Worksheets and Checklists

for
Cleaner Production Clubs

ASIE/2006/122-578
Improving the living and working conditions of people in and
around industrial clusters and zones

IVAM

2008
©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 1
 List of worksheets and checklists

Nr. Worksheets Page

1A Leading team members 3
(maximum 4 members)
PLANNING & ORGANISATION
1B Core assessment team 4
(maximum 5 members)
2 PREASSESSMENT Setting the CP-assessment 5
focus
3 ASSESSMENT Simple flowchart 6
4 Input & output tables 8
5 Assessment of input & outputs 10
6 Cause analysis of waste & 11
emissions
7 Where – Why – How ? 12
8A OPTION GENERATION AND Description of option and 13
SCREENING benefits
8B Results of option screening 15
9 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS Investment and installation costs 17
10 Running costs before/after 18
investment
11 Pay back time 19

Nr. Checklists
1 PLANNING & ORGANISATION 20
2 PREASSESSMENT 21
3 ASSESSMENT 25
4 GENERATION & SCREENING 27
OF OPTIONS

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 2

WORKSHEET 1A: PLANNING & ORGANISATION:
LEADING TEAM MEMBERS (maximum 4 members)
1 Team leader

Name

Position

Justification

2 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

3 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

4 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

Justification: What are the main reasons to include the person in the team? Or in the case of a team
leader: What are the main reasons to appoint the person as a team leader.

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 3

WORKSHEET 1B: PLANNING & ORGANISATION
CORE ASSESSMENT TEAM (maximum 5 members)

1 Team leader

Name

Position

Justification

2 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

3 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

4 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

5 Team member

Name

Position

Justification

Justification: What are the main reasons to include the person in the team? Or in the case of a
teamleader: What are the main reasons to appoint the person as a teamleader?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 4

WORKSHEET 2: SIMPLE FLOWCHART
INPUT on this side OUTPUT on this side

(MATERIALS AND ENERGY) (PRODUCTS, BYPRODUCTS,

WASTES AND EMISSIONS

Use more worksheets for utilities (boilers, etc) and waste water treatment or in case the process is
complicated.

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 5

Worksheet 3: Setting the CP-assessment focus
In this worksheet the CP-assessment focus setting is explained in three steps. The first step is to
find and use benchmark to learn more about your process efficiencies. The next two steps will
consequently lead to the CP-assessment focus. The focus setting can be done on a stream (like
waste water) or a workshop or both. Also more than one stream can be selected in combination with
one workshop. It is also possible that one stream will be focussed on for the entire facility or plant.
However, it must be practical for the assessment team.

Step 1 Benchmarks
Use experience records and benchmarks for material and energy utilisation per unit of product to
determine if your process can be improved and waste prevented.

Step 2 Stream selection

Give a rough estimation of quantities and costs per stream of raw materials, products and utilities
(waste water, water, energy, auxiliaries - like aiding agents and catalysts).

Stream selection Quantities per Costs per unit Quantity of Costs of

Selection
year losses losses

of focus
(in waste
stream)

Raw materials

(by)Products

Utilities

Step 3 Facility or unit selection

Give indication of importance for each facility or production unit (low/medium/high).

Criteria Facility or unit selection

A B C
Importance of pollution

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 6

 Solid waste

Air pollution

Water pollution

Quantity of utility consumption

Steam

Electricity

Water

Auxiliaries

Costs of losses:
Material losses

Product losses

Discharge/disposal

Other
Future developments

Technology & management reform

Regulations

Other
Other aspects
Occupational health

Use of hazardous materials and

safety

Quality of product & production rate

Other
Opportunities for CP

Expectation for participation of

leaders

Selection of CP-assessment focus

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 7

WORKSHEET 4: INPUT & OUTPUT TABLES

Input

Substance Annual usage Purchasing Costs of usage Application

costs per unit
Raw materials and auxiliary materials

Packaging materials
Paper
Wood
Plastic

Energy and utilities

Steam
Oil
Water
Electricity
Compressed air

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 8

Output

Waste/emission Quantity per Internal costs External costs Total costs

stream year

Total

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 9

WORKSHEET 5: ASSESSMENT OF UNIT INPUTS & OUPUTS

INPUTS OUTPUTS

RAW MATERIALS QUANTITY COSTS GASEOUS QUANTITY COSTS

EMISSIONS

U DUST QUANTITY COSTS

N
I
T (INTERMEDIATE) QUANTITY COSTS
PRODUCTS

O
P
CATALYSTS QUANTITY COSTS E
R BY-PRODUCTS QUANTITY COSTS
A
T
I
ENERGY QUANTITY COSTS O RE-USE in other QUANTITY COSTS
operations
N

WASTE WATER QUANTITY COSTS

WATER QUANTITY COSTS

RECYCLE LIQUID WASTE QUANTITY COSTS

AIR QUANTITY COSTS SOLID WASTE QUANTITY COSTS

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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WORKSHEET 6: CAUSE ANALYSIS OF WASTE AND EMISSIONS
Description of Quantity Costs Why is waste Detailed description of the
waste or generated? cause of waste stream or
emission emission
Composition raw
materials
Operating practices
Production management
Production technology
Production equipment
Product specifications
Description of Quantity Costs Why is waste Detailed description of the
waste or generated? cause of waste stream or
emission emission
Composition raw
materials
Operating practices
Production management
Production technology
Production equipment
Product specifications
Description of Quantity Costs Why is waste Detailed description of the
waste or generated? cause of waste stream or
emission emission
Composition raw
materials
Operating practices
Production management
Production technology
Production equipment
Product specifications

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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 On-site reuse Good operating practices Technology change Product Input
and recycling Good housekeeping & Better production Technology change & Equipment
modification substitution
management modification
Worksheet 7:

&source)
Where (waste stream
Where – Why – How ?

Why (cause assessment)

How (option generation)

12
©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability
 Worksheet 8A: Description of options and benefits
Option Description of option Benefits after implementation Cost
Nr level
Environmental Economical Other

Change of input materials

Technology change; improved equipment/process control

Good operation practices; good workers skills and good production management

Product modification

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Option Description of option Benefits after implementation Cost
Nr level
Environmental Economical Other

On site re-use and recycling

Cost level: A: Low/No cost options; B: Medium/high investment; C: complex/not enough information

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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 Worksheet 8B: Results of option screening

Option Option Results of screening Cost

Nr level
Implemented To feasibility Not considered
study

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Option Option Results of screening Cost
Nr level
Implemented To feasibility Not considered
study

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Worksheet 9: Feasibility study
Investment costs

Equipment costs Quantity Unit price Costs

……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
……… Rp -
Pumps Rp -
Piping Rp -
Total Rp -

Installation costs Costs

Electrical
Instrumentation
Plumbing
Mechanical
Civil
………
………
Total Rp -

Engineering costs Costs

Drawings
Calculations
………
………
………
………
Total Rp -

Other costs Costs

Import duties
Permits
Instruction
………
………
………
………
Total Rp -

Total cost of investment Rp -

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Worksheet 10 Feasibility study
Running costs after investment Running cost before investment per year
Raw materials Quantity Unit price Costs Raw materials Quantity Unit price Costs
Rp - Rp -
Rp - Rp -
Rp - Rp -
Rp - Rp -
Total Rp - Total Rp -

Auxiliary materials Quantity Unit price Costs Auxiliary materials Quantity Unit price Costs
Rp - Rp -
Rp - Rp -
Total Rp - Total Rp -

Energy cost Quantity Unit price Costs Energy cost Quantity Unit price Costs
Steam Rp - Steam Rp -
Electricity Rp - Electricity Rp -
Oil Rp - Oil Rp -
Gas Rp - Gas Rp -
Total Rp - Total Rp -

Environmental costs Quantity Unit price Costs Environmental costs Quantity Unit price Costs
Waste disposal Rp - Waste disposal Rp -
Water treatment Rp - Water treatment Rp -
Air emission abatement Rp - Air emission abatement Rp -
Total Rp - Total Rp -

Personnel costs Person-years Salary Costs Personnel costs Person-years Salary Costs
Operators Rp - Operators Rp -
Supervisors Rp - Supervisors Rp -
Total Rp - Total Rp -

Sales after investment Rp - Sales before investment Rp -

Total running costs after investment per year Rp - Total running costs before investment Rp -

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 18

 Worksheet 11: Feasibility study
Pay back time

Fill in the data from the worksheet with the investment costs

Equipment costs
Installation costs
Engineering costs
Other costs

Total investment costs $ -

Fill in the data from the worksheet with the old and new running costs
Total running costs before investment
Total running costs after investment

Annual savings (costs after investment minus costs before investment) $ -

Divide the investment cost over the annual savings, this will give you the

PAY BACK TIME IN YEARS #DIV/0!

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability 19

Checklist 1: Planning and organization
Commitment of company management
Yes No
• Is company management committed to the CP-assessment?
• Does company management agree with the CP-assessment
planning?
• Does company management allow the assessment team
members to spend enough time on the assessment?
• Is it clear what the goals of company management are?
• Do you have a clear arrangement for informing company
management during the assessment?
• Is sufficient budget allocated to immediately implement
obvious (housekeeping) CP-options?

Establishing the leading team and the assessment team

Yes No
• Has a leading team been established?
• Has the assessment team been established and approved by
the leading team or company management?
• Have the team members agreed upon tasks and
responsibilities?
• Do both team members support the facilitator (e.g. CP-
consultant)?

Gaining insight in possible barriers and opportunities

Yes No
• Did the assessment team identify possible barriers that could
negatively affect the CP-assessment?
• Has the assessment team discussed ways to overcome these
barriers?
• Did the assessment team identify possible opportunities that
could positively influence the CP-assessment?

Informing company employees about CP

Yes No
• Have you made a campaign to inform company staff about
CP and the upcoming CP-assessment?
• Do you have a plan to keep company staff involved about the
progress and results during the CP-assessment?
• Do you use different media (folders, announcement boards) to
distribute the results op the CP-assessment?

Planning the CP assessment

Yes No
• Has the planning been discussed among the team members
and the assessment team and leading team?
• Is it clear among all team members how much time is needed
for each phase and specific activities?
• Are deadlines set?
• Have team meetings been arranged?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Checklist 2: Pre-Assessment
Establishing a simple general flow chart
Yes No
• Does the assessment team have a good overview of all
facility and unit operations?
• Have the utilities and complementary facilities been included?
• Have the facility and unit operations been grouped in boxes
that facilitate the collection of data and the decision making
afterwards?
• Have the all inputs and outputs been considered, including
cleaning activities, energy consumption, shutdown and start-
up operations.
• Have input/output flows been analyzed in terms of quantity,
environmental impact, efficiencies and costs?
• Is an overall energy (electricity and heat) balance made for a
facility or the entire plant to permit prioritization of energy
conservation opportunities?

Establishing an assessment focus

Yes No
• Can you make a short-list with those units with the highest
impact in terms of environmental pollution, raw material and
energy-efficiency and operational costs?
• Did you use trend analysis of energy consumption, vs.
production rates in a distinct period to understand capacity
utilization on energy use efficiency?
• Did you consider the tariff structure of electricity supply
regarding maximum demand charge, and the energy demand
profile over day cycle?
• Did you compare energy and raw material (incl. auxiliaries)
consumption per kg of product with similar (inter)national
industries (benchmarking)?
• Is the selection of each possible assessment focus, based on
qualitative and limited quantitative information, justified (or is
more information required)?
• In case more additional information is needed, did you include
this unit as part of the assessment focus?
• Have you utilized in-house and external expertise for making
the justification based on benchmarking?
• Do you know whether the company is in compliance with
environmental and health & safety standards?
• Have you discussed the selection of focus(es) with leading
team and do they give full support to the selection of the
focus?

Set plant-wide cleaner production targets

Yes No
• Do you have reference material for raw material use, energy,
waste and emissions for comparison?
• Did you consider the tariff structure of electricity supply
regarding maximum demand charge, power factor?
• Are the short term (management) targets measurable?
• Are the short term targets also realistic (in terms of progress
and investment needs)?
• Are the short term targets discussed with and supported by
management?
• Have incentives been considered?
• Have you considered methods to regularly inform involved
employees about the progress?
©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability
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Implement obvious improvements
Yes No
• Have losses through leaks in pipes and valves, indications of
insufficient maintenance, running taps and losses through
improper handling been noted?
• Have the above noted losses been quantified in terms of
environment and money (value of material, lost sales)?
• Are simple energy saving measures (timers, insulation)
considered?
• Have solutions been proposed?
• Have solutions been implemented?
• Are the results being monitored?

General points
Yes No
Is a list with the focused and non-focused assessment items
included in the report?
Concerning the obvious improvements, is the situation before
and after the implementation described and quantified?
Did you include a simple general flow chart and are the
targets described in the report?
Is everything going according to the planning? Is adjustment
of the planning and division of tasks needed to allow for better
results?
Have you re-evaluated the objectives of the assessment?
Would refinement of the objectives serve the cleaner
production assessment?
Have you informed management and employees about the
progress of the cleaner production assessment?
Have you adjusted the composition of the assessment team in
anticipation of the needs for the following steps?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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INVESTIGATION OF THE PRESENT STATUS ON-SITE
INVESTIGATION

Description of the enterprise

• What is the current status of the enterprise, the main products, the production scale and
the production output (real output and design output or capacity)?
• What is the organizational profile of the enterprise?
• How can the management of the enterprise be described?
• Are there any expansion plans?
• What is the actual market situation? Is there a stable demand site?
• How can the physical location, the environment the enterprise is situated in, be
described?
• Geographic location, geological structure and hydro-geological, meteorological and
ecological environment, etc?
• How the financial situation is: what is the value of assets, the product sale, the profits
(after tax), etc?

Production data
• What are the different unit operations and main equipment?
• How is the product quality and are there variation in its quality?
• What are the major raw and subsidiary materials of production, the main products, the
consumption of energy and water in each workshop and consumption of the energy and
materials and utilities per unit product (can be annual figures)?
• What are the major material consuming operations and practices?
• What are the major energy consuming operations and practices?

Environmental status and issues

• What are the major pollution sources and the emission, including the status, quantity,
toxicity and so on?
• Is there a treatment of the major pollution sources, what are the results (waste
emissions characterized before and after treatment), what are the problems and the
treatment costs of unit wastes?
• What are the environmental monitoring practices?
• Are waste and heat reused or recycled and if so in what way?
• Are there relevant regulations and requirements related to the enterprise, such as
pollution discharge permits, regional total load limitation, and discharge standards of
various sectors?
• Does the enterprise comply with those regulations?

Maintenance, Housekeeping, Motivation of the employees

• Are there signs of poor housekeeping, are floors swept, drums covered etc?
• Are there noticeable spills, leaking containers, is there water dripping and running?
• Are there smoke, flumes, dirt etc. that indicate material losses?
• Is there corrosion, dirt, discoloration on walls, floors and equipment that may indicate
poor maintenance?
• Are there odors, experienced irritations, when entering the workplace that may indicate
leaks?
• Are all containers labeled as to their content and hazard?
• Do employees have any comments about the sources of waste and emissions in the
enterprise?
• How can the environmental awareness of the employees be described?

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Accident prevention
• Are preventive measures such as the use of protective cloths, safety booths, helmets,
dust caps, safety glasses, masks etc?
• Is emergency equipment available and visible to ensure rapid response to any incidents
or spills?
• Is there a history off spills, leaks, accidents or fires in the enterprise?

Production layout
• How can de production layout be described, is it compact or are the related units
located far from each other?
• Is there much transport of materials and products?
• Are the directly related unit operations close to each other?

Monitoring and control situation

• What is the level of monitoring of the operation, are data continuously collected and in
what way?
• What is the level of process control, are the functions manual or are these (partly)
automated?
• If the level of process control has been changed, is there information, for example
historical data collection, on the influence of the improve process control on the
environmental situation?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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CHECKLIST 3: Assessment
Establishing the material balance
Yes No
• Have you established a new more detailed flow diagram of
the assessment focus?
• Have you included all activities including, handling,
maintenance and cleaning?
• Have you considered all kinds of inputs and outputs?
(for inputs: raw materials, catalysts, water & air, power)
(for outputs: gaseous emissions, intermediate products,
recycled and re-used streams, by-products, waste water,
liquid wastes and solid waste)
• Have you put a cost to each input and/or waste stream?
• Have you checked if you have included all costs for waste
streams (value for raw materials, handling, transport, fees,
and waste treatment)?
• Have you used reliable data based on real data (and thus not
based on design criteria, capacity calculations, etc but on on-
site measurements, production and procurement/sales
records)?
• Have you carefully checked all figures for inconsistency in unit
(e.g. l/s, m3/h, GPM)?
• Most probably the inputs and outputs of your material balance
will not equal exactly. Whether the deviation is of importance
and/or needs to be investigated depends on the following
considerations.
Is the inconsistency significant?
Relates the deviation to toxic, expensive materials or waste
streams or to high risk of non-compliance?
Do you have a fairly good idea why the deviation exists?
Does the expected effort to correct the material balance weigh
up against the gain of a better insight?

Establishing the energy balance

Yes No
• Has a heat balance been prepared for the relevant unit and
facility operations?
• Is there excess heat or shortage?
• Did you set the box (battery limits) to prepare the heat
balance of the unit operation according the location of the
existing measuring devices (e.g. temp., pressure, flow)?
• Has the overall electricity demand and heat production been
put in a history diagram to define the peak demands?
• Did you link the production rates per facility and unit operation
to the heat and electricity demand?
• Have you put a cost to the energy consumption?
• Have you used reliable data based on real data (and thus not
based on design criteria, capacity calculations, etc but on on-
site measurements, production and procurement/sales
records)?
• Have you carefully checked all figures for inconsistency in unit
(e.g. psi, bar, barg)

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Finding and evaluating causes
Yes No
• Have you seriously considered every cause category of waste
& emissions?
(Be careful; do not neglect certain causes and or waste &
emission streams because you think that solutions may be
difficult to find or implement)
• Did you ‘translate’ the energy-efficiency of facility operations
to unit operations?
• Have you discussed the list of causes with the operators?
• Can you try to estimate the contribution of each cause to the
total flow of a particular waste stream in the assessment
focus? (try to measure, calculate and extrapolate)
• Have you analyzed the functions underlying the process?
• To which extent do basic assumptions influence the cause?

Implement obvious improvements

Yes No
• Some of the causes may be solved by simple solution (e.g.
housekeeping or adjustment of equipment settings). Have you
noted these options?
• Have solutions been implemented?
• Are the results being monitored?

General points
Yes No
• Is a list with all assessment items included in the report?
• Did you include the flow chart and the material and energy
balance in the report?
• Is everything going according to the planning? Is adjustment
of the planning and division of tasks needed to allow for better
results?
• Have you re-evaluated the objectives of the assessment?
Would refinement of the objectives serve the cleaner
production assessment?
• Have you informed management and employees about the
progress of the cleaner production assessment?
• Have you adjusted the composition of the assessment team in
anticipation of the needs for the following steps?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Checklist 4: Option Generation
Generating CP-options
Yes No
• Have you thought of including ‘fresh’ people in the
brainstorming session other than the assessment team
members?
• Is the position of the facilitator clear to make sure the
brainstorming session goes according to the fundamental
rules?
• Have you thought of using one or more different brainstorming
techniques, which might fit best to the situation and the
group?
• Did you make a good 'problem definition' before starting the
brainstorming (to make sure everyone tries to find solutions
for the same problems)?
• Have you thought of the following fundamental rules for
successful brainstorming?
- postpone judgment and criticism
- everything is allowed: 'wild' ideas lead to good solutions
- build on other people's ideas
- stick to the problem definition
• Did you look at the functionality of (parts of) unit operations?
• Have you thought of excessive design considerations
operational misunderstandings, undue demands?
• Do you have someone to write down all ideas provided by the
participants?

Screening of options
Yes No
• Have you involved experts from within the company or/and
experts from outside the company in the screening of
options?
• Have you arranged all options per unit of operation and
investigated if some of the options interfere with or exclude
each other?
• Have you made estimations for the change in inputs and
outputs?
• Have you been aware of possible shift from material savings
to increased energy demands and reverse effects?
• Have you looked at the technical, organizational, economic
and environmental consequences?
• Have you divided them into the following three groups?
- Options that can be implemented directly
- Options that look promising but need extra investigation
- Options that are clearly not (yet) feasible (next timers)

Implement obvious improvements

Yes No
• Have you started to implement those solutions that are
categorized as 'go'ers'?
• Are the results being monitored?

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General points
Yes No
• Is a list with all options included in the report?
• Did you include the modified flow chart and the modifications
in the material and energy balance in the report?
• Is everything going according to the planning?
Is adjustment of the planning and division of tasks needed to
allow for better results?
• Have you re-evaluated the objectives of the assessment?
Would refinement of the objectives serve the cleaner
production assessment?
• Have you informed management and employees about the
progress of the cleaner production assessment?
• Have you adjusted the composition of the assessment team in
anticipation of the needs for the following steps?

©IVAM Research and Consultancy on Sustainability

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Possible energy saving potential

Structure of energy Measures to be taken How to identify potential?

system

Management Setting up a task force "Energy Tasks and competence’s are not
concerns" clearly defined, there are no
regulations, no monitoring of energy
concerns (e.g. energy figures for newly
bought machinery)
Energy accounts No continuous registration and
updating of energy consumption and
costs
Respecting energy key figures High specific consumption of existing
machinery, out-of-date technology
Energy supply Use of environmentally friendly High 502, dust or NOx emissions, no
fuels renewable energy sources
Installation of solar. Collectors Great demand for warm/hot water,
even in summer
Load management High performance cost, low continuous
performance
Compensation for idle current High cost for idle current
Energy cost High cost for electrical energy in
comparison to similar plants
Conversion Co-generation Great parallel need (over 6000 h) of
heat and electricity
Boilers Low combustion efficiency, high
exhaust temperature, no flue gas
register, badly adjusted burners
Adjustment of burner Heat consumption drastically changed
performance (exchange nozzles) in recent years
Control and maintenance No cleaning of heat exchangers;
refrigeration checking the temperature in the
refrigerating chamber, insufficient
aeration
Compressed air Great losses due to leakage’s,
compressor located at a warm spot, no
maintenance of filters
Distribution insulation of pipes, High energy consumption in spite of
maintenance/exchange of steam low production (e.g. at night, on
traps weekends)
Consumer - Better adjustment of heating Adjustment, no thermostatic valves ,
Space heating no adaptation of room temperature to
Warm water seasonal weather conditions, no
lowering during the night, local
overheating, radiators blocked or in
niches
Lowering transmission losses no automatic gates, doors and
windows in a bad state, air extraction
not stopped when necessary
Warm/hot water High temperatures, no checking for
water saving fittings and water
stoppers, no insulation of pipes
Air conditioning No adjustment of air input
according to need, refrigeration,
internal heat and humidity
sources existent in the area, no
sunblinds, no adjustment to
specific needs (temperature and
volume)
Optimization of process Volume stream of carrier (water, Consumer -

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heat installations air) not checked, no or insufficient process heat
coverings and insulation, old
processes process heat (e.g.
convention dryers instead of infra
red dryers)
Use of waste heat Waste heat flows of different
temperatures are not guided and
used, waste heat from
refrigeration unit or product
refrigeration not used, waste
water not used
Maximum use of Capacity badly used, temperature Consumer-
refrigeration points lower than necessary, blocking of refrigeration
cooling area, interruption of cold
chain, heat sources placed near
refrigeration points, no coverings
Checking electrical drives Suction grids and nozzles not Consumer-
regularly cleaned engines electricity
generally run with partial load
Mounting of frequency For air fans and pumps with high
converters volumes which are not adjusted
Optimization of lighting Equipment more than 10 years
old, bad lighting, no partial control
Transport No logistic concept, no control of Consumpter-
the existing motor vehicle fleet Transport
and of routes, no transport by
sea, rail, public transport

(Source: Ecoprofit, STENUM, 1995)

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