ENGLISH TASK

HAZARD REPORT

Created by :
Farel Anggada Putra
Jose Andreas
Michael Galang A.P

3 Civil Construction 3

POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA

2020
 PREFACE

First off all, thanks to the Almighty God for God’s help, Atuthors finished
writing a paper Hazard Report in the calculated time

We arrange this report with the help of Mrs. Siti Aisyah. Dra, M.Hum as a
lecture in English Report Writing, wich has helped us. Therefore, we want to thank
Mrs. Siti Aisyah for her time, energy and thought that has been given to us to finish
this report.

In preparing this report, we recognize that the results of these reports are far
from perfect. So we as the authors really expect crtism and constructive suggestion
from readers as well.

Last but not least hopefully, this report can provide benefits to our particular
group and other students.

Authors,
 BAB I
PRELIMINARY

1. Background
There is always a risk of failure in every process / work activity. And when work
accidents occur, no matter how small, will result in a loss effect. Therefore, as much
as possible and as early as possible, accidents / potential workplace accidents must be
prevented / eliminated, or at least the impact should be reduced. The handling of
work safety issues within a company must be taken seriously by all components of
the business actor, cannot be partial and treated as marginal discussions within the
company.

In general, the causes of accidents in the workplace are as follows:

1. Fatigue
2. Environmental aspects and unsafe working condition
3. Human Error
4. Characteristics of the job

Therefore the author is interested in making a hazard report so that it can be

conveyed clearly and no further accidents occur.

1.1.1 Subject
1) What is Report?
2) What is Hazard?
3) What is Hazard Report?
4) Example of Hazard Report

1.1.2 Writing Purpose

This paper is intended for how to identify hazards and examples of making hazard
reports.
 BAB II
DISCUSION

2.1 REPORTS
2.1.1 Definition
A Report may be defined as a statement or an account, either big or small, on
some happenings, findings, observations or recommendations prepared either by an
individual or by a group. A report may be oral or written.

It may be prepared by a single individual (like a secretary or a departmental

head or an investigator) or by a group of persons or a committee or a sub-committee.
A report may be prepared at regular interval of time (like annual report of an
organisation or a monthly report by a branch to the head office) or only once (like a
report by an enquiry committee)

2.1.2 Types of Report

a) Formal or Informal Reports
Formal reports are carefully structured; they stress objectivity and
organization, contain much detail, and are written in a style that tends to
eliminate such elements as personal pronouns. Informal reports are usually
short messages with natural, casual use of language. The internal
memorandum can generally be described as an informal report.
b) Short or Long Reports
This is a confusing classification. A one-page memorandum is
obviously short, and a twenty page report is clearly long. But where is the
dividing line? Bear in mind that as a report becomes longer (or what you
determine as long), it takes on more characteristics of formal reports.
c) Informational or Analytical Reports
Informational reports (annual reports, monthly financial reports, and
reports on personnel absenteeism) carry objective information from one area
of an organization to another. Analytical reports (scientific research,
 feasibility reports, and real-estate appraisals) present attempts to solve
problems.
d) Proposal Report
The proposal is a variation of problem-solving reports. A proposal is a
document prepared to describe how one organization can meet the needs of
another. Most governmental agencies advertise their needs by issuing
“requests for proposal” or RFPs. The RFP specifies a need and potential
suppliers prepare proposal reports telling how they can meet that need.
e) Vertical of Lateral Reports
This classification refers to the direction a report travels. Reports that
more upward or downward the hierarchy are referred to as vertical reports;
such reports contribute to management control. Lateral reports, on the other
hand, assist in coordination in the organization. A report traveling between
units of the same organization level (production and finance departments) is
lateral.
f) Internal or External Reports
Internal reports travel within the organization. External reports, such
as annual reports of companies, are prepared for distribution outside the
organization.
g) Periodic Reports
Periodic reports are issued on regularly scheduled dates. They are
generally upward directed and serve management control. Preprinted forms
and computer-generated data contribute to uniformity of periodic reports.
h) Functional Reports
This classification includes accounting reports, marketing reports,
financial reports, and a variety of other reports that take their designation
from the ultimate use of the report. Almost all reports could be included in
most of these categories. And a single report could be included in several
classifications.
2.2 HAZARD
2.2.1 Definition
A hazard is any object, situation, or behavior that has the potential to cause
injury, ill health, or damage to property or the environment.
Health and safety hazards exist in every workplace. Some are easily identified
and corrected, while others are necessary risks of the job and must be managed in
other ways (for instance, by using protective equipment).
Most occupational hazards are inactive or have a low potential of actually
occurring; however, employers must be prepared to deal with them since a hazard
becoming active can generate an emergency situation.

2.2.2 Categories of Hazard

1. Biological Hazard
Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc., that
can cause adverse health impacts. For example, mould, blood and other
bodily fluids, harmful plants, sewage, dust and vermin.
2. Chemical Hazard
Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause harm.
These hazards can result in both health and physical impacts, such as skin
irritation, respiratory system irritation, blindness, corrosion and
explosions.
3. Physical Hazard
Physical hazards are environmental factors that can harm an employee
without necessarily touching them, including heights, noise, radiation and
pressure.
4. Ergonomic Hazard
Ergonomic hazards are a result of physical factors that can result in
musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a poor workstation setup in an
office, poor posture and manual handling.
 5. Physchosocial Hazard
Psychosocial hazards include those that can have an adverse effect on
an employee’s mental health or wellbeing. For example, sexual
harassment, victimisation, stress and workplace violence
6. Safety
These are hazards that create unsafe working conditions. For example,
exposed wires or a damaged carpet might result in a tripping hazard.
These are sometimes included under the category of physical hazards.

2.2.3 Hazard on Construction Site

1. Working at Height

Suitable training is required for all employees who work at height.

Employees should be trained in working on different pieces of equipment
and surfaces, such as how to work safely on scaffolding, ladders, and
roofs

Working at height must be properly planned and supervised, and

certain approaches and precautions should be adopted. These are:

 Avoid working at height where possible. For example, if something

can be assembled on ground level, do it there.

 Use equipment with an extra level of safety to reduce the risk of a

fatal fall. For example, a scaffold with a double guard-rail.

 Minimise the consequences of a fall, for example by providing a

safety net.

2. Moving Objects
A construction site is an ever-changing environment, and construction
hazards continue to increase as construction is underway. There are many
 moving objects commonly encountered on construction sites. These
include overhead lifting equipment, supply vehicles, and diggers, all of
which move around a usually uneven terrain.
Reducing risks should always be a priority. Workers should always:
 Avoid working close to the moving object.
 Be vigilant of their surroundings, especially if the object does not
have lights or beepers.
 Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as a high
visibility jacket, to ensure they are seen.
3. Slips, Trips, and Falls
Slips, trips, and falls can happen in almost any environment. As
construction sites often have uneven terrain, buildings at various stages of
completion, and unused materials on site, it is unsurprising that slips, trips,
and falls are a common hazard.
Some causes of slips and trips and how to prevent them include:
 Uneven surfaces – The risk of these can be reduced by providing
walkways that are clearly designated as walkways, having good
conditions underfoot, and being well lit.
 Obstacles – Instances of slipping and tripping over obstacles can
be dramatically reduced by everyone keeping their work and
storage areas tidy and designating specific areas for waste
collection.
 Trailing cables – Cordless tools should be used where possible. If
this is not possible, cables should be run at high levels.
 Wet or slippery surfaces – If a surface is slippery with mud it
should be treated with stone, and if it is slippery with ice it should
be treated with grit. Any areas that are slippery should be
signposted, and footwear with a good grip should be worn.
4. Noise
 Construction is noisy and, as a result, noise is a common construction
hazard. Loud, repetitive, and excessive noise causes long term hearing
problems, such as deafness. Noise can also be a dangerous distraction and
may distract the worker from the task at hand, which can cause accidents

5. Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome

Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a painful and debilitating
disease of the blood vessels, nerves, and joints. It is usually caused by the
prolonged use of hand-held power tools, including vibratory power tools
and ground working equipment.
HAVS is preventable, however once the damage is done, it is
permanent. HSE reports that nearly 2 million people are at risk of
developing HAVS. Damage from the disease can include the inability to
do fine work, and cold temperatures can trigger painful attacks in the
fingers.
Construction workers should be given appropriate protection when
using vibrating tools, and equipment should be well maintained.
6. Material and Manual Handling
Materials and equipment are constantly being lifted and moved around
construction sites, whether this be manually or by equipment. Either way,
handling carries a degree of risk.
Where duties involve manual handling, adequate training must be
provided. If an employee is required to use lifting equipment, they must be
trained in how to use this and a test should be taken to check their ability
to use the equipment safely.
7. Collapsing Trenches
A common occurrence on construction sites is the collapsing of
trenches with workers inside. Further, a building that is being demolished
or under construction can suddenly and unexpectedly collapse, which can
seriously injure, or even kill, those inside.
 Precautions for collapse need to be taken before work starts. If the
project requires a trench, site managers should:
 Consider the kind of support that is best suited for the trench.
 Ensure the trench is fully secure.
 Regularly inspect the trench both before and during the work shift

8. Asbestos
Asbestos refers to a set of six naturally occurring fibrous minerals.
When materials that contain asbestos are disturbed or damaged, these
fibres are released into the air. Inhaling these fibres can cause fatal and
serious diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis, and pleural thickening.
If there is asbestos on the construction site, workers must be informed
where it is. They must be trained in what to do should they come across
suspicious materials that may contain asbestos.
9. Electicity
It is harmful to be exposed to electrical live parts. Harm can occur
either by touching live parts directly, or indirectly by a conducting object
or material.
Most of these accidents arise from contact with overhead or
underground power cables and electrical equipment/machinery. Electric
shocks are a common cause for falls from ladders, scaffolds, and other
work platforms. There is also a growing number of electrocutions
involving workers who are not qualified electricians, but who are carrying
out electrical work on construction sites.
10. Airbone Fibres and Materials
Unsurprisingly, a lot of dust is produced on construction sites. The
dust on construction sites is often an invisible, fine, and toxic mixture of
hazardous materials and fibres. This can damage the lungs and lead to
diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and
silicosis.
 It is the duty of all employers to ensure protective equipment is used.
Simply providing it is not enough.

2.3 Hazard Report

2.3.1 Function of Hazard Report
The workplace can be dangerous and all employers are responsible for
carrying out risk assessments to identify the measures that need to be taken to protect
staff and visitors from hazards. The assessment should be recorded where there are
more than five people in the organisation.

However, it’s not just your employer’s responsibility to find hazards in the
workplace. Everyone has a part to play in reducing risks and it’s important to know
what to do if you spot a hazard.

2.3.2 Making of Hazard Report

1. Identify Hazard
Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any
particular situation, item, thing, etc. may have the potential to cause harm.
The term often used to describe the full process is risk assessment:
Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification). Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that
hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation). Determine appropriate ways to
eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be
eliminated (risk control).
Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible
hazards that may be present in your workplace. It may help to work as a
team and include both people familiar with the work area, as well as
people who are not – this way you have both the experienced and fresh
eye to conduct the inspection.
2. After Identify Done
a) During design and implementation
 Designing a new process or procedure
 Purchasing and installing new machinery

b) Before tasks are done

 Checking equipment or following processes
 Reviewing surroundings before each shift
c) While tasks are being Done
 Be aware of changes, abnormal conditions, or sudden
emissions
d) During Inspection
 Formal, informal, supervisor, health and safety committee
e) After Incidents
 Near misses or minor events
 Injuries
 2.4 Example of Hazard Report
2.4.1 Example Form 1
Hazard Identification Report Form      

Ref:       Version:      

Business name:      

Conducted by:       In attendance:      

Location of hazard:       Date:      

What is the hazard?

     

What are the risks associated with the hazard?

     

People/person who may be affected by the hazard:

     

What has already been done to control the hazard?

(Note: leave this section blank if nothing has been done)

     

Initial risk rating: low moderate high critical catastrophic

(Note: further action needs to be taken if the initial risk rating for the hazard is higher than “low”)

What further action needs to be taken?

(eg. provide training, review of safe work procedure, provide manual task equipment, etc…)

     

By when (date):     

Residual risk rating: low moderate high critical catastrophic

(Note: the residual risk rating should be “low” at this stage, if this is not the case, think of a more effective way to control the
hazard)

Completion date:       Completed by:      

2.4.2 Example Form 2
HEALTH & SAFETY

INCIDENT AND HAZARD REPORT

What are you reporting? INJURY/ILLNESS HAZARD NEAR HIT/MISS

FIRE/EXPLOSION PROPERTY DAMAGE

VEHICLE EVENT ENVIRONMENTAL EVENT SPILL

(includes near misses)

PERSONAL DETAILS
Title:....................................Surname:.............................................................................Given
name:.........................................................
Campus ...................................................................
Faculty/Area.............................................................................................................
School/office ......................................... Phone
No.:...................................................................Gender:..................................................

(Please Tick) STAFF STUDENT CONTRACTOR VISITOR

DETAILS OF THE INCIDENT

Date of the incident: .............. / ............. / ............ Time: ..................... AM/PM
Place (specific
location): .....................................................................................................................................................
..............
Describe the task being performed (Include details of equipment and methods used):
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................
Describe the incident (attach sketch where appropriate):
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................
Witnesses:
Name Their Division or area Ext
no
.........................................................................................................................................
................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................
DETAILS OF THE HAZARD
Where is the
hazard?........................................................................................................................................
...........
Describe the
hazard:.........................................................................................................................................
..........
.....................................................................................................................................................
...............................

DETAILS OF INJURY OR ILLNESS

Describe the injury and part of the body
affected:..................................................................................................................................................
Actions taken in relation to the
incident/hazard:.....................................................................................................................................................
Has the injured person lost one or more days of work or study Yes No

The person completing this form, supervisor and SHR must be signatory to
this form
Person completing this form: Name: ..................................................... Ph:.........................................................
Signature:.................................................... Date:.......................................................

Supervisor: Name:......................................................... Ph:.........................................................

Signature:.................................................... Date:.......................................................
Safety and health Name:......................................................... Ph:.........................................................
Representative: Signature:................................................... Date:.......................................................

Please return signed and completed form to Health and Safety by

Fax 9266 3977
2.4.3 Example Hazard Report

BOGOR RING ROAD ACCIDENT REPORT

1. Description

1.1 Chronology of Accident

Once upon a time, a pier head casting work is being done. Some parts
of pier head formwork accidentally fall and make the concrete mixture
spill out on the road. This accident took several victims.

1.2 Area of Report

That accident occurred at pier number 109 on Sholeh Iskandar Street,
Bogor City, Wednesday 10th of July 2019.

1.3 Victim cause by accident

This accident took 2 seriously injured victims. They are workers from
this construction project. When this incident happened, the victims were
standing on a formwork pole. After that, they were directly taken to
Hermina Hospital, Bogor.

1.4 Accident Cause

Cause of this accident is the lack of strength of the formwork structure
to withstand the concrete mixture load. According to other workers who
are involved, the checklist of that casting was less stringent so it is not
known that the formwork is not feasible. The method of work used is also
less effective.

2. Purpose of accident report

The purpose of accident report are to collect information as analysis
material to determine causes of the accident, to find the best solutions to
 anticipate similar accident, to fix the quality of safety work, and to make a
safe work area.

3. Possible remedies
Ways to anticipate that this accident will not happen again is checking the
tools that will be used strictly and regularly, always use a complete PPE when
doing work, and clean the work area of the surrounding people to minimize
the risk of accidents.

4. Immediate action
The actions that were taken when the accident happened are took the
workers who suffered serious injuries to the nearest hospital and who suffered
minor injuries to the clinic, do some checking on the part of formwork right
after the accident happened, and put a police line on the accident area.
 BAB III
CLOSING
4.1 Conclusion
The best way to protect yourself and your employees from workplace hazards is
to identify and manage them and take reasonable steps to prevent their potential to
harm.

In order to control workplace hazards and eliminate or reduce the risk, you
should take the following steps:

o identify the hazard by carrying out a workplace risk assessment;

o determine how employees might be at risk;
o evaluate the risks;
o record and review hazards at least annually, or earlier if something changes