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Tutorial Chapter 3

This document provides tutorial problems for analyzing forced vibration in spring-mass systems. It includes problems involving calculating resonant frequency and amplitude, estimating damping ratio from measured response amplitudes, modeling real-world systems like vehicle suspensions undergoing road vibrations, and analyzing rotating or reciprocating imbalance forces on vibrating structures. Solutions are provided for calculating key parameters like displacement, acceleration, damping, and phase angles between motion and excitation.

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hana
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359 views

Tutorial Chapter 3

This document provides tutorial problems for analyzing forced vibration in spring-mass systems. It includes problems involving calculating resonant frequency and amplitude, estimating damping ratio from measured response amplitudes, modeling real-world systems like vehicle suspensions undergoing road vibrations, and analyzing rotating or reciprocating imbalance forces on vibrating structures. Solutions are provided for calculating key parameters like displacement, acceleration, damping, and phase angles between motion and excitation.

Uploaded by

hana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Chapter 3 Forced Vibration

𝜔
1. Show that the peak amplitude takes place at a frequency ratio 𝑟 = 𝜔 = √1 − 2𝜉 2 .
𝑛

2. A spring mass system is excited by a force 𝐹0 sin 𝜔𝑡. At resonance, the amplitude of
vibration was found to be 1.2 cm while at frequency 0.8 times the resonant frequency,
amplitude was measured to be 0.8 cm. Estimate the damping ratio of the system. (ans:
𝜉 = 0.142)

3. A machine part weighing 5 kg vibrates in a viscous medium. Determine the damping


coefficient when a harmonic force of 36 N results in 15 mm resonant amplitude with a
period of 0.32 s. (ans: 𝑐 = 121.74 Ns/m)

4. A mass of 10 kg is suspended by a spring having a stiffness of 10000 N/m. The viscous


damping causes the amplitude to decrease to one-tenth of the initial value in four complete
oscillations. If a periodic force of 150cos50t is applied to the mass in vertical direction, find
the amplitude of the forced vibrations. What is its value at resonance? (ans: 𝑋 = 9.8 mm,
𝑋𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 82.42 mm)

5. A 35 kg block is connected to a base through a spring of stiffness 1.4 × 106 N/m in parallel
with a dashpot of damping coefficient 1.8 × 103 Ns/m. The base is given a harmonic
displacement of amplitude 10 mm at a frequency of 35 Hz. What is the steady-state
amplitude of the displacement of the block? Determine the steady-state amplitude of the
displacement of the block relative to its support. (ans: 𝑋 = 29.4 mm, 𝑍 = 34.3 mm)

6. A 35 kg flow monitoring device is placed on a table in a laboratory. A pad stiffness 2 × 105


N/m and damping ratio 0.08 is placed between the apparatus and the table. The table is
bolted to the laboratory floor. Measurements indicate that the floor has a steady-state
vibration amplitude of 0.5 mm at a frequency of 30 Hz. What is the amplitude of
acceleration of the flow monitoring device? What is the maximum defection of the elastic
mounting between the flow measuring device and the table? (ans: 𝑋 = 1.03 × 10−4 m, 𝐴 =
3.66 m/s2)

7. A simplified model of a vehicle suspension system is shown in Figure 1. The body of a 500
kg vehicle is connected to the wheels through a suspension system that is modelled as a
spring stiffness 4 ×105 N/m in parallel with a viscous damper of damping coefficient 3000
Ns/m. The wheels are assumed to be rigid and follow the road contour. The contour of the
road traversed by the vehicle is shown in Figure 2. (a) If the vehicle travels at a constant
speed of 52 m/s, what is the acceleration amplitude of the vehicle? (b) Let A be the
amplitude of the absolute acceleration of this vehicle. Given that Y is the amplitude of the
road contour, show that
A 1+(2ζr)2
ω2n Y
= R(r, ζ) di mana/where R(r, ζ) = r 2 √(1−r2 )2 +(2ζr)2
(c) For the value of ζ obtained in part (a), at what vehicle speeds do the relative maximum
and minimum of R occur? (ans: 𝜉 = 0.106, 𝜔 = 130.7 rad/s, 𝑟 = 4.62, 𝑋 = 6.87 × 10−4 m,
𝐴 = 11.7 m/s2, 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11.40 m/s, 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 32.2 m/s)
Figure 1 Figure 2

8. A counter rotating eccentric weight exciter is used to produce the forced oscillation of a
spring-supported mass as shown below. By varying the speed of rotation, a resonant
amplitude of 0.60 cm was recorded. When the speed of rotation was increased
considerably beyond the resonant frequency, the amplitude appeared to approach a fixed
value of 0.08 cm. Determine the damping factor of the system. (ans: 𝜉 = 0.0667)

Figure 3

9. A system of beam supports a mass of 1200 kg. The motor has an unbalanced mass of 1
kg located at 6 cm radius. It is known that the resonance occurs at 2210 rpm. What
amplitude of vibration can be expected at the motors operating speed of 1440 rpm if the
damping factor is assumed to be less than 0.1. (ans:𝑋 = 0.036 to 0.037)

10. An eccentric mass exciter is used to determine the vibratory characteristics of a structure
of mass 200 kg. At a speed of 1000 rpm a stroboscope showed the eccentric mass to be
at the bottom position at the instant the structure was moving downward through its static
equilibrium position and the corresponding amplitude was 20 mm. If the unbalance of the
eccentric is 0.05 kg-m, determine, (a) undamped natural frequency of the system (b) the
damping factor of the structure (c) the angular position of the eccentric at 1300 rpm at the
instant when the structure is moving downward through its equilibrium position. (ans: 𝜔𝑛 =
104.72 rad/s, 𝜉 = 0.00625, 𝜑 = 176.89°)

11. A 40 kg machine is supported by four springs each of stiffness 250 N/m. The rotor is
unbalanced such that the unbalance effect is equivalent to a mass of 5 kg located at 50mm
from the axis of rotation. Find the amplitude of vibration when the rotor rotates at 1000 rpm
and 60 rpm. Assume damping coefficient to be 0.15. (ans: 𝑋1000 = 6.26 mm, 𝑋60 =
14.29 mm)

12. A vertical single stage air compressor having a mass of 500 kg is mounted on springs
having a stiffness of 1.96×105 N/m and a damping coefficient of 0.2. The rotating parts
are completely balanced and the equivalent reciprocating parts have a mass of 20 kg. The
stroke is 0.2 m. Determine the dynamic amplitude of vertical motion and the phase
difference between the motion and excitation force if the compressor is operated at 200
rpm.

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