Load, Shear and Moment Diagram Properties of Shear and Moment Diagrams

LOAD, SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM
Properties of Shear and Moment Diagrams

The following are some important properties of shear and moment diagrams:
1. The area of the shear diagram to the left or to the right of the section is equal to
the moment at that section.
2. The slope of the moment diagram at a given point is the shear at that point.
3. The slope of the shear diagram at a given point equals the load at that point.
4. The maximum moment usually occur at the point of zero shear. This is in
reference to property number 2, that when the shear (also the slope of the
moment diagram) is zero, the tangent drawn to the moment diagram is
horizontal.
5. When the shear diagram is increasing, the moment
diagram is concave upward.
6. When the shear diagram is decreasing, the moment
diagram is concave downward.
Degree Graph Area Centroid (x)

0°
h 1
0 𝑏ℎ 𝑏
2
b
1°
h x 1 1
1° 𝑏ℎ 𝑏
2 3
b
1 1
2° 2° 𝑏ℎ 𝑏
3 4
n° 1 1
n° 𝑏ℎ 𝑏
𝑛+1 𝑛+2
CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS
General Instruction: Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment
diagrams for the beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change
of loading positions and at all points of zero shear.
Example 1
Step 1: Compute the reactions and draw the Load Diagram.
RA = 41.4kN RB = 28.2kN
Step 2: Draw the Shear diagram. To make it easier, draw reference lines on each point.
41.4
17.4
0
-6.6
-28.2
Step 3: Draw the Moment diagram.
35.28
31.32
24.84
0
Solution:
For the shear diagram (V-diagram):

*Start at the left most part of the beam. The support reaction at A is positive 41.4 kN. So from the
base line of the shear diagram, draw a vertical line upward equal to 41.4 kN.
*From A to C: we will draw a horizontal line since there’s no applied load.
*At point C: there is a point load directed downward. So 41.4 kN minus the applied load is 17.4 kN.
*From C to D: draw a horizontal line.
*At point D: 17.4kN minus applied load at D. So we have -6.6kN.
*Point D to point E: Horizontal line
*Point E to point B: There’s a uniformly distributed load. So at point D, the shear is -6.6. To get the
shear at point B, just subtract the area of the distributed load.
𝑘𝑁
So −6.6𝑘𝑁 − 12 𝑚 (1.8𝑚) = −28.2𝑘𝑁
*The graph of the shear diagram from E to B will be a 1° curve (diagonal line) since the degree of
the graph of the distributed load is 0.
*Point B. At point B, we have a reaction (28.2kN) directed upward so the shear diagram will end at
the base point.
For the moment diagram (M-diagram):

*Start at point A. So if for the shear diagram, we focused on the load diagram, this time, we will focus
on the shear diagram. But if there’s an applied moment at the load diagram, we will add this
on our moment diagram.
*At point A: there’s no applied moment, so we will start at zero.
*A – C: 0 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐶.
That is 0 + 41.4𝑘𝑁(0.6𝑚) = 24.84𝑘𝑁𝑚
The graph will be a diagonal line since the shear diagram is a horizontal line.
NOTE: The degree of the graph for V is the degree of the load diagram plus 1.
The degree of the graph for M is the degree of the V-diagram plus 1.
*C – D: 24.84 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐶 𝑡𝑜 𝐷.

That is 24.84𝑘𝑁𝑚 + 17.4𝑘𝑁(0.6𝑚) = 35.28𝑘𝑁𝑚
Degree: 1st
*D – E: 35.28 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷 𝑡𝑜 𝐸.

That is 35.28𝑘𝑁𝑚 − 6.6𝑘𝑁(0.6𝑚) = 31.32𝑘𝑁𝑚
Degree: 1st
*E – B: 31.32 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝐵.

6.6+28.2
That is 31.32𝑘𝑁𝑚 − 2 (1.8𝑚) = 0
Degree: 2 (See figure below for the behavior of the graph)
nd
It is true that the moment at point B will be zero in the moment diagram since based on the load
diagram, there’s no applied moment at this point.
Padilla’s Cusp for Shear to Moment Diagram
(You can use this as reference in drawing shear and moment diagram)
Increasing Decreasing
+ -
- +
How to use Padilla’s Cusp?

Use this to know the right graph to be used on the moment diagram. If the graph on the V-diagram is
increasing positive, then the graph on the M-diagram must be
If decreasing positive, then
If increasing negative, then
And if decreasing negative, then
So since the V-diagram from point E to B of the beam above is increasing negative, then the M-
diagram from E to B is

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LOAD, SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAM

Properties of Shear and Moment Diagrams

Degree Graph Area Centroid (x)

Step 1: Compute the reactions and draw the Load Diagram.

Step 3: Draw the Moment diagram.

For the shear diagram (V-diagram):

For the moment diagram (M-diagram):

*C – D: 24.84 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐶 𝑡𝑜 𝐷.

*D – E: 35.28 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷 𝑡𝑜 𝐸.

*E – B: 31.32 − 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐸 𝑡𝑜 𝐵.

How to use Padilla’s Cusp?

If decreasing positive, then

If increasing negative, then

And if decreasing negative, then

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