Complex Numbers 57

Critical Thinking Questions

 b d 
  
1. (c) Given equation a2  2a sinx  1  0  bc  ad  1  1 
 tan1  a c   tan1    tan  

 b d  ac  bd   3 
 2 sinx  4 sin2 x  4  1 . 
a  a c
2
 sinx   (1  sin2 x)

a  sinx  i cosx  n  ,n I
6

If x   a  1, x  270o  a  1 . b cos  i sin cos  i sin
2 6. (d)  
c cos  i sin cos  i sin
2. (d) Using i3  i, i5  i and i7  i , we can b
write the given expression as   cos(   )  i sin(   ) ......
c
(1  i)n1  (1  i)n1  (1  i)n2  (1  i)n2 (i)

 2[n1 C0  n1 C 2i 2  n1 C 4i 4  .....] c
Similarly,    )  i sin(   )
 cos( ......
a
(ii)
 2[n1 C0  n1 C 2  n1 C4  ....] a
and    )  i sin(   ) .....(iii)
 cos(
 2[n2 C0  n2 C 2  n2 C4  ....] b
from (i) + (ii) + (iii)
This is a real number irrespective of the values
cos(   )  cos(
   )  cos(
  )
of n1 and n2 .
i[sin(   )  sin(   )  sin(
   )]  1
3. (d) Given that z2  (p  iq)z  r  is  0 ......(i)
Equating real and imaginary parts,
Let z (where  is real) be a root of (i),
cos(   )  cos(   )  cos(
  )  1.
then
7. (b) We have
 2  (p  iq)  r  is =0
(1  i)(1  2i)(1  3i).....(
1  ni)  a  ib
or  2  p  r  i(q  s) =0 .....(i)
Equating real and imaginary parts, we have 
 2  p  r  0 and q  s  0 (1  i)(1  2i)(1  3i).....(
1  ni)  a  ib .....(ii)
Eliminating  , we get Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get
2 2.5.....(1  n2)  a2  b2
  s   s
   p   r  0
 q   q  8. (a) First note that |  z| | z| and

or s2  pqs q2r  0 or pqs s2  q2r | z1  z2 | | z1 |  | z2 |

4. (b) x  5  4i  x 2  10x  25  16 Now

| z|  | z  1| | z|  | 1  z| | z  (1  z)| | 1| 1
Now, x4  9x3  35x 2  x  4
Hence, minimum value of | z|  | z  1| is 1.
 (x2  10x  41)(x2  x  4)  160 160
9. (b) | (az1  bz2)| 2  | (bz1  az2)| 2
5. (b) We have 3  i  (a  ib)(c  id)

 ac  bd  3 and ad  bc  1
 a2 | z1 | 2 b2 | z2 | 2 2Re(ab)| z1 z2 | b2 | z1 | 2 
 b 1 d 
Now tan    tan  
-1

a
   c
a2 | z2 | 2 2 Re(ab)| z1z2 |
 58 Complex Numbers
 (a2  b2)(| z1 | 2  | z2 | 2)   
 2   1)  cos
 cos( 0
 2 
10. (a) We know that loga m  loga n  m n or
12. (c) Let z  a  ib,| z| 1  a2  b2  1
m n , according as a  1 or 0 a 1.
Hence for z  x  iy and w  c  id,| w|  1  c2  d2  1

log(1 / 3) | z  1|  log(1 / 3) | z  1|| z  1| | z  iw| | a  ib  i(c  id)| 2

| z  1|  (a  d)2  (b  c)2  4 ......(i)

 1  | z  iw| | a  ib  i(c  id)|

0   1
 3   (a  d)2  (b  c)2  4
| x  iy  1|| x  iy  1| ......(ii)
2 2
 (x  1)  y  (x  1)  y 2 2 From (i) and (ii), we get bc  0

 4x  0  x  0  Re(z)  0  Either b  0 or c  0

11. (d) Since | z1 | | z2 |  1 , we have

Ifb  0 , then a2  1 . Then, only possibility is
a  1 or 1 .
z1  cos 1  i sin 1, z2  cos 2  i sin 2
13. (c) Let zr (cos  i sin ) .
where  1  arg(z1) and  2  arg(z2 )
2
1 1
Also, z1  a  ib and z2  c  id. Then z   a z  a2
z z
Therefore a  cos 1 , b  sin 1, c  cos 2 1
 r2  2
 2cos2  a2 ……(i)
and d  sin 2 r
Differentiating w.r.t.  we get
Also, R(z1 z2 )  0
dr 2 dr
 R[(cos 1  i sin 1)(cos 2  i sin 2 )]  0 2r   4 sin 2  0
d r 3 d
 1   2)  i sin( 1   2)]  0
 R[(cos(
dr 
Putting  0, we get   0,
 d 2
  1   2)  0   1   2  
cos(
2 
r is maximum for   , therefore from (i)
 2
1   2 
2
1 1 a  a2  4
Now, w1  a  ic  cos 1  i cos 2 r2   2  a2
 r   a  r 
r2 r 2
 cos 1  i sin 1 z  12 5 z 4
14. (c) We have  and 1
 | w1 |  1 z  8i 3 z 8
Let z  x  iy , then
Similarly, | w2 |  1
Next z  12 5
  3| z  12| 5| z  8i |
z  8i 3
w1 w2  (cos 1  i sin 1 )(cos 2  i sin 2 )
 3| (x  12)  iy| 5| x  (y  8)i |
 1   2 )  i sin( 1   2 ) 
 cos(
 9(x  12)2  9y2  25x2  25(y  8)2
| w1w2 |  1 ....(i)
Finally, R(w1w2 )  R(w2 w1) z 4
and  1 | z  4 || z  8|
z 8
 R[(cos 2  i sin 2 )(cos 1  i sin 1 )]
 | x  4  iy|| x  8  iy|
 2   1 )  i sin( 2   1 )]
 R[cos(
 (x  4)2  y2  (x  8)2  y2  x  6
 Complex Numbers 59
Putting x  6 in (i), we get
2
y  25y  136 0
 y  17,8
Hence z  6  17i or z  6  8i 1 15   1 3 
Now amp(z1)   1  cos    cos  
Trick : Check it with options.  25   5
1 1 1 zz z z z z
15. (a) 1     1 1  2 2  3 3
z1 z2 z3 z1 z2 z3    15    1 3 
amp(z2)    2   sin1    sin  
2
( | z1 |  1  z1 z1 , etc) 2 2  25 2  5
(z)  min amp(z)|
 | max amp
| z1  z2  z3 | | z1  z2  z3 | | z1  z2  z3 |
( | z1 || z1 |)  3 3
  sin 1  cos 1
2 5 5
16. (c) Given numbers are
z1  10  6i, z2  4  6i and z  x  iy   3 3 3
   cos1  cos1    2cos1
2 2 5 5 5
 z  z1  
 amp  
 20. (a) We have z2  z1 and z4  z3
 z  z2  4
Therefore z1z2 | z1 | 2 and z3z4 | z3 | 2
 (x  10)  i (y  6) 
amp  z  z  zz 
 (x  4)  i (y  6)  4 Now arg 1   arg 2   arg 1 2 
(x  4)(y  6)  (y  6)(x  10)  z4   z3   z4 z3 
 1
(x  4)(x  10)  (y  6)2  | z |2   z 2

 arg 1 2   arg 1 
 12y  y2  72  6y  x2  14x  40 z =0
.....  | z3 |   3 
(i)
( Argument of positive real number is zero).
Now | z  7  9i | | (x  7)  i(y  9)|
21. (c) Given that arg zw =  .....(i)
 (x  7)2  (y  9)2 ....(ii)
z  i  0  z  i  z  i    iz
From (i),
(x2  14x  49)  (y2  18y  81)  18 From (i), arg (iz2 )  

 (x  7)2  (y  9)2  18 arg (i)  2arg(z)   ;

or [(x  7)2  (y  9)2 ]1 / 2  [18]1 / 2  3 2 

 2 arg(z)  
 | (x  7)  i(y  9)| 3 2 or
2

| z  7  9i | 3 2 . 3 3
2arg(z)  ; arg(z) 
2 4
17. (c) First deduce that a  b  c , then it will be
22. (d) Since
2
 z  z1 
equal to arg 3  (1  x)n  C0  C1x  C 2 x2  ..... Cn xn
z z  .
 2 1
Put x  i , on both the sides, we get
18. (d) Trick : On checking the options, (d) satisfies
both the conditions.
19. (b) We have (1  i)n  (C0  C 2  C 4  .....) i(C1  C 3  C5  .....)
max amp(z)=amp (z2 ), min amp (z)=amp .....
Y
(z1) (i)
  
15 15 Also, 1  i  2  cos  i sin  in amplitude
 4 4
Z2 1 Z1
25
modulus form
2

1
X
O
 60 Complex Numbers

  
n Similarly from (ii), we shall get DF  DE
 (1  i)n  2n / 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4 and FDE   2  1  

 n n  AC AB
 2n / 2  cos  i sin  Thus we get  and
 4 4  DF DE
....(ii) CAB  FDE
Equating the real parts in (i) and (ii) we get, Hence the triangle ABC and DEF are
similar.
n
C0  C 2  C4  C6  .....  2n / 2 cos 26. (a) One of the number must be a conjugate of
4
z1  1  i 3 i.e. z2  1  i 3
23. (c) x  cos  i sin  ei , y  cos  i sin  ei
or z3  z1ei 2 /3
and z2  z1ei 2 /3
m n m n im in  im  in
 x y x y e e e e
  2  2 
 ei(m n )  ei (m n ) z3  (1  i 3)cos   i sin   2
  3  3
 cos(m  n )  i sin(m  n )
Aliter : Obviously | z | 2 is a circle with centre
 cos(m  n )  i sin(m  n )
O(0, 0) and radius 2. Therefore,
 2 cos(m  n )
OA  OB  OC and this is satisfied by (a)
24. (d) We have because two vertices of any triangle cannot be
same.
8 8
2r 2r  2r 2r 

r 1

 sin
 9
 i cos
9 
  i  cos 9
r 1
 i sin
9 

27. (a) Let OA, OB be the sides of an equilateral
OAB and let OA, OB represent the
8 2r 8 z1 , z2
complex numbers or vectors
   , when   e
i
r
i e 9 i (2i / 9) Y
respectively.
r 1 r 1 B(Z2)
8 9
(1   ) (   )    1 
 i i  i   i Z 2– Z 1
(1   ) 1   1   Z2
 Z A(Z1)
( 9  e i 2  cos2  i sin2  1 ) 3
1

25. (b) Let the complex number a, b, c and u, v, w X

O
represent the vertices A, B, C and D, E, F
of the two triangle ABC and DEF From the equilateral OAB, AB  z2  z1
respectively.

Put b  a  r1ei1
 z  z1 
c  a  r2ei 2 arg  2   arg(z2  z1 )  arg z2   / 3

 z2 
v  u   1ei1 , w  u   2ei 2 and r  ei
z  
Substituting these values in the given relations and arg 2   arg(z2 )  arg(z1 ) 
c  a  r(b  a) and w  u  (v  u)r, we  z1  3
have
z2  z1 z
r2ei 2  ei r1ei1  r1ei( 1) Also  1 2 , since triangle is
z2 z1
.......(i)
equilateral.
i 2 i1 i i(1  )
and  2e  1e e  (1)e z2  z1 z2
.......(ii) Thus the vectors and have same
z2 z1
Equating moduli and arguments of the
complex numbers on both sides (i), we get modulus and same argument, which implies
r2  r1, 2     1 that the vectors are equal, that is

i.e., AC  AB and CAB   2   1  

 Complex Numbers 61
z2  z1 z2  y 3x  0 or y  3x  0 
  z1z2  z12  z22  z12  z22  z1z2
z2 z1 2 2
y  3x  0 .
Note : Students should remember this 31. (c) cos  cos  cos  0
question as a formula.
and sin  sin  sin  0
28. (a) If z  x  iy is a complex number satisfying
Let a  cos  i sin ;b  cos  i sin and
the given conditions, then
c  cos  i sin . Therefore
a2  3a  2 | z  2 | | z  i 2  2  i 2|
a  b  c  (cos  cos  cos )
| z  i 2 |  2 | 1  i |  a2  2 i (sin  sin  sin )
 3a  0  a  0 .....(i)
 0  i0  0
Since | z 2 | a2  3a  2 represents a
If a  b  c  0, then a3  b3  c3  3abc or
circle with centre at A( 2,0) and radius

a2  3a  2 , and | z  2i |  a2 represents (cos  i sina)3  (cos  i sin )3  (cos  i sin )3

the interior of the circle with centre at
 3(cos  i sin )(cos  i sin )(cos  i sin )
B(0, 2) and radius a, therefore there
will be a complex number satisfying the given
condition and the given inequality if the
 (cos3  i sin3 )  (cos3  i sin3 )  (cos3  i sin
distance AB is less than the sum or      )  i sin(     )]
 3[cos(
difference of the radii of the two circles, i.e., if or
( 2  0)2  (0  2)2  a2  3a  2  a cos3  cos3  cos3  3 cos(
     ).

 2 a  a2  3a  2  r r
32. (c) zr  cos 2  i sin 2
n n
4  a2  4a  a2  3a  2
  2 2
7 z1  cos 2  i sin 2 ; z2  cos  i sin 2
 a  2 or 7a  2  a  2 or a   n n n2
n
2
; ....
But a  0 from (i), therefore a  2 .
n n
1 2  zn  cos 2  i sin 2
29. (b) Area of the triangle  | z| n n
2
 lim(z1 z2 z3 .........zn )
1 n
 | z | 2  2  | z| 2  4  | z |  2 .
2
  
2  lim cos 2 (1  2  3  ...  n)
 z  z n
 n 
30. (c) z2  z| z|  | z| 2  0     1 0
 | z|  | z|
 
z  i sin 2 (1  2  3  ...  n)
   , 2  z   | z| or z   2 | z| n 
| z|
  n(n  1)  n(n  1)
 1 i 3   lim cos  i sin 
 x  iy | z|    or
 n  2n2
2n2 
 2 2 
i
 1 i 3   
x  iy | z|     cos  i sin  e 2 .
 2 2  2 2

33. (b) (x  1)3  8  x  1  (8)1 / 3
1 3
 x   | z|, y | z| or
2 2  x  1  2,2 ,2 2 

x  1,1  2 ,1  2 2
| z| | z| 3
x ,y  
2 2
 62 Complex Numbers
Trick : By inspection, we see that (b) satisfies
the equation i.e,
  2   2 
(1  1)3  8  0, (1  2  1)3  8  0  4  5cos 222    i sin 222  
  3   3 
(1  2 2  1)3  8  0 .
     
34. (c) Since 1, , 2 , 3 ,..... n1 are the n, nth  3cos 243    i sin 243  
  3  3 
roots of unity, therefore, we have the identity

 (x  1)(x   )(x   2 ).....(x   n1)  xn  1  2 2    

 4  5 cos  i sin   3  cos  i sin 
n
x 1  3 3   3 3
or (x   )(x   2 ).....(x   n 1) 
x1  1 3   1 3 
 4  5   i  3   i
n 1 n 2  2 2   2 
=x x  ..... x  1   2
Putting x  1 on both sides, we get 3
 4  4  2i i 3.
(1   )(1   ).....(1  
2 n 1
) n 2

35. (b) r th term of the given series 37. (d) a  cos(2 / 7)  i sin(2 / 7)

= r[(r  1)   ][(r  1)   2 ] a7  [cos(

2 / 7)  i sin(2 / 7)]7
 cos2  i sin2  1 .....(i)
= r[(r  1)2  (   2 )(r  1)   3 ]
S      (a  a2  a4 )  (a3  a5  a6 )
= r[(r  1)2  (1)(r  1)  1]
a(1  a6 )
= r[(r 2  3r  3]  r 3  3r 2  3r S  a  a2  a3  a4  a5  a6 
1 a
Thus sum of the given series
a  a7 a1
(n 1) S   1
  (r
r 1
3
 3r 2  3r) 1 a
.....(ii)
1 a

P    (a  a2  a4 )(a3  a5  a6 )

1 1 1  a4  a6  a7  a5  a7  a8  a7  a9  a10
 (n  1)2 n2  3. (n  1)(n)(2n  1)  3. (n  1)n
4 6 2
 a4  a6  1  a5  1  a  1  a2  a3 (From eqn
1 (i)]
 (n  1)n(n2  3n  4)
4  3  (a  a2  a3  a4  a5  a6 )  3  S
36. (c) Given equation is
334 365
 31 2 [From (ii)]
 1 3   1 3  Required equation is, x 2  Sx  P  0
4  5   i  3   i
 2 2   2 2 
 
 x2  x  2  0 .
334
 2 2  2r 2r
 4  5 cos  i sin  38. (d) 1
1/ n
 cos  i sin
 3 3  n n
365
 2 2  2r  2r 
 3 cos  i sin  Let z1  cos 1  i sin 1
 3 3  n n
 668 668  2r  2r 
 4  5cos   i sin  and z2  cos 2  i sin 2 .
 3 3  n n
 730 730 
3cos   i sin 
 3 3 
 Complex Numbers 63
Then

z 
 Z1OZ2  amp 1   amp(z1)  amp(z2 )
 z2 
2(r1  r2 ) 
  (Given)
n 2
 n  4(r1  r2 ) =4 × integer, so n is of the
form 4 k.
39. (a)
2(  1)( 2  1)  3(2  1)(2 2  1)  ......

 (n  1)(n  1) (n 2  1)
n

=  (r  1)(r  1) (r
r 1
2
 1)

=  (r  1)(r 
r 1
2 3
 r  r 2  1)

=  (r  1)(r
r 1
2
 r  1) =

 (r
r 1
3
 r 2  r  r 2  r  1)

n n 2
=  r 1
(r 3 )   (1) =  n(n2 1)
r 1
 n.

40. (d) We have,

(1   2 )m  (1   4 )m ( 3  1)

(1   2 )m  (1   )m

( )m  ( 2 )m
m
  
 2  1  ( 2 )m  1  ( )2m  ( 3 )
 

3
 m
2
Hence least positive integral value of m is 3.