }
{ "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "8.5" }
{ "Name" : "Chithra", "GPA" : "7.5" }
{ "Name" : "sindhu", "GPA" : "7.9" }
{ "Name" : "Manu", "GPA" : "9.9" }
{ "Name" : "Dinesh", "GPA" : "5.9" }
{ "Name" : "sheela", "GPA" : "6.7" }
{ "Name" : "vignesh", "GPA" : "7.7" }
{ "Name" : "Kala", "GPA" : "8.1" }
{ "Name" : "Kiran", "GPA" : "8.8" }
>

Conditional operators

Assume we have the set of documents:

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "Abilash", "GPA" : "6.5" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "8.5" }
{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Chithra", "GPA" : "7.5" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "sindhu", "GPA" : "7.9" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "Manu", "GPA" : "9.9" }
{ "_id" : 6, "Name" : "Dinesh", "GPA" : "5.9" }
{ "_id" : 7, "Name" : "sheela", "GPA" : "6.7" }
{ "_id" : 8, "Name" : "vignesh", "GPA" : "7.7" }
{ "_id" : 9, "Name" : "Kala", "GPA" : "8.1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "Name" : "Kiran", "GPA" : "8.8" }

1. To find the student list whos GPA is greater than 6.7

db.RankList.find({GPA:{$gt:"6.7"}});

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "8.5" }

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Chithra", "GPA" : "7.5" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "sindhu", "GPA" : "7.9" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "Manu", "GPA" : "9.9" }
{ "_id" : 8, "Name" : "vignesh", "GPA" : "7.7" }
{ "_id" : 9, "Name" : "Kala", "GPA" : "8.1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "Name" : "Kiran", "GPA" : "8.8" }

2. Student list GPA not equal to 6.7

db.RankList.find({GPA:{$ne:"6.7"}});

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "Abilash", "GPA" : "6.5" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "8.5" }
{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Chithra", "GPA" : "7.5" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "sindhu", "GPA" : "7.9" }
{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "Manu", "GPA" : "9.9" }
{ "_id" : 6, "Name" : "Dinesh", "GPA" : "5.9" }
{ "_id" : 8, "Name" : "vignesh", "GPA" : "7.7" }
{ "_id" : 9, "Name" : "Kala", "GPA" : "8.1" }
{ "_id" : 10, "Name" : "Kiran", "GPA" : "8.8" }

3.Either or operator :$in

db.student.find({Hobbies:{$in:['chess','surfing']}});

It is displays the documents having chess and surfing as hobbies

{ "_id" : ObjectId("580f2464e32bbc76b4975e17"), "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" :

"chess" }
{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

4.Neither nor operator:$nin

db.student.find({Hobbies:{$nin:['chess','surfing']}});

{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "jjj", "GPA" : "8.0" }

{ "_id" : 5, "Name" : "jjj", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

The following conditional opeartors used in MongoDB

Name Description
$eq Matches values that are equal to a specified value.
$gt Matches values that are greater than a specified value.
$gte Matches values that are greater than or equal to a specified value.
$lt Matches values that are less than a specified value.
$lte Matches values that are less than or equal to a specified value.
$ne Matches all values that are not equal to a specified value.
$in Matches any of the values specified in an array.
$nin Matches none of the values specified in an array.
String Operations

Assume we have the following documents in the collections:

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "yyy", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

1. To find the document where the name starts with “y”

String begins with “/^char/”

db.student.find({Name:/^y/});

Or

db.student.find({Name:{$regex:"^y"}});

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "yyy", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

2. To find the document where the hobbies ends with “t”

String ends with “/char$/”

db.student.find({Hobbies :/t$/});

or

db.student.find({Hobbies :{$regex:"t$"}});

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "yyy", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

3. To find the document where the hobbies has an “s” in any postion

Any poistion /char/ or /.*char.*/ or $regex: “char”

db.student.find({Hobbies:/s/});

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

db.student.find({Hobbies:/.*s.*/});

db.student.find({Hobbies:{$regex:"s"}});
 Dealing with Null values;

A Null is a missing or unknown value. When we place aNULL value for afield ,it implies that
currently we do not know the value or the value is missing.

We will try to insert the new field location with NULL value in document 3

db.student. find({$or:[{_id:2},{_id:3}]});

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "yyy", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket" }

Updating document 3 with b=null values

db.student.update({_id:3},{$set:{Location:null}});

Displaying the documents with null values.

db.student.find({Location:{$eq:null}});

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "yyy", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "cricket", "Location" : null }

This results the document having either null or not values.

To remove null values

db.student.update({_id:3},{$unset:{Loaction:null}});

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })

Count:

To find the number documents in a collection count is used.

db.student.count();

To find the number of documents contains hobbies as chess

db.student.count({Hobbies:"chess"});
2
 Limit

To retrieve the first particular number of documents

1. To retrive the first 2 number of documents

db.student.find().limit(2);

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "xxx", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "surfing" }

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

db.student.find({Hobbies:"chess"}).limit(1);

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "ZZZ", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

Sort
To sort the documents in ascending or descending order.

1. To sort in names ascending order: sort({Field name:1})

db.student.find().sort({Name:1});

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Anu", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "Music" }

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }
{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "Deepak", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "Dance" }
{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Suriya", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

2.1. To sort in names Desending order: sort({Field name:-1})

db.student.find().sort({Name:-1});

{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Suriya", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "Deepak", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "Dance" }
{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }
{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Anu", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "Music" }

We can sort two field at the same time

db.student.find().sort({Name:1,GPA:-1}) ( sorting names in ascendind ang gardes in

desending order)

Skip
To skip first particular number of documents

1. To skip first 2 documents

db.student.find().skip(2);

{ "_id" : 3, "Name" : "Anu", "GPA" : "9.5", "Hobbies" : "Music" }

{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "Deepak", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "Dance" }
2. To sort the documents from and skip first document

db.student.find().skip(1).sort({Name:1});

{ "_id" : 1, "Name" : "Babu", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

{ "_id" : 4, "Name" : "Deepak", "GPA" : "7.5", "Hobbies" : "Dance" }
{ "_id" : 2, "Name" : "Suriya", "GPA" : "8.5", "Hobbies" : "chess" }

3. To display the last two records from the collection student

db.student.find().skip(db.student.count()-2);

4. To retrive third, fourth documents

db.student.find().skip(1).limit(3);

Arrays

To create a collection by the name “Food”. Ecah documents have fruits array

1. To creaye collection Food

db.createCollection("Food");

2.Inserting values

db.Food.insert({_id:1,fruits:['banana','apple','cherry']});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Food.insert({_id:2,fruits:['orange','butterfruit','mango']});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Food.insert({_id:3,fruits:['pineapple','strawberry','grapes']});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Food.insert({_id:4,fruits:['banana','strawberry','grapes']});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.Food.insert({_id:5,fruits:['orange','grapes']});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

3. To display

db.Food.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "fruits" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] }

{ "_id" : 2, "fruits" : [ "orange", "butterfruit", "mango" ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "fruits" : [ "pineapple", "strawberry", "grapes" ] }
{ "_id" : 4, "fruits" : [ "banana", "strawberry", "grapes" ] }
{ "_id" : 5, "fruits" : [ "orange", "grapes" ] }
Array opeartions

1. To find documents contains fruits banana,apple andc herry

db.Food.find({fruits:['banana', 'apple', 'cherry' ] });

2. To find document which has fruit banana as an element

db.Food.find({fruits:'banana'});

3. To find documents those have the fruits array having”garpes” in the first index postion

db.Food.find({'fruits.1':'grapes'}); (index starts with 0)

4.To find documents those have the fruits array having”garpes” in the second index postion

db.Food.find({'fruits.2':'grapes'});

5. size of array (to find the document having the fruit arry size as 2)

db.Food.find({"fruits":{$size:2}});

6. To display the first two elemnts of the array from document 1 using Slice

db.Food.find({_id:1},{"fruits":{$slice:2}});

7. To find documents which have elements”orange” and “grapes” in the array fruit.($all)

db.Food.find({fruits:{$all:["orange","grapes"]}});

8. To dipslay only two elements from the arry starting with 0 th index poistion from document1

db.Food.find({_id:1},{"fruits":{$slice:[0,2]}});

9. To dipslay only two elements from the arry starting with 1 st index poistion from document1

db.Food.find({_id:1},{"fruits":{$slice:[1,2]}});

Update on arrays

we have collection food with the following documents;

{ "_id" : 1, "fruits" : [ "banana", "apple", "cherry" ] }

{ "_id" : 2, "fruits" : [ "orange", "butterfruit", "mango" ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "fruits" : [ "pineapple", "strawberry", "grapes" ] }
{ "_id" : 4, "fruits" : [ "banana", "strawberry", "grapes" ] }
{ "_id" : 5, "fruits" : [ "orange", "grapes" ] }
1. To update the document with id:4 and replace the element present in the 1 st index position of
the fruits array with apple

db.Food.update({_id:4},{$set:{'fruits.1':'apple'}});

2. To updtae the document id:1 and replace the element “apple “ with “An apple”

db.Food.update({_id:1,'fruits':'apple'},{$set:{'fruits.$':'An apple'}});

3. To upadte the document with _id:2 and push a new key value pair in the fruit array

db.Food.update({_id:2},{$push:{price:{orange:60,butterfruit:200,mango:120}}});

db.Food.find({_id:2});

{ "_id" : 2, "fruits" : [ "orange", "butterfruit", "mango" ], "price" : [ { "orange" : 60, "butterfruit" :

200, "mango" : 120 } ] }

4. To add an element in array: ($addToSet)

db.Food.update({_id:4},{$addToSet:{fruits:"orange"}});

This will add an new arry element in an dic 4.

5. To pop an existing element from an array ($pop)

db.food.update({_id:4},{$pop:{fruits:1}});

This will remove the element from arry poistioned in 1 st index.

6. Poping element form the beginning of the array

db.food.update({_id:4},{$pop:{fruits:-1}});

Aggregate functions
1. creating a collection “customer”

db.createCollection("customer");

2. Inserting values

db.customer.insert([{Custid:"C123",AccBal:500,AccType:"S"},
{Custid:"C123",AccBal:900,AccType:"S"},{Custid:"C111",AccBal:1200,AccType:"S"},
{Custid:"C123",AccBal:1500,AccType:"C"}]);

3. to display

db.customer.find();

{ "_id" : ObjectId("581840d812ad3161e8f54738"), "Custid" : "C123", "AccBal" : 500, "AccType" :

"S" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("581840d812ad3161e8f54739"), "Custid" : "C123", "AccBal" : 900, "AccType" :
"S" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("581840d812ad3161e8f5473a"), "Custid" : "C111", "AccBal" : 1200,
"AccType" : "S" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("581840d812ad3161e8f5473b"), "Custid" : "C123", "AccBal" : 1500, "AccType"
: "C" }

4. to group based on id and find the sum of total balance

db.customer.aggregate({$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:{$sum:"$AccBal"}}});

{ "_id" : "C111", "TotBal" : 1200 }

{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 2900 }

5. To filter on AccType:”S” and then groupit based on Custid and then compute sum of Accbal .

db.customer.aggregate({$match:{AccType:"S"}},{$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:
{$sum:"$AccBal"}}});

{ "_id" : "C111", "TotBal" : 1200 }

{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 1400 }

6.To filter on AccType:”S” and then groupit based on Custid and then compute sum of Accbal and
filter those documents where in the “TotBal” is graeter than 1200.

db.customer.aggregate({$match:{AccType:"S"}},{$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:
{$sum:"$AccBal"}}},{$match:{TotBal:{$gt:1200}}});

{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 1400 }

7. To group id and compute average salary of accBal for each type;

db.customer.aggregate({$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:{$avg:"$AccBal"}}});

{ "_id" : "C111", "TotBal" : 1200 }

{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 966.6666666666666 }

8. To group id and determine the amx and min accbal for each type;

db.customer.aggregate({$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:{$max:"$AccBal"}}});
{ "_id" : "C111", "TotBal" : 1200 }
{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 1500 }
> db.customer.aggregate({$group:{_id:"$Custid",TotBal:{$min:"$AccBal"}}});
{ "_id" : "C111", "TotBal" : 1200 }
{ "_id" : "C123", "TotBal" : 500 }
>
 MapReduce

To compute the total accBal of each customer based on AccType=S

1. map function

var map = function(){ emit(this.Custid,this.AccBal);}

2. reduce function

var reduce = function(key,values){ return Array.sum(values);}

3. To execute mapreduce

db.customer.mapReduce(map,reduce,{out:"CustomerTotal",query:{AccType:"S"}});

{
"result" : "CustomerTotal",
"timeMillis" : 436,
"counts" : {
"input" : 3,
"emit" : 3,
"reduce" : 1,
"output" : 2
},
"ok" : 1
}

4.To display the result:

db.CustomerTotal.find();

{ "_id" : "C111", "value" : 1200 }

{ "_id" : "C123", "value" : 1400 }

Java script programming

To execute jav ascripts in mongoDB we can use the method system.js

1. To find the java scripts in machine

> db.system.js.find();

when you execute this command it displays the prompt only it means there is no js program in
machine.
2. To add java script programming for factorial

db.system.js.insert({_id:"fact",value:function(n) {if(n==1) return 1; else return n*fact(n-

1);}});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

3. To verfiy the JS program is added or not

db.system.js.find();

{ "_id" : "fact", "value" : function (n) {if(n==1) return 1; else return n*fact(n-1);} }

4. To execute the factorial : eval function is used

> db.eval("fact(3)");

WARNING: db.eval is deprecated

Cursors in MongoDB
1. create a collection Alphabets

> db.createCollection("Alphabets");

{ "ok" : 1 }

2. Inserting all 26 letters as docments

db.Alphabets.insert({_id:1,alpha:"a"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

db.Alphabets.insert({_id:2,alpha:"b"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.Alphabets.insert({_id:3,alpha:"c"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.Alphabets.insert({_id:4,alpha:"d"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.Alphabets.insert({_id:5,alpha:"e"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.Alphabets.find();

{ "_id" : 1, "alpha" : "a" }

{ "_id" : 2, "alpha" : "b" }
{ "_id" : 3, "alpha" : "c" }
{ "_id" : 4, "alpha" : "d" }
{ "_id" : 5, "alpha" : "e" }

I inserted only 5 characters.

Find is the primary method to read documents.

When using cursor it iterates the read opeartion upto 20 documents by default.

3. Creating a cursor

var myc = db.Alphabets.find();

> myc;
{ "_id" : 1, "alpha" : "a" }
{ "_id" : 2, "alpha" : "b" }
{ "_id" : 3, "alpha" : "c" }
{ "_id" : 4, "alpha" : "d" }
{ "_id" : 5, "alpha" : "e" }

Manual cursors:

Using hasNext () and next() methods

> var myc = db.Alphabets.find({});

> while(myc.hasNext()){ var myrec=myc.next();

... print("the alphabet is :" + myrec.alpha);}

the alphabet is :a
the alphabet is :b
the alphabet is :c
the alphabet is :d
the alphabet is :e

Using forEach loop

> var myc = db.Alphabets.find({});

> var myrec;
> myc.forEach(function(myrec) {
... print("The alphabet is: " + myrec.alpha);});

The alphabet is: a

The alphabet is: b
The alphabet is: c
The alphabet is: d
The alphabet is: e
 Indexes
1. Creating acollection called “books”

> db.createCollection("books");
{ "ok" : 1 }

2. Inserting Documents

> db.books.insert({_id:6,Type:"ML",BName:"ML for Hackers",Qty:25,price:400});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.books.insert({_id:7,Type:"webmining",BName:"Mining social data",Qty:15,price:500});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.books.insert({_id:8,Type:"Programming",BName:"Python for data

analysis",Qty:25,price:700});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.books.insert({_id:9,Type:"Visualization",BName:"Visualizing Data",Qty:25,price:200});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.books.insert({_id:10,Type:"ML",BName:"ML for Bigdata",Qty:25,price:600});

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

3. Displaying documents

> db.books.find().pretty();
{
"_id" : 6,
"Type" : "ML",
"BName" : "ML for Hackers",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 400
}
{
"_id" : 7,
"Type" : "webmining",
"BName" : "Mining social data",
"Qty" : 15,
"price" : 500
}
{
"_id" : 8,
"Type" : "Programming",
"BName" : "Python for data analysis",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 700
}
{
"_id" : 9,
 "Type" : "Visualization",
"BName" : "Visualizing Data",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 200
}
{
"_id" : 10,
"Type" : "ML",
"BName" : "ML for Bigdata",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 600
}

4. Creating an index for “Type” field in the books collection using ensureIndex method

> db.books.ensureIndex({"Type":1});

{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1
}

5. Check the status of index (name and number)

> db.books.stats();

{ "ns" : "cursorexample.books",
"count" : 5,
"size" : 468,
"avgObjSize" : 93,
"storageSize" : 36864,
"capped" : false,
"wiredTiger" : {
"metadata" : {
"formatVersion" : 1
},

.................... },
"nindexes" : 2,
"totalIndexSize" : 53248,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 36864,
"Type_1" : 16384
},
"ok" : 1
}
6. Get the list of all indexes on the books collection using getIndexes() method
> db.books.getIndexes();
[
{
 "v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "cursorexample.books"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"Type" : 1
},
"name" : "Type_1",
"ns" : "cursorexample.books"
}
]

7. To use the index (using hint method)

> db.books.find({"Type":"ML"}).pretty().hint({"Type":1});
{
"_id" : 6,
"Type" : "ML",
"BName" : "ML for Hackers",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 400
}
{
"_id" : 10,
"Type" : "ML",
"BName" : "ML for Bigdata",
"Qty" : 25,
"price" : 600
}

8. Check the explain plan of index

> db.books.find({"Type":"ML"}).pretty().hint({"Type":1}).explain();

{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "cursorexample.books",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"Type" : {
"$eq" : "ML"
}
},
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
 "inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"Type" : 1
},
"indexName" : "Type_1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 1,
"direction" : "forward",
"indexBounds" : {
"Type" : [
"[\"ML\", \"ML\"]"
]
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "200809JUNC0287-A",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "3.2.10",
"gitVersion" : "79d9b3ab5ce20f51c272b4411202710a082d0317"
},
"ok" : 1
}

MongoImport and MongoExport

To import CSV file as JSON document

1. In a Command Prompt create a .CSV file

baskar@200809JUNC0287-A:~$ cat > Namelist.csv

_id,FName,LName
1,Anith,Devaraj
2,Dipak,Jena
3,Senthil,Prabhu
4,Vidya,Muthusamy
5,Arvind,Palaniappan

Enter ctrl d to exit from categorization

baskar@200809JUNC0287-A:~$ mongoimport -d mydb -c things --type csv --file Namelist.csv

–headerline
If the connection estabished properly you will get the following output

2016-11-02T11:58:10.449+0530 connected to: localhost

2016-11-02T11:58:10.651+0530 imported 5 documents

To confirm the output

Start mongo DB

> use mydb

switched to db mydb

> show collections;

things

> db.things.find();
{ "_id" : 2, "FName" : "Dipak", "LName" : "Jena" }
{ "_id" : 3, "FName" : "Senthil", "LName" : "Prabhu" }
{ "_id" : 4, "FName" : "Vidya", "LName" : "Muthusamy" }
{ "_id" : 5, "FName" : "Arvind", "LName" : "Palaniappan" }
{ "_id" : 1, "FName" : "Anith", "LName" : "Devaraj" }
>
MongoExport

Export JSON document into csv file

we have things collections in mydb

> use mydb;

switched to db mydb

> show collections;

things

> db.things.find();
{ "_id" : 2, "FName" : "Dipak", "LName" : "Jena" }
{ "_id" : 3, "FName" : "Senthil", "LName" : "Prabhu" }
{ "_id" : 4, "FName" : "Vidya", "LName" : "Muthusamy" }
{ "_id" : 5, "FName" : "Arvind", "LName" : "Palaniappan" }
{ "_id" : 1, "FName" : "Anith", "LName" : "Devaraj" }

Now this things JSON document is exported to output.csv file.

In command prompt

baskar@200809JUNC0287-A:~$ mongoexport --csv -d mydb -c things -f

"id","FName","LName" -o output.csv

To confirm

Cat output.csv

Note:

In Both Import and Export

-d : database name
-c : Collection name
-type: file type
-f: Fields
-o output