70 Complex Numbers

10. (d) Given expression is 1  1  1  1  ..... upto

(2n  1) terms
Obviously number of terms is odd, so
expression has the value –1.
11. (a) 1  i 2  i3  i6  i8  1  1  i  1  1  2  i .
Integral power of iota, Algebraic operations 12. (c)
200
and Equality of complex numbers i(1  i 200)
i
n 1
n
 i  i 2  i3  ....  i 200 
1 i
(since G.P.)
1. (b)  2  3  i 2i 3  i2 6 6
i(1  1)
2. (b) We know that i 2  1    0.
1 i
(i 2 )2  (1)2  1  i 4n  1n
13
and therefore i4n1  i 13. (b)  (i
n 1
n
 in  1 )
1  i (1  i)(1  i)
3. (c) Since  i  (i  i  i3  ....  i13)  (i 2  i 3  .... i14)
2
1  i (1  i)(1  i)
Therefore i(1  i13) i 2(1  i13)
4n1  
 1 i  1 i 1 i
   i 4n1  ii4n  i (i 4n  1)
 1 i   1  i  i 2(1  i)
 i   i  i2  i  1 .
1  i 1  i 1  i (1  i)2 2i  1 i  (1  i)
4. (b)     i
1 i 1 i 1 i 2 2  i  1 i  1
n
  2i 
n

m 14. (a)       in
 i  1 i  1  2
  1  i   im  1 (as given)
 1 i  Hence, to make the real number the least
positive integar is 2.
So the least value of m  4 {i  1} 4

n n
15. (c) Let z  i[1 3 5....(2n1)]
5. (b) If (1  i)  2 ......(i)
Clearly series is A.P. with common difference =
We know that if two complex numbers are 2
equal, their moduli must also be equal,
Tn  2n  1 and Tn1  2n  1
therefore from (i), we have
| (1  i)n | | 2n |  | 1  i | n | 2| n , So, number of terms in A. P.  n  1

( 2n  0) n 1
Now, Sn1  [2.1  (n  1  1)2]
n 2
 12  (1)2 
  
 2n  ( 2)n  2n
  n 1
 Sn1  [2  2n]  (n  1)2 i.e. i(n1)2
n 2
 2n / 2  2n   n n  0
2 Now put n  1, 2, 3, 4, 5,.....
0 0
Trick : By inspection, (1  i)  2  1 1 n  1, z  i 4  1 , n  2, z  i 6  1 ,
6. (d) (1  i)5 (1  i)5  (1  i 2)5  25  32 . n  3, z  i 8  1 , n  4, z  i10  1 ,
2 2 n  5, z  i12  1,........
 1 i   1 i  2i   2i 
7. (c)         2
 1 i   1 i   2i  2i  1
16. (c) x   2 cos  x 2  2x cos  1  0
x
i584(i8  i6  i4  i 2  1) i584
8. (b)  1  574  1
574 8 6 4
i (i  i  i  i  1) 2
i 
2cos  4 cos2   4 
x
10
2
i  1  1  1  2 x  cos  i sin .
9. (d)
17. (a) in  in1  in 2  in 3  in[1  i  i 2  i 3 ]
S  1  i2  i4  ..... i2n  1  1  1  1  ...... (1)n n
 i [1  i  1  i]  0 .
Obviously it depends on n.
18. (c) (1  i)2  1  i 2  2i  2i and
Hence cannot be determined unless n is
2 2
known. (1  i)  1  i  2i  2i
 Complex Numbers 71
 (1  i)8  (1  i)8  (2i)4  (2i)4  The additive inverse of 1  i is
 24 (i 4  i 4 ) z  1  i
Trick : Since (1  i)  (1  i)  0 .
 25  32.
19. (a) (1  i)10  [(1  i)2 ]5  (2i)5  32i .
 (1  i)2   2i   3  i 
28. (a) Re   Re   
 3  i   3  i   3  i 
20. (a) 1  i 6  (1  i)6  [(1  i)2]3  [(1  i)2]3
 (2i)3  (2i)3  (8  8)i3  0 .  (1  i)2   2i  3  i 
Re   Re  
21. (d) i  i 2  i 3  .......up to 1000 terms  3  i   3  i  3  i 

i(1  i1000) i(1  (i4 )250)  6i  2  2 6  1

   Re   Re  10  10 i   5 .
1 i 1 i  9  1   
i(1  1) 29. (a) (1  i)x  (1  i)y  1  3i 
  0.
1 i (x  y)  i ( x  y)  1  3 i
22. (d) x  3  i  x  3  i Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

 x2  6x  10  0 
x  y  1 and  x  y  3 ; 
x 3  3x 2  8x  15 x  2, y  1 . Thus point is (2,  1) .
 x(x 2  6x  10)  3(x 2  6x  10)  15
(3  2i sin )(1  2i sin )
 x(0)  3(0)  15  15 . 30. (c) =
(1  2i sin )(1  2i sin )
23. (b) We have (1  i)2n  (1  i)2n  3  4 sin2    8 sin 
   i
 1 i 
2n  1  4 sin2    1  4 sin2  
   1  (i)2n  1  (i)2n  (1)2  
 1 i  Now, since it is real, therefore Im (z)  0
 (i)2n  (i 2 )2  (i)2n  (i)4  2n  4 8 sin
 n  2.  = 0  sin  0 ,    n
1  4 sin2 
(1  i)x  2i (2  3i)y  i where n  0 , 1, 2, 3, ......
24. (b)  i
3 i 3 i Trick : Check for (a), if n  0,  0 the given
 (4  2i)x  (9  7i)y  3i  3  10i number is absolutely real but (c) also satisfies
this condition and in (a) and (c), (c) is most
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
2x  7y  13 and 4x  9y  3 . Hence general value of  .

x3 and y   1 . ( 5  12i  5  12i )( 5  12i  5  12i )

31. (a)
Trick : After finding the equations, no need to ( 5  12i  5  12i )( 5  12i  5  12i )
solve them, put the values of x and y given
in the options and get the appropriate option. 5  12i  5  12i  2 5  12i 5  12i

25. (d) If z1 and z2 be two complex number then 5  12i  5  12i
10  2  (13) 3 2i
Re (z1z2)  Re(z1)Re(z2)  Im(z1)Im(z2)    i or .
24i 2 3
 1 3   3  4i 
26. (d)     32. (b) According to condition z is multiplicative
 1  2i 1  i   2  4i  identity therefore z  1 0i .
 1  2i 3  3i   6  16  12i  8i  33. (c) Given that a2  b2  1 , therefore
 2 2
 2 2 
1  2 1 1  22  42  1  b  ia (1  b  ia)(1  b  ia)

 2  4i  15  15i   1  2i  1  b  ia (1  b  ia)(1  b  ia)
  
 10  2 
(1  b)2  a2  2ia(1  b)
(17  11i)(1  2i) 5  45i 1 9 
    i. 1  b2  2b  a2
20 20 4 4
(1  a2 )  2b  b 2  2ia(1  b)
27. (c) If z  x  iy is the additive inverse of 1  i 
2(1  b)
then (x  iy)  (1  i)  0  x  1  0 ,
y1 0 2b 2  2b  2ia(1  b)
  b  ia
 x  1 , y  1 2(1  b)
 72 Complex Numbers
Trick : Put a  0, b  1 , x y
1  b  ia 1  1  0
   4(a2  b2)
 1 a b
1  b  ia 1  1  0 37. (b)
2 2
But options (a) and (c) give 1.  2i   2i   1  i  2 2
1  b  ia 1  i  1  i    1  i   1  i   (i  1)  i  1  2i  2i
So again put a  1, b  0,  i     
1  b  ia 1  i .
.
38. (c) Equation (x  iy)(2  3i)  4  i
Which gives (c) only.
3  2i sin  (2x  3y)  i(3x  2y)  4  i
34. (c) will be purely imaginary, if the Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
1  2i sin
2 2x  3y  4 ......(i)
3  4 sin 
real part vanishes, i.e., 0 3x  2y  1 ......(ii)
1  4 sin2 
5 14
 3  4 sin2   0 (only if  be real) From (i) and (ii), we get x  ,y 
13 13
3   Aliter :
 sin    sin  
2  3 4  i (4  i)(2  3i) 5 14
x  iy     i .
   2  3i 13 13 13
   n  (1)n     n  39. (c) Given equation
 3 3
35. (d) (x4  2xi)  (3x2  yi)  (3  5i)  (1  2yi)
1
     (x 4  3x 2 )  i(2x  3y)  4  5i
{(1  cos )  i.2 sin } 1  2 sin2  i.4 sin cos 
 2 2 2 Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

 
1
  
1 x4  3x2  4 ......(i)
=  2 sin  sin  i.2 cos  and 2x  3y  5 .....(ii)
 2  2 2
1
From (i) and (ii), we get x  2 and y  3,
  3
1 sin  i.2 cos
  1 2 2 Trick : Put x  2, y  3 and then x  2,
  2 sin  
 2     y
1
, we see that they both satisfy the
sin  i.2 cos sin  i.2 cos
2 2 2 2 3
given equation.
 
sin  i.2 cos (1  i)2 (2i)(2  i) 2 4
2 2 40. (c) We have    i .
 . 2 i (2  i)(2  i) 5 5
  2 
2 sin  sin  4 cos2  4
2 2 2 Thus Im (z)  .
it’s real part 5
 41. (a) If z  0. Let z  x  iy 
sin 2 2
z  x  y  i(2xy)2
2 1
 
    Re(z)= 0  x  0. Therefore
2 sin  1  3 cos2  2 1  3 cos2  2
Im(z )  2xy  0
2 2  2
1 Thus Re(z)  0  Im(z2 )  0 .

5  3 cos 5(8  6i)
42. (a)  a  ib 
36. (b) (x  iy)1 / 3  a  ib  (x  iy)  (a  ib)3 (1  i)2
 a3  3a2 .ib  3a.(ib)2  (ib)3 40  30i
 15  20i  a  ib
 a3  3ab2  i(3a2b  b3)
2i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
a  15 and b  20 .
x y
 a2  3b2 and  3a2  b2 43. (d) The two complex numbers can be compare
a b only when their real and imaginary parts are
equal. In other words, there is no meaning of
>, < in complex numbers.
 Complex Numbers 73
44. (d) Aliter : z  3  4i  (z  3)2  16
1  2i 4i (1  2i)(3  2i)  (4  i)(2  i)
   z2  6z  25  0
2 i 3  2i (2  i)(3  2i)
z4  3z3  3z2  99z  95
50  120i 10 24
   i.  (z2  3z  4)(z2  6z  25)  5
65 13 13
 (z2  3z  4)(0)  5  5
45. (b) a  ib  c  id , it is defined if and only if
imaginary parts must be equal to zero. 49. (d) If z1  1  i and z2  2  4i

Therefore ib  id  0  b  d  0 (i  0) z1z2 (1  i)(2  4i)

Then   2  4i 
3 z1 1 i
46. (b) If x  iy 
2  cos  i sin z z 
Im 1 2   4 .
3(2  cos  i sin ) 6  3 cos  3i sin  z1 
 
2
(2  cos )  sin  2
4  cos2   4 cos  sin2  3x  2iy 15
50. (d) Given that 
5i  2 8x  3iy
 6  3 cos   3 sin 
 i   24x2  9ixy 6y2  16ixy  75i  30
 5  4 cos   5  4 cos 
 24x2  6y2  25ixy  75i  30
3(2  cos ) 3 sin
 x ,y  Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
5  4 cos 5  4 cos
24x2  6y2  30 or 4x2  y2  5 and
2 2 9 xy  3
 x y 
(5  4 cos )2 On solving we get x  1, y  3
2 2
[4  cos   4 cos  sin  ] 100

9  6  3 cos 
51. (c) i k
 x  iy,  1  i  i 2
  4   3  4x  3
k0
5  4 cos  5  4 cos   ...... i100  x  iy
Trick : Given series is G.P.
3(2  cos  i sin )
x  iy  1.(1  i101) 1 i
(2  cos  i sin )(2  cos  i sin )   x  iy   x  iy
1 i 1 i
Let y  0 , then sin  0 i.e.,   0 .
 1  0i  x  iy
Now put x  1 then x2  y2  12  0  1 . Equating real and imaginary parts, we get the
Also option (b) gives 4(1) – 3=1. required result.
(p  i)2 (p2  1  2pi)(2p  i) 1  iz 1  i(b  ic) /(1  a) 1  a  c  ib
47. (d)   i   52. (a)  
2p  i (2p  i)(2p  i) 1  iz 1  i(b  ic) /(1  a) 1  a  c  ib
2p(p2  2)  i(5p2  1) (1  a  c  ib)(1  a  c  ib)
 
4 p2  1 (1  a  c)2  b2

4 p2 (p2  2)2  (5p2  1)2 1  2a  a2  b2  c2  2ib  2iab)

 
2
 2 
(4 p2  1)2 1  a2  c2  b2  2ac  2(a  c)
=
4 p6  6p 2  9p4  1
 a2  b2  c2  2a  a2  b2  c2  2ib(1  a)
(4 p2  1)2
1  1  2ac 2(a  c)
2a(a  1)  2ib(1  a) a  ib
p4 (4 p2  1)  2p2 (4 p 2  1)  (4 p2  1)   .
 2(1  a)(1  c) 1 c
(4 p2  1)2
53. (b) Let z1  a  ib, z2  c  id , then
p4  2p2  1 (p2  1)2
  . z1  z2 is real  (a  c)  i(b  d) is real
4 p2  1 4p2  1
 b d  0  d  b .....(i)
48. (a) Given that z  3  4i  z2  7  24i ,
z1z2 is real  (ad  bd)  i(ac  bc) is
z 4  117 44i and z4  527 336i real
 z 4  3z 3  3z 2  99z  95  5  ad  bc  0  a(b)  bc  0  a c
 74 Complex Numbers
 z1  a  ib  c  id  z2 (a  c and Since it is multiplicative identity, therefore
multiplicative inverse of
b  d)
1 i i i
54. (c) (x  iy)(p  iq)  (x2  y2 )i z2    2  .
2i i 2i 2
 (xp  yq)  i(xq  yp)  (x2  y2 )i
6i  3i 1
 xp  yq  0, xq  yp  x2  y2
60. (d) 4 3i  1 = x  iy
x y 20 3 i
  and xq  yp  x2  y2
q p
6i  4 0 0
x y
Let    . then x  q, y  p  4 3i  1  x  iy
q p
20 3 i
 xq  yp  x2  y2    2    1
[R1  R1  R2 ]
 x  q, y  p .
 (6i  4)(3i 2  3) = x  iy
(cosx  i sinx)(cosy  i siny)
55. (a) L.H.S.   (6i  4)(3  3)  x  iy
(cosu  i sinu)(cosv  i sinv)
 x  iy  0  0  i.0  (x, y)  (0, 0) .
sinucosv
61. (c) a  cos  i sin .
 sinu cosv[cos(x  y  u  v)  i sin(x  y  u  v)] 1  a (1  cos )  i sin
  .
 1  i  (3  2i) 5  i 1  a (1  cos )  i sin
56. (c) x  iy     Rationalization of denominator, we get
 3  2i  (3  2i) 13
1  a (1  cos )  i sin (1  cos )  i sin
5 1  
Hence x  ,y  . 1  a (1  cos )  i sin (1  cos )  i sin
13 13
(1  cos )(1  cos )  (1  cos )i sin  (1  cos )i si
 1 i 
100

57. (b) Given,    a  ib ; (1  cos )2  (i sin )2
 1 i 
1  cos2   i sin  i sin cos  i sin  i sin cos  s
 1  i   1  i  
    a  ib 1  cos2   2cos  sin2 
 1  i   1  i 
1  (cos2   sin2  )  2i sin 2i sin
100 100  
 (1  i) 
2
  2i  2 2
1  (cos   sin  )  2cos 2(1  cos )
 a  ib       (i)100
 2   2 
  
 a  ib  (i)  
4 25
 1  0i, Hence,

i.2 sin cos
2 2 i
cos
2  i cot .
a  1, b  0 .   2
2 sin2 sin
z1 4  5i 3  2i 2 2
58. (c)   62. (a) 3  2yi  9 x  7i
z2  3  2i  3  2i
Equating real and imaginary parts both sides
12 8i  15i  10
 9x  3  32x  31  2x  1  x  0.5
9  (2i)2
2y  7  y  3.5 .
z1 2  23  2 23 1  2i 1  2i 1  i 1 3
  i  ,  63. (b) z  z   i
z2 13  13   13 13  1 i 1 i 1 i 2 2
59. (c) Given z  1  i and i   1. Squaring both This complex number will lie in the II quadrant.
Ans. (b)
sides, we get
1
z2  (1  i)2  1  2i  i 2  1  2i  1 or 64. (b)
1  cos   i sin 
z2  2i. 1 (1  cos )  i sin
 
(1  cos )  i sin (1  cos )  i sin
 Complex Numbers 75
(1  cos )  i sin There exists no value of x common in (i) and
 (ii). Therefore there is no value of x for which
(1  cos )2  sin2 
the given complex numbers are conjugate.
(1  cos )  i sin
 1 1
2(1  cos ) 2. (a) Let z  x  iy, z  x  iy and z 
x  iy
(1  cos ) sin x  iy
 i .
2(1  cos ) 2(1  cos )  (z1) 
x2  y2
; 
1  cos 1 x  iy
Therefore its real part =  (z1) z  (x  iy)  1
2(1  cos ) 2 x2  y2
65. (d) a  ib  c  id, defined if and only if its 3. (c) Let z  x  iy , then its conjugate z  x  iy
imaginary parts must be equal to zero, i.e.
Given that z2  (z)2
b  d  0. So, b2  d 2  0 .
 x2  y2  2ixy  x 2  y2  2ixy 4ixy  0
66. (b) We know that, multiplicative inverse of x  iy
1 If x  0 then y  0 and if y  0 then x  0
is According to question
x  iy 4. (a) Let z  x  iy, z  x  iy
1  zz  0  (x  iy)(x  iy)  0 
x  iy  and only (b) is satisfying such
x  iy 2
x y 02

condition. It is possible only when x and y both

67. (b) (x  iy)1 / 3  a  ib simultaneously zero i.e., z  0  0i  0
5. (a) (a  ib)(c  id)(e  if)(g  ih)  A  iB .....(i)
x  iy  (a  ib)3  (a3  3ab2 )  i(b3  3a2b)
 (a  ib)(c  id)(e  if)(g  ih)  A  iB
 x  a3  3ab2 , y  b3  3a2b ......(ii)
Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get
x y
  a2  3b2 ,  b2  3a2 (a2  b2)(c2  d2)(e2  f 2)(g2  h2)  A 2  B 2
a b
6. (d) Let z  x  iy, so that z  x  iy, therefore
x y
   a2  3b2  b2  3a2 z 2  z  0  (x 2  y 2  x)  i (2xy  y)  0
a b
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
x y x2  y2  x  0 .....(i)
  4(a2  b2 )  k(a2  b2 )
a b 1
and 2xy  y  0  y  0 or x 
 k  4. 2
If y  0 , then (i) gives x2  x  0  x  0 or
Conjugate, Modulus and Argument of x  1
complex numbers
1
If x  ,
2
1. (d) sinx  i cos2x and cosx  i sin2x are
conjugate to each other if 2 1 1 3
Then x2  y2  x  0  y    

sinx  cosx
4 2 4
and
3
y 
cos2x  sin2x 2
Hence, there are four solutions in all.
 5 9
or tanx  1  x , , ,...... 7. (c) Here z  z  (x  iy)  (x  iy)  2x (Real)
4 4 4
……(i) and zz  (x  iy)(x  iy)  x2  y2 (Real).
 5 9 8. (a) According to condition, 3  ix2y  x2  y  4i
and tan2x  1  2x  , , ,........
4 4 4  x 2  y  3 and x2y  4 
 5 9 x  2, y  1
or x  , , ....... …..(ii)
8 8 8  (x, y)  (2,1) or (2,1)
 76 Complex Numbers
2  5i (2  5i)(4  3i) 7  26i 
9. (b)   .
4  3i 25 25 | z  4| 2 | z  2| 2  (x  4)2  y2  (x  2)2  y2
Therefore conjugate of the complex number is  4x  12  Re(z)  3 .
7  26i 2z1 z 3
.  iy or 1  iy , so that
25 19. (b) As given, let
3z2 z2 2
10. (c) As we know if a is real, then a  a
 z1 3 3
1 iy  1 1  iy
(z  a)(z  a)  (z  a)(z  a)  (z  a)(z  a) z1  z2 z
 2  2  2 1
| z  a| 2 z1  z2 z 3 3
1
1 iy  1 1  iy
zi x  i(y  1) x  i(y  1) z2 2 2
11. (b) Here  .
z i x  i(y  1) x  i(y  1)  | z| | z|
2 2
(x  y  1)  i(2x) 20. (b) | z1  z2 | 2  | z1  z2 | 2

x2  (y  1)2
 (x1  x2)2  (y1  y2)2  (x1  x2)2  (y1  y2)2
zi
As is purely imaginary, we get
z i
 2(x12 )  2(y12)  2(x22 )  2(y22)  2| z1 | 2 2| z2 | 2
x2  y2  1  0  x2  y2  1  zz  1 .
z1
c i 21. (b) Let  iy where y  R
12. (a)  a  ib .....(i) z1
c i This gives
ci 1  iy 1  iy 1  iy (1  y )  2iy 2
  a  ib .....(ii) z   
c i 1  iy 1  iy 1  iy 1  y2
Multiplying (i) and (ii), we get
1 1  y2
2
c 1  | z|  (1  y2 )2  4y2  1
 a2  b2  a2  b2  1 . 1  y2 1  y2
c2  1 .
13. (c) Given that (x  iy)(1  2i)  1  i 22. (c) L.H.S.= | z2 | | (x  iy)2 |
1 i 1 i  | x2  y2  2ixy| (x2  y2)2  (2xy)2
 x  iy   x  iy  .
1  2i 1  2i
 x 2
 y2  2
…..(i)
(2  i) 2
3  4i 3  i 13 9
14. (c) z     i R.H.S. | z| 2 | x  iy| 2  (x2  y2 )2
3 i 3 i 3 i 10 10
 x2  y2 ……(ii)
13 9
Conjugate  i . Therefore | z || z| 2 2
10 10
(b) True (c) False (since z  z ).
15. (c) z  3  5i , z  3  5i
2 2
 23. (b) z   2 | z|   2 | z| 2 2| z| 2  0
3
z | z|
z  (3  5i)3  33  (5i)3  3.3.5i (3  5i)
2 4  8
 198 10i | z|  1 3 .
2
Hence,
Hence max. value of | z| is 1  3
z 3  z  198 10i  198 3  5 i  198 3  5 i .
z1  z2 z  z2
2  3i (2  3i)(4  i) 8  3  12i  2i 24. (c) Given  1 1  cos  i sin
16. (b)   z1  z2 z1  z2
4i (4  i)(4  i) 16  1
(say)
11 10i
 z1 1  cos  i sin 
17    i cot
z2  1  cos  i sin 2
11 10i
 Conjugate  . which is zero, if   n (n  I ), and is
17
otherwise purely imaginary.
17. (c) Let z  1 i  z  1  i 25. (c) | z|  z  1  2i
18. (d) Given inequality | z  4| | z  2|
 Complex Numbers 77
Let z  x  iy , therefore 29. (a) Suppose there exists a complex number z
| x  iy| (x  iy)  1  2i which satisfies the given equation and is such
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get that | z|  1 .
3 Then z4  z  2  0   2  z4  z 
x 2  y2  x  1 and y  2  x
2 | 2| | z4  z|
3
Hence complex number z   2i .  2 | z4 |  | z|  2  2, because| z|  1
2
But 2  2 is not possible. Hence given
3 3 
Trick : Since  2i    2i  equation cannot have a root z such that
2 2  | z| 1
9 3 5 3
  4   2i    2i  1  2i 30. (c) We have | zk | 1, k  1, 2,....n
4 2 2 2
2 1
26. (a) Let z1  a  ib  (a, b) and  | zk |  1  zk zk  1 zk 
zk
z2  c  id  (c,d)
Therefore
Where a  0 and d  0 ......(i) | z1  z2  .... zn || z1  z2  .... zn |
Then | z1 || z2 |  a2  b2  c2  d2

z1  z2 (a  ib)  (c  id) ( | z | | z |)
Now 
z1  z2 (a  ib)  (c  id) 1 1 1
| z1  z2  ..... zn |   ....
z1 z2 zn
[(a  c)  i(b  d)][(a  c)  i(b  d)] Aliter : Let

[(a  c)  i(b  d)][(a  c)  i(b  d)] zk  cos k  i sin k , k  1, 2,....n

So that | zk | cos2  k  sin2  k  1

(a2  b2 )  (c2  d2)  2(ad  bc)i
 Then
a2  c2  2ac  b2  d2  2bd 1
(ad  bc)i  (cos k  i sin k ) 1  (cos k  i sin k )
[using (i)] zk
a2  b2  ac bd
Now, z1  z2  ..... zn
(z  z )
 1 2 is purely imaginary.
(z1  z2)  (cos 1  ..... cos n )  i(sin 1  ..... sin n )
(z1  z2)  1  1  1
However if ad  bc  0 , then will and       .....  
   z 
(z1  z2)  z1   z2   n
be equal to zero. According to the conditions
of the equation, we can have ad  bc  0
 (cos 1  ..... cos n )  i(sin 1  ..... sin n )
Trick : Assume any two complex numbers
Hence
satisfying both conditions i.e., z1  z2 and
1 1 1
| z1 | | z2 | | z1  z2  ..... zn |   .....
z1 z2 zn
Let z1  2  i, z2  1  2i, Since each side is equal to
z1  z2 3 i
   i
z1  z2 1  3i (cos 1  ..... cos n )2  (sin 1  .... sin n )2

Hence the result. 1

31. (b) Given that z  zz  1 
27. (d) It may be greater than, less than or equal to z
zero.
| z| 2  1 | z| 1
28. (a) If | z1 | 1 and | z2 | 1, then 32. (a) It is a fundamental property.
| z1z2 || z1 || z2 | 1.1  1 33. (a) Let z  x  iy ......(i)
Given | z  i | | z  i |
or | x  iy  i | | x  iy  i |
 78 Complex Numbers
or | x  i(y  1)| | x  i(y  1)| dr
Since | z| r is maximum, therefore 0
or x2  (y  1)2  x2  (y  1)2 d
Differentiating (i) w.r.t.  , we get
or x2  (y  1)2  x2  (y  1)2
dr 2 dr
or y 2  2y  1  y2  2y  1 or 4y  0 or 2r   4 sin2  0
d r 3 d
y0
dr
Hence from (i), we get z  x , where x is any Putting  0 ,we get sin2  0    0 or
real number. d
34. (a) z  x  iy , then 
| z  5| | x  iy  5| | x  5  iy| 2
 z is purely imaginary or purely real.
 (x  5)2  y2 .
(   0 is not given)
(2  i) 2 i 2 5
35. (c) (1  i) | 1  i |  1 38. (d) Trick : Check by putting z1  1  0i and
(3  i) 3 i 10
z2  0  i
z1  z2 z  z2
36. (c)  1 1  cos  i sin 1 1
z1  z2 z1  z2 39. (c) R.H.S = | ( z1  z2 )2 |  | ( z1  z2 )2 |
2 2
2z1 cos  i sin  1 1 1
   | z1  z2 | 2  | z1  z2 | 2
 2z2 cos  1  i sin 2 2
(Applying componendo and dividendo) {| z2 || z| 2}

z1  1
  i cot  iz1   cot  z2  2[| z1 | 2  | z2 | 2] | z1 |  | z2 |
z2 2  2 2
  3  2i   3  2i  3  2i 
But iz1  kz2  k   cot 40. (a)    
2  3  2i   3  2i  3  2i 
  9  4  12i 5  12
Now k   cot  cot  k     i 
2 2 13 13  13
2k 2 2
tan  Modulus =  5    12  1 .
k2  1  13  13
2k (b) z  x  iy | z| 2  x2  y2  1
 tan   41. .....(i)
1  k2
 z  1  (x  1)  iy (x  1)  iy
2k 
 1 Now,   
  tan  2
 2 tan 1 k  z  1  (x  1)  iy (x  1)  iy
 1 k 
(x2  y2  1)  2iy 2iy
z1  z2   [by
Now  cos  i sin 2
(x  1)  y 2 (x  1)2  y2
z1  z2
equation (i)]
  is the angle between z1  z2 and  z  1
Hence,   is purely imaginary.
z1  z2 .  z  1
37. (b) Let z  r(cos  i sin ) . 42. (c) Given expression, | 2z  1|  | 3z  2| ,

1 1
2 1
Then z   1  z =1 minimum value of | 2z  1| is 0 at z  . So
z z 2
2 1 1
1 value of given expression  0  ,
 r(cos  i sin )  (cos  i sin )  1. 2 2
r
2
2 2 minimum value of | 3z  2| is 0, at z  .
 1 2  1 2 3
 r   cos    r   sin   1
 r  r
1
 r2   2 cos2  1
r2
 Complex Numbers 79
1 1 1  i 1  i 1  i (1  i) 2
So value of given expression   0  . So 48. (d)   
3 3 1 i 1 i 1 i 2
1 Now
minimum value of given expression is .
3 1  i  r(cos  i sin )  r cos  1, r sin  1
43. (a) | z|  1| x  i y|  1 x 2  y2  1  r 2,   / 4
  
 
z  1 (x  1)  i y (x  1)  i y
   1 i  2 cos  i sin 
4 4
z  1 (x  1)  i y (x  1)  i y 
2
 1 1    
2 2
(x  y  1) 2i y 2i y (1  i)2  . 2 cos  i sin 
 2 2
 2 2
 2 2  4 4
(x  1)  y (x  1)  y (x  1)2  y2
  
(x 2  y2  1) By De Moivre's Theorem,  cos  i sin 
 2 2
 Re( )  0 . 
Hence the amplitude is and modulus is 1.
3  4xi 2
44. (c)   i  . Taking modulus and
3  4xi  1 i 
Trick : arg   arg(1  i)  arg(1  i)
 1 i 
2 2
squaring on both sides,     1.
45. (b) We have | z1 |  1 and z2 be any complex  45o  (45o )  90o
number. 1 i 1 i 2
   1.
z1  z2 | z  z2 | 1 i 1 i 2
  1
1  z1z2 z ; 49. (d) Let z  x  iy, z  x  iy
1 2
z1 y
Since arg(z)    tan 1
 z1z1  | z1 | 2
x
 y 
|z z | arg(z)    tan 1 
 1 2 | z1 | ; Given that | z1 |  1  x 
| z1  z2 |
Thus arg(z)  arg(z) .
|z z | |z z |
 1 2  1 2  1. 5
| z1  z2 | | z1  z2 | 50. (c) | z| 4 and argz   150o
6
46. (d) Let z1  r1 (cos 1  i sin 1) , z2  r2 Let z  x  iy , then | z| r  x2  y2  4
(cos 2  i sin 2) 5
and    150o
 6
 (r2 sin 1  r2 sin 2)2]1 / 2  x  r cos  4 cos 150o  2 3 .

1
and y  r sin  4 sin150o  4 2
 [r12  r22  1   2 )]
 2r1r2 cos( 1/ 2
 [(r1  r2 ) ]2 1/ 2
2
(| z1  z2 | | z1 |  | z2 |)  z  x  iy  2 3  2i

Therefore 5
Trick : Since argz   150o , here the
cos( 1   2 )  1   1   2  0   1   2 6
complex number must lie in second quadrant,
Thus arg (z1)  arg(z2 )  0 .
so (a) and (b) rejected. Also | z| 4 which
Trick : | z1  z2 | | z1 |  | z2 | z1, z2 lies on satisfies (c) only.
same straight line.
1 i 3 (1  i 3)(1  i 3)
 argz1  argz2  argz1  argz2  0 51. (c) If z  
1 i 3 (1  i 3)(1  i 3)
47. (d) Let z  5  3i
1  3  2i 3  2  2i 3 1 3
 r(cos  i sin )  5  3i     i
1 3 4 2 2
 r cos  5 and r sin   3
y 
3  3  Thus arg(z)  tan 1  tan 1 3   60o.
 tan  
5
   tan1 
 5 
x 3
 Since the complex number lies in III quadrant,
therefore
 80 Complex Numbers
arg(z) is 180o + 60o  240o Where  1  arg(z1), 2  arg(z2 )
Aliter : 
 1 i 3   1   2)  0   1   2 
 cos(
arg   arg(1  i 3)  arg(1  i 3) 2
 1 i 3 
  z   z  |z |  
o o o  arg 1    Re 1   1 cos   0
 60  60  120 or 240o .  z2  2  z2  | z2 |  2
52. (b) It is a fundamental concept.
53. (b) z  sin  i(1  cos ) z 
Note : Also Re 1   0  Re(z1 z2)  0
  z2 
    z1 z2
 2 sin2  is purely
 1  cos  1 2  imaginary.
amp(z)  tan1   tan
 sin     63. (c) We have | z1  z2 | 2
 2 sin cos 
 2 2 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 2| z1 || z2 | cos( 1   2)
    1  arg(z1) and  2  arg(z2)
 tan1 tan   . where
 2 2
Since argz1  argz2  0
1 i 3
54. (a) Let z   amp(z) or arg(z) | z1  z2 | 2 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 2| z1 || z2 |
1 3
 3 /(1  3)   (| z1 |  | z2 |) 2
1 1
 tan    tan 3
 1 /(1  3)  3  | z1  z2 ||| z1 |  | z2 ||
64. (c) Squaring the given relations implies that
 3
1
55. (c) arg(1  i 3)  tan    120o x1x2  y1y2  0

  1
y1 y
because it lies in second quadrant.
Now amp z1  amp z2  tan1  tan1 2
56. (c) x1 x2
 3 i 3 i   6  5i  i2  6  5i  i2 
arg    arg 
 y1 y2
 2 i 2 i   5  
1 x1 x2 y x  y2 x1
 10  tan  tan1 1 2
 arg   0. yy x1 x2  y1y2
 5 1 1 2
x1x2
57. (a) We know that the principal value of  lies
between  and  . 
 tan1   .
58. (b) Let z  0  ib , where b  0 . Then z lies on 2
 z 
+ve y-axis and so arg(z)  . 65. (a) We have arg 1   
2  z2 
59. (d) Let z  0  ib , where b  0 . Then z is
 arg(z1)  arg(z2 )   
represented by a point on OY  (negative
direction of y  axis), therefore
arg (z1 )  arg (z2 )  
 Let arg (z2 )   , then arg (z1)    
arg(z)   .
2    )  i sin(   )]
 z1 | z1 | [cos(
60. (a) Let z  a  i0 , where a  0 . Then
is z | z1 | ( cos  i sin )
represented by a point on negative side of x-
axis, therefore arg(z)   and z2 | z2 | (cos  i sin )
61. (c) Since the multiplication of a complex number | z1 | (cos  i sin )
by i rotates through it by a right angle in
negative (clockwise) direction. (| z1 || z2 |)
62. (a) We have | z1  z2 | 2 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 Hence z1  z2  0 .

 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 2| z1 || z2 | cos(
 1   2)
| z1 | 2  | z2 | 2
 Complex Numbers 81
66. (c) amp(z)   
   .
y  y  3 6 6
 amp( z)  tan 1   tan 1     
x  x  75. (d) Amplitude of 0 is not defined.
1 sin 76. (a) Since arg z  0 i.e. – ve, we choose arg z = –
67. (d) amp (z)  tan
1  cos 

        
 tan 1 cot   tan1 tan      .

68. (c)
 2    2 2  2 2
where  is
ve
arg (z)  [  ( )]
z 
arg 1   argz1  arg(z2)  argz1  argz2      2  (   )    arg(z)
 z2 
 arg( z)  arg(z)   . .
 arg(z1.z2 )
Option (c) gives the same result. 1 3i 1 3i 3i
77. (d) z  
 13  5i  3i 3i 3i
69. (b) arg   arg(13  5i)  arg(4  9i)
 4  9i  3  i  3i  3 4i
 = i
 5 1 9  31 4
  tan1   tan 
 13 4 4 amp (z)   / 2 [tan  b / a]
70. (b) Let z1  r1(cos 1  i sin 1) 2 2 1 3i
78. (c) z = 
Then | z1 | | z2 | | z2 | r1 1 3i 1 3i 1 3i
and arg(z1)  arg(z2)  0   2  2 3i

arg(z2)  arg(z1)   1 1 3
1 3
 z  i
 1)  i sin( 1)]  r1(cos1  i sin 1)
z2  r1[cos( 2 2
 z1 z1  z2 .  3 / 2  2
 arg(z)  tan1    .
 1 / 2  3
71. (c) | z1  z2 | | z1 |  | z2 |  

| z1  z2 | 2 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 2| z1 || z2 | 79. (b)

  3 i
z  cos  i sin  
6 6 2 2
 | z1 | 2  | z2 | 2 2Re| z1z2 |
3 1
 | z|   1
4 4
| z1 |2  | z2 |2 2| z1 || z2 | and
 2Re| z1z2 | 2| z1 || z2 |  y  1/ 2   
arg(z)  tan1    tan1    tan1  1 
1   2)  2| z1 || z2 |  x   
 2| z1 || z2 | cos(  3 / 2  3
 1   2)  1 or  1   2  0
 cos(   
 arg(z)  tan1  tan   .
 arg(z1)  arg(z2)  6 6
  
 1  i  1  i 1  i (1  i)2  2i 80. (c) sin  i  1  cos 
72. (a)       i 5  5
 1 i  1 i 1 i 2 2
  
Im(z)  0 , Hence amplitude =  / 2 .  2 sin cos  i2 sin2
10 10 10
73. (a,d) These are the properties of moduli.     
 2 sin  cos  i sin 
 1 3 i  10  10 10
74. (a) amp 
 3  i 

 amp
(1  3 i )  amp
( 3  i)
 82 Complex Numbers
 L.H.S. = (3  i)z = (3  i) x (3  i)
sin
10  tan 
For amplitude, tan   =
 10 2 2
cos x (3  i)(3  i)  x [(3)  1 ]  10x
10
 R.H.S. =
  .
10 (3  i)z  (3  i) x (3  i)  x[32  12 ]  10x
81. (d) Let z  1  i 3 Hence, L.H.S. = R.H.S.
b 3 
then   tan1
a
 tan1 
1

3
 z  x(3  i) satisfies the equation, then

Clearly, z is in III quadrant. z  x(3  i) , where x is a real number.

Therefore argument
87. (c) ( 8  i)50  349(a  ib)
2
  (   )  (   / 3)  . Taking modulus and squaring on both sides,
3
we get
82. (d) | z||  |  1 ......(i)
 z  z z (8  1)50  398(a2  b 2 )
and arg   i   1 .....
  2  
950  398(a2  b 2 )
(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii) 3100  398(a2  b 2 )
z z
| z | |  |  1 and   0; z  z  0  (a2  b 2 )  9 .
 
z
z   z    ; z   i|  | 2  i. . Square root, Representation and Logarithm of

complex numbers
83. (b) We have z  x  iy and let their complex z2
and given that arg (z)  z2  
a  ib a  ib
1. (a) x  iy   x  iy 
 y c  id c  id
z2    arg(z) ; z2     tan1 
 x
Also x2  y2  (x  iy)(x  iy) 
a2  b2
z2    [arg (z)]
c2  d 2
which lies in second quadrant, i.e.  z .
1  2i 1  2i 1  2i a2  b2
   1  0i  (x2  y2)2 
84. (b) c2  d2
1  (1  i)2
1  (1  1  2i) 1  2i
2. (b) Given that  8  6i  x  iy  z
Modulus =1
  8  6i  (x  iy)2
0 1
Amplitude  = tan  0.  x2  y2  8 .....(i) and 2xy  6
1
.....(ii)
85. (d) Given z1  1  2i , z2  3  5i and Now x2  y2  64  36  10 .....
z2  3  5i (iii)
From (i) and (iii), we get x  1 and y  3
z2z1 (3  5i)(1  2i) 13  i
  Hence z  (1  3i)
z2 (3  5i) 3  5i
Trick : Since {(1  3i)}2  8  6i
13  i 3  5i 44  62i 3. (b)  7  24i  x  iy
=  
3  5i 3  5i 34 Squaring both sides,
 7  24i  x2  y2  i(2xy)
 z z  44 22
Then Re 2 1    . Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
 z2  34 17 x2  y2  7 and 2xy  24
86. (a) Given : (3  i)z  (3  i)z  x2  y2  49  576  625  25

Let z  x(3  i) , x  R 4. (c) x  iy  (a  bi)

 Complex Numbers 83
 x  iy  a2  b2  2iab  x  a2  b2, 1  7i  3 3 
  2 cos  i sin 
y  2ab (2  i)2  4 4 

9. (b) If z  rei  r(cos  i sin )
2 2 2 2
 x  iy   (a  b )  2iab  b  a  2iab
 iz  ir(cos  i sin )  r sin  ir cos
 (b  ia) 2
 (b  ia) .
or eiz  e(r sin ir cos )  e sin ericos
5. (a) Let 3  4i  x  iy
or | eiz || e r sin || eri cos |  er sin | eir cos |
 3  4i  x 2  y2  2ixy

 x 2  y2  3, 2xy  4 ......(i)  e r sin [{cos2 (r cos )  sin2 (r cos )}]1 / 2  e r sin

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 (x  y )  (x  y )  4x y
1  i (1  i)(1  i) 1  (i)2  2i
2
 (3)  (4) 2
= 25 10. (b)    i
1  i (1  i)(1  i) 1 1
 x 2  y2  5 …..(ii)
 
From equation (i) and (ii) x 2  4  x   2 , which can be written as cos  i sin
2 2
y2  1  y   1. Hence the square root of 11. (c) Here  1   3  rei   1  i 3  rei
(3  4i) is  (2  i) .
 r cos  ir sin
6. (d) a  ib  x  yi  a  ib  2
 (x  yi)2 Equating real and imaginary parts, we get
 a  x 2  y 2 , b  2xy and hence r cos  1 and r sin  3

a  ib  x 2  y2  2xyi  (x  yi)2 2
Hence tan   3  tan  tan .Hence
 x  iy 3
Note: In the question, it should have been 2
  .
given that a, b, x, y R. 3
   12. (a) y  cos  i sin  ei , then
7. (d) Since 1  i  2cos  i sin ,| 1  i| 2
 4 4 1
 e i  cos  i sin
y
 | 1  i| x x
 2  ( 2)x  2x  2x / 2  2x
1
x y  2 cos .
  x x0 y
2
Therefore, the number of non-zero integral  3i   
13. (c,d) Since   cos  i sin 
solutions is nil or zero. 2  6 6
8. (a) 3
 3  i     
3
1  7i (1  7i) (3  4i) 25  25i     cos  i sin   i
   1  i 
 2 
  6 6
(2  i)2
(3  4i) (3  4i) 25
Let z  x  iy  1  i and
3i  
 cos  i sin
2 6 6
3
 r cos  1 and r sin =1   
3
4 3  i   
and   cos  i sin  i .
and r   2  2 2
2 
1  7i  3 3  Hence the result.
Thus  2 cos  i sin  14. (c)
(2  i)2  4 4 
1 3    
1  7i 1  7i 1  i 3  2  i  2cos  i sin   2ei / 3
2 2   3 3
Aliter :   2  
(2  i)2 3  4i
 (1  i 3)9  (2ei /3 9
)  29.ei(3 )
 1  7i   4
and arg   tan1 7  tan1    29 (cos3  i sin3 )  29
 3  4i   3
4 3  a  ib  (1  i 3)9  29 ;  b 0.
1 1
 tan 7  tan  i cos  i sin cos i sin
3 4 15. (a) ee e e [e ]

 ecos [cos(sin
 )  i sin(sin
 )]
 84 Complex Numbers
 Real part of ee is ecos [cos(sin
i
 )] 5 
  1
 5i   5  i
tan1   i tan1   log 3 
 i cos  i sin
16. (b) Let z  ee  ecos  i sin  e e 20. (c)
ze cos
 )  i sin(sin
 )]  3  3  2  5  1
[cos(sin  
cos
3 
ze  )  iecos sin(sin
cos(sin )
  5i   1 1
1 
)
ecos sin(sin Im tan1    log4  . 2 log2  log2
amp(z)  tan  cos    3  2 2
 e  )
cos(sin .
1
 sin )]   sin .
 tan [tan( 21. (a) Let z  (1  i) i . Taking log on both sides,
 logz  i log(
1  i)
1 i 3 1 i 3 3i
17. (c) z   z 
3i 3i 3i   
 i log 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4
 3  3i  i  3 2( 3  i)
z
3 1

4   i log  2e i  /4

3i    1 
 z  cos  i sin   i  log2  logei  / 4 
2  6 6 2 
  1 i  i 
Now z  cos  i sin  i  log2     2 log2  4
6 6  2 4 
  
100  z  e / 4 ei / 2log2 . Taking real part only,
 (z)100  cos  i sin 
 6 6 1 
 Re(z)  e / 4 cos log2 .
50 50 2 
 (z)100  cos  i sin
3 3  xi z  xi
22. (b) Let z  i log    log 
2 2  xi i  xi
 cos  i sin
3 3 z  x  i x  i
  log  
(z)100 lies in III quadrant. i  x  i x  i
3 3 4  x 2  1  2ix 
18. (d) x 2  3x  1  0  x  log
2 
 x 2  1 
3i 3 i
 x   z  x2  1 2x 
2 2 2   log 2 i 2  ......(i)
i  x  1 x  1
   
 x  cos   i sin  [Taking +ve sign] log(a  ib)  log(rei )  logr  i
 6  6
19. (d) Let z  1  i 3 , r  1  3  2 = log a2  b2  i tan1(b / a)
Hence,
 3
  tan1    2 2 2
  1  x2  1 
  3 z
 log      2x   i tan1  2x 
i  x2  1  2
 x  1
2
 x  1
 2 2   
 z  2  cos  i sin  [by eqn. (i)]
 3 3 
20 z x4  1  2x 2  4x 2
  2 2   log
 (z)20   2 cos  i sin  i (x 2  1)2
  3 3 
 2x 
20  i tan1  
20  2 2  2
 1 x 
2  cos  i sin 
 3 3 
 log1  i (2 tan1 x)  0  i (2 tan1 x)
20
 1 3 
 220  
 2
i

.  z  i 2 2 tan1 x  2 tan1 x
 2 
   2 tan1 x .
23. (c) eiA .eiB .eiC  eiAiBiC  ei( A B C )  ei
 Complex Numbers 85
[ A  B  C   ] 
i  
4 

= cos  i sin  (1)  i(0)  1 . OC  z3  z0  re  3 
 r 2ei
7 i 3  4i 
24. (d) z   =
3  4i 3  4i z1  z0  rei , z2  z0  rei , z3  z0  r 2ei
21 25i  4 25(1  i) Squaring and adding
 = (1  i)
16  9 25 z12  z22  z32  3z02  2(1     2 )z0rei
14 14 2 7
z  (1  i)  [(1  i) ] =
+ (1   2   4 )r 2ei 2
7 7 7 7
(2i)  2 i  2 i .
 3z 20 , since 1     2  0  1   2   4

Geometry of complex numbers Note : Students should remember this

question as a formula.
1. (c) Since the coordinates in complex plane are (2, 5. (b) Equation bz  bz  c
3) and (1,  1) Hence the required Putting z  x  iy, b  b1  ib2
distance is 5.
Trick : We know that the distance between where x, y, b1 , b2 are real, then the given
z1 and z2 is | z1  z2 | therefore, the equation become

required length | 2  3i  1  i | 5 .
(b1  ib2)(x  iy)  (b1  ib2 )(x  iy)  c
2. (b) Diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD are or 2b1x  2b2y  c
bisected each other at a point Which is equation of a straight line.
z  z3 z2  z4 Note : It is a fundamental concept.
i.e. 1   z1  z3  z2  z4
2 2 6. (b) Let z1, z2, z3 be three complex numbers in
3. (b) By adding aa on both the sides of A.P.
zz  az  az  b Then 2z2  z1  z3 .
we get, (z  a)(z  a)  aa  b Thus the complex number z2 is the mid-point
2 2 2
 | z  a| | a| b, { zz | z| } of the line joining the points z1 and z3 So
This equation will represent a circle with the three points z1, z2 and z3 are in a
centre z  a, if 2
| a| b  0, i.e.| a|  b 2
straight line.
since | a| 2  b represents point circle only. 7. (b) Since the triangle with vertices
z1  a  i, z2  1  bi and z3  0 is
4. (c) Let r be the circum radius of the equilateral
equilateral, we have
triangle and  the cube root of unity.
A(Z1)
Y z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z2z3  z3z1
A(Z1–
  (a  i)2  (1  ib)2  0  (a  i)(1  ib)  0  0
Z 0) r
2 O 2  a2  b2  2i(a  b)  a  b  i(1  ab)
X O(Z0
3 3
) Equating real and imaginary parts,
C(Z3–
2
Z0) a2  b2  a  b ……(i) and 2(a  b)  1  ab
3 B(Z2) C(Z3) ..... (ii)
Let ABC be the equilateral triangle with From (i), (a  b)[(a  b)  1]  0
z1, z2 and z3 as its vertices A, B and C  either a  b or a  b  1
respectively with circumcentre O(z0 ) . The Taking a  b , we get from (ii)
vectors OA, OB, OC are equal and 4a  1  a2 or a2  4a  1  0
parallel to OA, OB, OC respectively.
4  16  4
 a  2 3
Then the vectors OA  z1  z0  rei 2

 
2 

Since 0  a  1 and 0  b  1, we have
i
OB  z2  z0  re  3 
 re a  b  2 3
 86 Complex Numbers
Taking a  b  1 or b  1  a, we get from (ii) 13. (a,b) It is given that OP  OQ
2  1  a(1  a) or a  a  1  0 , which gives
2  | OP | | OQ |  | a  ib| | c  id|
imaginary values of a . Hence a  b  2  3 Also OP  OQ,  OP  OQ  0
is the required value of a and b .  (a  c)  i(b  d)  0  a  c  0  b  d
8. (a) Let   1  5z , then   1  5z
14. (c) We have zk  1  a  a2  ..... ak 1 
1  ak
|   1| 5 | z | 5  2  10 (  | z| 2,
given value)
1 a
Thus  lies on a circle.  zk 
1

 ak
9. (c) Given the vertices of quadrilateral 1 a 1 a
A(1  2i), B(3  i),C(2  3i) and 1 | ak | | a| k 1
 zk    
D(2  2i) 1  a | 1  a| | 1  a| | 1  a|
Now, 1 1
AB  16  1  17, BC  16  1  17  zk lies within z   .
1  a | 1  a|
CD  16  1  17, DA  16  1  17

AC  9  25  34, BD  25  9  34

Hence it is a square.
10. (d) | z| 42  (3)2  5

Let z1 be the new vector obtained by rotating

z in the clockwise sense through 180o ,
therefore
z1  e i z  (cos  i sin ), i.e.,
z  4  3i
The unit vector in the direction of z1 is
4 3
  i .
5 5
Therefore required vector

 4 3   4 3 
 3| z|    i   15   i   12 9i
 5 5   5 5 
11. (b) Since maximum distance of any complex
number  from origin is given by |  |
therefore,
1 1 1 1 1
|  |        2
    ||

2 2 2
 |  | 2 2|  |  1  0  |  |
2
Hence max |  | is 1 2.
12. (b) 3  4i i.e., (3,4) lie in fourth quadrant in
complex plane, after turned anticlockwise
through 180o this will lie in II quadrant,
therefore, the number will be 3  4i , now
after stretching it 2.5 times i.e., multiplying by
2.5, the required complex number will be
15
 10i .
2