LEMBAR KERJA MAHASISWA

Find some additional rules by firstly finding the definite integral below
1. Work out each of the problems
2. Try to construct a rule of generalization representing the rule you found from your work
at step 1)
3. You may use geogebra or other technological tools to represent the graphs or your idea
4. Make your own problem using the rules you found at step 2). Give the solution.

1. Given that
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)

3 3 2
∫−3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 6 and ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1, then ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ⋯
Analytical Solution:
We know that f(x) is even function, so 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) and also we know that f(x) is function that
has variable x²ⁿ for complying even function condition. From there we get integral from f(x) is
1
odd function because the variable is 2𝑛+1 𝑥²ⁿ⁺¹.
3 0 3
Then we have, ∫−3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 6 = ∫−3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= (((F(0)+c) - (F(-3)+c))+((F(3)+c)-F(0)+c)))
= F(3) - F(-3) (remember if f(x) is even function, so the integral of
f(x) is odd function that has formula f(x) = -f(-x))

= F(3)+F(3) =2F(3)

3
So, we change in integral form = 2 F(3) = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 6 .
3 2 3
Now we need to change 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 into = 2[ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥] = 6
2 3
= 2[ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥] = 6
 3 2
Has been known if ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑠 1 𝑠𝑜 = 2[ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 1] = 6
2
= [ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 1 ] = 3
2
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =2
So the answer is 2 .

Geogebra/maple simulation:
We must prove that f(x)=f(-x) for all even function of f(x).

From the curve we know that a domain x has same kodomain with x in a even function.

Rule of generalization:
So we can take the conclusion if there f(x) as even function so we get
f(x) = f(-x)
𝑛 𝑎 𝑛
and we get integral of ∫−𝑛 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫−𝑛 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 , 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ − 𝑛 < 𝑎 < 𝑛
𝑛
= 2 ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

New problem using the rule of generalization:

2. a. Given that
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)
 4 4 2
∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =18and ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2, then ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ⋯

Solution :
4 0 4
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 18
−4 −4 0
4 2 4
= 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥] = 18
2
= 2[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2] = 18
2
= [∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2] = 9
2
= [∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥] = 7
So the answer is 7.

2. Given that
10
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 12
1
−2
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = −10
−4
5
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 3), find ∫16 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Analytical Solution:
If we have f(x) = f(x+3) it’s mean that f(x) also equivalen with f(x+6)=f(x+9) ..... etc.
Because of that f(x) is periodic function on x+3n and n is integer number .

𝑎 𝑎
We can write f(x) = f(x+3) where ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 + 3𝑛)𝑑𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3𝑛
𝑔(𝑎)
= ∫𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑔((𝑥))𝑑𝑥
 5 16 16 7
We have ∫16 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫5 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫5 𝑓(𝑥 − 9)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
−2 7
We must remember about = − (∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫−2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥)
integral theorm : 7
=− (−10 + ∫−2 𝑓(𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥)
𝑏 𝑎 10
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − (−10 + ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥)
𝑎 𝑏
=− (−10 + 12) = −2
So the answer is -2.

Geogebra/maple simulation:
The other example of periodic function is :

Rule of generalization:
From my analytical answer above, there is a function that have value of f(x) periodic in every
spesific value of x. So we can write :
𝑎 𝑎
We can write f(x) = f(x+d) where ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑑. 𝑛)𝑑𝑥,
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑛
𝑔(𝑎)
= ∫𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑔((𝑥))𝑑𝑥
New problem using the rule of generalization:
a. Given that
13
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 20
4
1
∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = −12
−1
19 19 10
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 3), find ∫8 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫8 𝑓(𝑥 − 9)𝑑𝑥 = ∫−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 10
= ∫−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
10
= (-12) + ∫1 𝑓(𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
13
= (-12) + ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (−12) + 20 = 8
So the answer is 8.

2 7
3. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ. If∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 6 , then ∫3 𝑓(𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = ⋯
Analytical Solution:
It is also periodic functiona as number two, but in this function the constant is 2
We can write f(x)=f(x + 2)=f(x + 4)=f(x+6)=..... etc.
𝑎 𝑎
So, we can write f(x) = f(x+2) where ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑛)𝑑𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 +
2𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑔(𝑎)
= ∫𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑔((𝑥))𝑑𝑥

2 2
We know that ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑛)𝑑𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑏
𝑔(𝑎)
= ∫𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑔((𝑥))𝑑𝑥
 2 4
So,∫0 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
7 15 5 3 5
Then we have ∫3 𝑓(𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = ∫11 𝑓(𝑥 − 10)𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 5
= ∫1 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
5 5
= ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
5 4 5
= 2 ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2(∫3 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 + ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥)
6 5 6 6
= 2(∫5 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥) = 2 ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫4 𝑓(𝑥 − 4)𝑑𝑥
2
= 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2.6 = 12
So the answer is 12.

Geogebra/maple simulation:

Rule of generalization:
From my analytical answer above, there is a function that have value of f(x) periodic in every
spesific value of x. So we can write :
𝑎 𝑎
We can write f(x) = f(x+d.n) = f(x + d(n+1)) = ..... etc So : ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥 +
𝑑. 𝑛)𝑑𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑛
𝑔(𝑎)
= ∫𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑔((𝑥))𝑑𝑥
 New problem using the rule of generalization:
4 9
a. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ. If∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 8 , then ∫5 𝑓(𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = ⋯

We know that f(x)=f(x+4)=f(x+8), so

9 17 17 6
∫ 𝑓(𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥 − 11)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
5 13 13 2
4 6
= ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
6 4 4 6
= 8 + ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ∫2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫2 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)𝑑 = ∫4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =8

= 8 + 8 = 16

So the answer is 16.

4. Given that 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ. Write a mathematical question involving some
rules of definite integral, then give one of the solutions which could answer the question
you created. You may also use geogebra/maple simulation to show your work.
Mathematical question:
3. a. Given that
𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑓(−𝑥)

4 4 3
If∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 and ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2, then ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ⋯

Answer:
Analytical Solution:
We know that f(x) is odd function, so 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑓(−𝑥) and also we know that f(x) is function
that has variable 𝑥 2𝑛+1 for complying odd function condition. From there we get integral from
 1
f(x) is odd function because the variable is 2𝑛+1+1 𝑥 2 ⁿ+1+1.
4 0 4
Then we have, ∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 = ∫−4 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= (((F(0)+c) - (F(-4)+c))+((F(4)+c)-F(0)+c)))
= F(4) - F(-4) (remember if f(x) is odd function, so the integral of
f(x) is even function that has formula f(x) = f(-x))

= F(4)+(-F(4)) = 0
4
= 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
0
4
Now we need to change 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 into
3 4
= 2[ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥] = 0
4 3
Has been known if ∫3 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑠 1 𝑠𝑜 = 2[ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2 ] =0
3
= [ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 2 ] =0
3
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =−2
So the answer is-2 .

and we can take another odd function as xample :