The higher Institute of Engineering Design of Steel Structures II

El-Shorouk Academy Course Code: C.I.V. 352

Department: Civil Engineering 2nd √

Design Aides
According to Egyptian Code of Practice for Steel
Construction
(LRFD)

1Page DR. Nashwa Yossef

Load combinations: For compact section (Lb > Lr) (zone 3)
1.4 D Mn = Cb Mcr
1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5 Lr
Where:
1.2 D + 1.6 Lr + (0.5 L or 0.8 W) Cb is the bending coefficient
1.2 D + 1.3 W + 0.5 L + 0.5 Lr Mcr is the critical elastic moment, determine as follow:
1.2 D ± 1Q + 0.5 L 1380 Af 2 20700 2
0.9D ± (1.0 Q or 1.3 W) Mcr = S √( ) + ((L 2) ≤ Mp
d Lb b /rt )

Design strength of compression member For non-compact section (Lb ≤ L’p) (zone 1),
Pu = c * Pn = c * Ag* Fcr where c = 0.8 𝜆 − 𝜆𝑝
For c ≤ 1.1 Fcr = fy (1 − 0.384 c 2 ) 𝑀𝑛 ′ = [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑟 ) { }] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝜆𝑟 − 𝜆𝑝
For c > 1.1 Fcr = 0.648 fy /(c )2 Calculate L’p as for non-compact section
Slenderness parameter (c) is defined as 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑛′
𝐿′𝑝 = [𝐿𝑝 + (𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑃 ) { }]
fy 1 fy 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑟
c = √f = max* π ∗ √ E
e Where :
𝜆 is controlling slenderness parameter.
𝜆𝑝 is limiting slenderness ratio for compact section
Design strength of flexure member (127/√𝑓𝑦 for web)
Bending coefficient
Or (16.9/√𝑓𝑦 for rolled flange) and (15.3/√𝑓𝑦 for
For beams with straight line moment diagrams
welded flange).
𝑴𝟏 𝑴𝟏 𝟐 𝜆𝑟 is limiting slenderness ratio for non-compact
Cb = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓 (𝑴𝟐) + 𝟎. 𝟑 (𝑴𝟐) ≤ 𝟐. 𝟑
section (222/√𝑓𝑦 for web)
Or (33/√𝑓𝑦 for rolled flange) and (28/√𝑓𝑦 for
For compact section (Lb ≤ Lp ) (zone 1),
welded flange).
If Lb ≤ Lp so Mn = M p
Mu = 0.85 Mn Design shear strength
80 rmin
LP = for I shaped Vu = 0.85 Vn
√fyf
Where Vn is the nominal shear strength defined as
rmin is radius of gyration, fyf is yield stress for flange follow:
For hw/tw ≤ 112/√𝑓𝑦𝑤 Zone 1
For compact section (Lp <Lb ≤ Lr) (zone 2)
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑐𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑟 ) { }] ≤ 𝑀𝑝 Vn = 0.6 fyw Aw
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
For 112/√𝑓𝑦𝑤 < h/tw ≤ 139/√𝑓𝑦𝑤 Zone 2
Where : 112/√𝑓𝑦𝑤
Mp is the plastic moment Vn = 0.6 fyw Aw ( )
hw/tw
Mr is the limiting buckling moment = FL .S
For 139/√𝑓𝑦𝑤 < hw /tw ≤ 260 Zone 3
Cb is the bending coefficient
such that 9500
Vn = Aw
1380 A𝑓 1 (hw/tw)2
Lr = √ (1 + √1 + (2 𝑋 𝐹𝐿 )2 ) for I
𝑑 .𝐹𝐿 2 Where
shaped & channels h is the overall depth section
Where : Aw = h * tw
Af is the area of flange d is total depth
FL = 0.75 fy for rolled section
= 0.6 fy for welded section Doubly Symmetric Member in Bending and
0.104 r d 2
X= ( A t ) Compression:
f
rt is radius of gyration about minor axis for flange and 𝑃
For ∅ 𝑃𝑢 ≥ 0.20
1/6 of the web. 𝑛

2Page DR. Nashwa Yossef

 𝑃𝑢 8 𝑀 𝑀𝑢𝑦 Buckling Length factor (K) for column in rigid
0.8 𝑃𝑛
+ [ 𝑢𝑥 + 0.85 𝑀 ] ≤ 1.0
9 0.85 𝑀 frames:
𝑛𝑥 𝑛𝑦
𝐼
∑ ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑃 𝐿
For ∅ 𝑃𝑢 < 0.20 𝐺=
𝐼
𝑛
∑ ( ) 𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠
𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢𝑥 𝑀𝑢𝑦 𝐿
+[ + ] ≤ 1.0
2∗0.8 𝑃𝑛 0.85𝑀𝑛𝑥 0.85𝑀𝑛𝑦
Note that for columns with special end conditions
Where: the recommended value of (G) given in the next
Pu and Mu are the required compressive and table:
bending strength Roller
Base condition
Pu = Pnt + B2 P1t And hinged Fixed base
of column
Mu = B1 Mnt + B2 M1t base
Mnt, Pnt = moment and axial force for (P – δ) case GB GB = 10.0 GB = 1.0
of first order effect
M1t, P1t = moment and axial force for (P – 𝛻) case For beam with special end conditions:
of second order effect
Cm Side sway
B1   1.0 prevented
Pu
1 (I/L)g x 1.5 (I/L)g x 2
Pe1
Where, Side sway
Pe1 = 2EI / (KL)2 permitted
I is the moment of inertia for the axis of bending (I/L)g x 0.5 (I/L)g x 0.67
K≤ 1.0, calculated for braced case.
Cm = 0.6 - 0.4 (M1/M2) for beam column without
For welded connection:
transverse loads Design strength for fillet weld
If the beam column is with transverse loads Cm = Ruw = 0.7 * (0.4 fu)* s

0.85 for fixed hinged end or fixed or fixed, Cm = 1 In case where welds are subjected to normal and

for hinged- hinged end. shear factored load

2 2
𝑅𝑢𝑤(𝑒𝑓𝑓) = √(𝑅𝑢𝑤 )𝑓 + 3(𝑅𝑢𝑤 )𝑞
Buckling Length factor (K) for column with well-
defined end:
Buckling mode

K 1.00 0.80 0.65 2.10 1.20

3Page DR. Nashwa Yossef

 GA K GB GA K GB
∞
50.0 1.0
∞
50.0
∞ ∞ 20.0 ∞
100.0 10.0 100.0
10.0 10.0
50.0 50.0
5.0 5.0
4.0 4.0 30.0 30.0
3.0 0.9 3.0 5.0
20.0 20.0
4.0
2.0 2.0

10.0 3.0 10.0

9.0 9.0
0.8 8.0
1.0 1.0 8.0
0.9 0.9 7.0 7.0
0.8 0.8 6.0 6.0
0.7 0.7 5.0 5.0
0.6 0.7 0.6 4.0 4.0
2.0
0.5 0.5
3.0 3.0
0.4 0.4

0.3 0.3
2.0 2.0
0.6 1.5
0.2 0.2
1.0 1.0
0.1 0.1

0 0.5 0 0 1.0 0

Sidesway Prevented Sidesway Permitted

Code design equation for bolts Categories Category B (Service and Ultimate)
Service

Qb ≤ Ps
Category A (ultimate )
Ps = slip resistance for bolt
∅𝑣 𝑅𝑛𝑣 (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟)
Shear per bolt = Qb

Qb ≤ { ∅v R nv (shear)
Shear per bolt = Qb

∅𝑏𝑟 𝑅𝑏𝑟 (𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) Qb ≤ {

Where: ∅br R br (bearing)
∅𝑣 𝑅𝑛𝑣 = 0.6 (0.6 𝐹𝑢𝑏 ) 𝐴𝑠 𝑛 Where:
Factored

Bolts ( 4.6), (5.6) (8.8) ∅v R nv = 0.6 (0.6 Fub ) As n bolts

∅𝑣 𝑅𝑛𝑣 = 0.6 (0.5 𝐹𝑢𝑏 ) 𝐴𝑠 𝑛 ……..(8.8)
Bolts ( 4.8), (5.8) (10.9) ∅v R nv = 0.6 (0.5 Fub ) As n bolts
And∅𝑏𝑟 𝑅𝑏𝑟 = 0.7. 𝑑. (𝛼 𝐹𝑢 (min ∑ 𝑡)) (10.9)
γ Text,b ≤ 0.7 (0.66 Fub) As And
Tension
per bolt

where γ Text,b is tension force per bolt ∅br R br = 0.7. d. (α Fu (min ∑ t))
Text,b

from factored load γ Text,b + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As

Tension
per bolt
Textb

2
where P is the prying force
2
Q𝑏 γ Text,b
[ ] +[ ] ≤1
Shear &
tension

𝑅(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 0.7 (0.66 Fub ) As

γ Text,b + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As
∅ 𝑅 (𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟)
Shear &
tension

𝑅(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝑖𝑠 min 𝑜𝑓 { 𝑣 𝑛𝑣 Qb ≤ Ps (1- Text,b/T)

∅𝑏𝑟 𝑅𝑏𝑟 (𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔)
2 2
Where: Text,b is tension force per bolt from
Q𝑏 γ Text,bM service load
Shear and

[ ] +[ ] ≤1
bending

𝑅(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 0.7 (0.66 Fub ) As γ Text,M + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As

Shear

bendi
and

ng

γ Text,bM is tension force per bolt from Qb ≤ Ps

bending
Q𝑏
2
γ Text,b + γ Text,bM 2 γ Text,b +γ Text,PM + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As
bending
bending

tension
tension
Shear,

[ ] +[ ] ≤1
Shear,

Qb ≤ Ps (1- Text,b/T)
&

𝑅(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 0.7 (0.66 Fub ) As

&

4Page DR. Nashwa Yossef

 Category C (ultimate)
∅v R nv (shear)
Qb ≤ {

Shear per bolt = Qb

∅br R br (bearing)
Where:
∅v R nv = 0.6 (0.6 Fub ) As n bolts (8.8)
∅v R nv = 0.6 (0.5 Fub ) As n bolts(10.9)
And
∅br R br = 0.7. d. (α Fu (min ∑ t))

γ Text,b + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As

Tension
per bolt
Text,b
where P is the prying force

2 2
γ Text,b Qb
Shear &

[ ] ≤1 ] +[
tension

R (min) 0.7 (0.8Fub ) As

∅ R (shear)
R (min) is min of { v nv
∅br R br (bearing)
γ Text,bM + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As
bending
Shear
and

∅v R nv (shear)
Qb ≤ {
∅br R br (bearing)
γ Text,b +γ Text,bM + P ≤ 0.7 (0.8 Fub) As
bending
tension
Shear,

&

∅v R nv (shear)
Qb ≤ {
∅br R br (bearing)

Properties and strength of high strength grade (10.9) For HSB grade 8.8, the next value reduced by 30 %
Ps (ton) friction load on one bolt per one
Bolts diameter in mm

Bolts area cm2 (A)

Stress area (AS) in cm2

Pretension force T in tons

Required torque (M) kg/m

friction surface
Ordinary steel Crane

St. 37 & St. 37 &

St 52 St 52
St 44 St 44
Case of loading Case of loading

I II I II I II I II
M12 1.13 0.84 5.29 12 1.69 2.01 2.11 2.52 1.32 1.56 1.65 1.95
M16 2.01 1.57 9.89 31 3.16 3.37 3.95 4.71 2.47 2.92 3.09 3.66
M20 3.14 2.45 15.43 62 4.93 5.90 8.17 7.36 3.85 4.56 4.82 5.71
M22 3.80 3.03 19.08 84 8.10 7.27 7.63 9.10 4.77 5.65 5.96 7.06
M24 4.52 3.53 22.23 107 7.11 8.89 8.89 10.60 5.55 8.58 8.94 8.22
M27 5.73 4.59 28.91 157 9.25 11.56 11.56 13.78 7.22 8.55 9.03 10.70
M30 7.06 5.61 35.34 213 11.30 14.13 14.13 18.86 8.83 10.46 11.04 13.07
M36 10.18 8.17 51.07 372 18.47 20.58 20.58 24.55 12.86 15.24 18.08 19.05

5Page DR. Nashwa Yossef