Sharma, et al.

, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

Proceedings of BITCON-2015 Innovations For National Development
National Conference on : Leading Edge Technologies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Research Paper
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER
Aishverya Kumar Sharma1, Kushagra Kumar Choubey 2, Mousam Sharma3

Address for Correspondence

1,2
B.E. Scholar, 3Assistant Professor, EEE Dept., BIT, Durg, (C.G.), India
ABSTRACT
This project mainly focuses on the controlling of home appliances remotely when the user is away from the place.
The system is SMS based and user uses wireless technology (GSM). The system uses GSM technology thus providing
universally access to the system for automated appliance control.8051 Micro Controller is the core component of this
project. The objective of this project is to investigate a cost effective solution that will provide controlling of home
appliances remotely. The motivation was to facilitate the users to automate their homes having universal access. The home
appliances control system with an affordable cost was thought to be built that should be mobile providing remote access to
the appliances.
This work includes the study of GSM modem using sensors. GSM network operators have roaming facilities; user can often
continue to use the mobile phones when they travel to other countries etc. .
1. INTRODUCTION many systems providing such controls.
“Industrial Automation using 8051 microcontroller” 3. LITERATURE REVIEW
implements the emerging applications of the GSM The literature related to the research topic has been
technology. Using GSM networks, a control system reviewed for last twenty years in order to find out
has been proposed that will act as an embedded work carried out by various researchers. There are
system which can monitor and control appliances and many systems for remote monitoring and control
other devices locally using built-in input and output designed as commercial products or experimental
peripherals. research platforms. It is noticed that most of the
Remotely the system allows the user to effectively research carried out belongs to the following
monitor and control the house/office appliances and categories:
equipments via the mobile phone set by sending  Internet based Monitoring using Servers, GPRS
commands in the form of SMS messages and modems, etc. with different approaches.
receiving the appliances status. The main concept  GSM-SMS protocols using GSM module
behind the project is receiving the sent SMS and individually or in combination with Internet
processing it further as required to perform several technologies
operations. The type of the operation to be performed  Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks.
depends on the nature of the SMS sent. The principle  Wireless Monitoring using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
in which the project is based is fairly simple. First, Zigbee and RF(radio frequency).
the sent SMS is stored and polled from the receiver  Applications have varied widely like Home
mobile station and then the required control signal is Automation, Security Systems, Bio-medical
generated and sent to the intermediate hardware that applications, Agriculture, Environment,
we have designed according to the command Reservoir, Bridge health monitoring, etc.
received in form of the sent message. 3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
A microcontroller based system has been proposed Technology has advanced so much in the last decade
for our project. There are several terminologies that or two that it has made life more efficient and
are used extensively throughout this project report.` comfortable. The comfort of being able to take
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): control of devices from one particular location has
It is a cellular communication standard. become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort.
SMS (Short Message Service): It is a service Therefore there arises a need to do so in a systematic
available on most digital mobile phones that permit manner which we have tried to implement with our
the sending of short messages (also known as text system. The system we have proposed is an extended
messaging service). approach to automating a control system.
2. MOTIVATION 4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The new age of technology has redefined The principle in which the project is based is fairly
communication. Most people nowadays have access simple. First, the sent SMS is stored and polled from
to mobile phones and thus the world indeed has the receiver mobile station and then the required
become a global village. At any given moment, any control signal is generated and sent to the
particular individual can be contacted with the mobile intermediate hardware that we have designed
phone. But the application of mobile phone cannot according to the command received in form of the
just be restricted to sending SMS or starting sent message. A microcontroller based system has
conversations. New innovations and ideas can be been proposed for our project. The proposed
generated from it that can further enhance its approach for designing this system is to implement a
capabilities. Technologies such as Infra-red, microcontroller-based control module that receives
Bluetooth, etc which has developed in recent years its instructions and command from a cellular phone
goes to show the very fact that improvements are in over the GSM network. The microcontroller then will
fact possible and these improvements have eased our carry out the issued commands and then
life and the way we live. Remote management of communicate the status of a given appliance or
several home and office appliances is a subject of device back to the cellular phone.
growing interest and in recent years we have seen
Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/361-364
 Sharma, et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

ALGORITHM Step 6: Receive SMS

Step 1: Start Step 7: Check SMS pattern
Step 2: Phone initialization. Step 8: Control the device based
Step 3: Get Hardware Software on status
Step 4: Poll SMS from mobile phone Step 9: Notify end user
Step 5: If new SMS received go to step3 else, go to Step 10: Go to step1
step1
BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51

 Micro-Controller and 80C52 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip
An embedded microcontroller is a chip, which has a Flash allows the program memory to be
computer processor with all its support function reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
(clocking and reset), memory (both program storage nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a
and RAM), and I/O (including bus interfaces) built versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip,
into the device. These built in function minimize the the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer
need for external circuits and devices to the designed which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
in the final applications. The improvements in micro- solution to many embedded control applications.
controller technology has meant that it is often more The main features of this micro-controller are as
cost-effective, faster and more efficient to develop an follows;
application using a micro-controller rather than • Compatible with MCS-51TM \Products
discrete logic. Creating applications for micro- • 8K Bytes of In-system reprogrammable
controllers is completely different than any other Flash Memory
development job in computing and electronics. In • Endurance: 1,000 write/erase cycles
most other applications, number of subsystems and • Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
interfaces are available but this is not the case for the • Three-level Program Memory Lock
micro-controller where the following responsibilities • 256 x 8-bit internal RAM
have to be taken. • 32 Programmable I/O lines
 Power distribution • Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
 System clocking • Eight Interrupt Sources
 Interface design and wiring • Programmable Serial Channel
 System Programming  Relay
 Application programming
 Device programming
There are two types of micro-controller commonly in
use. Embedded micro-controller is the micro-
controller, which has the entire hardware requirement
to run the application, provided on the chip. External
memory micro-controller is the micro-controller that
allows the connection of external memory when the
Figure1: Relay Switch Connection
program memory is insufficient for an application or
The relay driver is used to isolate both the controlling
during the work a separate ROM (or even RAM) will
and the controlled device. The relay is an
make the work simpler and sophisticated.
electromagnetic device, which consists of solenoid,
ATMEL Micro-controller
moving contacts (switch) and restoring spring and
The AT89C52 is a low-power; high performance
consumes comparatively large amount of power.
CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash
Hence it is possible for the interface IC to drive the
programmable and erasable read only memory
relay satisfactorily. To enable this, a driver circuitry,
(PEROM). The device is manufactured using
which will act as a buffer circuit, is to be
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology
Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/361-364
 Sharma, et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

incorporated between them. The driver circuitry GSM is an international digital cellular
senses the presence of a “high” level at the input and telecommunication. The GSM standard was released
drives the relay from another voltage source. Hence by ETSI (European Standard Telecommunication
the relay is used to switch the electrical supply to the Standard) back in 1989. The first commercial
appliances. From the figure when we connect the services were launched in 1991 and after its early
rated voltage across the coil the back emf opposes the introduction in Europe; the standard went global in
current flow but after the short time the supplied 1992. Since then, GSM has become the most widely
voltage will overcome the back emf and the current adopted and fastest-growing digital cellular standard,
flow through the coil increase. When the current is and it is positioned to become the world’s dominant
equal to the activating current of relay the core is cellular standard.
magnetized and it attracts the moving contacts. Now Today’s second-generation GSM networks deliver
the moving contact leaves from its initial position high quality and secure mobile voice and data
denoted “(N/C)” normally closed terminal which is a services (such as SMS/ Text Messaging) with full
fixed terminal. The common contact or moving roaming capabilities across the world.
contact establishes the connection with a new GSM platform is a hugely successful technology and
terminal which is indicated as a normally open as unprecedented story of global achievement. In less
terminal “(N/O)”. Whenever, the supply coil is than ten years since the first GSM network was
withdrawn the magnetizing force is vanished. Now, commercially launched, it become, the world’s
the spring pulls the moving contact back to initial leading and fastest growing mobile standard,
position, where it makes a connection makes with spanning over 173 countries. Today, GSM
N/C terminal. However, it is also to be noted that at technology is in use by more than one in ten of the
this time also a back emf is produced. The world’s population and growth continues to sour with
withdrawal time may be in microsecond, the back the number of subscriber worldwide expected to
emf may be in the range of few kilovolts and in surpass one billion by through end of 2003.The
opposite polarity with the supplied terminals the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
voltage is known as surge voltage. It must be network is a cellular telecommunication network
neutralized or else it may damage the system. with a versatile architecture complying with the ETSI
 ULN2003 IC GSM 900/GSM 1800 standard. Siemen’s
The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high implementation is the digital cellular mobile
current Darlington transistor arrays. It consists of communication system D900/1800/1900 that uses the
seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage very latest technology to meet every requirement of
outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for the standard.
switching inductive loads. The collector-current WORKING: The block diagram is a simple
rating of a single Darlington pairs 500mA. The illustration of how we have implemented our project
Darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher current and the various parts involved in it. From the above
capability. Applications include relay drivers, representation, the first Mobile station is used as a
hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers (LED transmitting section from which the subscriber sends
gas Discharge), line drivers, and logic buffers. The text messages that contain commands and
ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor for each instructions to the second mobile station which is
Darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5V based on a specific area where our control system is
CMOS devices. located. The received SMS message is stored in the
Features: SIM memory of the phone and then extracted by the
 500mA rated collector current ( Single output ) microcontroller and processed accordingly to carry
 High-voltage outputs: 50V out specific operations. The relay driver (BUFFER
 Inputs compatible with various types of logic. ULN2003) is used to drive the relay circuits which
 Relay driver application. switches the different appliances connected to the
Logical Diagram interface.
The input from different sensors are feed to micro-
controller and processed to operate respective task
semi autonomously and autonomously.
Assuming that the control unit is powered and
operating properly, the process of controlling a
device connected to the interface will proceed
through the following steps:
 The remote user sends text messages including
commands to the receiver.
 GSM receiver receives messages sent from the
user cell phone.
 GSM receiver decodes the sent message and
sends the commands to the microcontroller.
 Microcontroller issues commands to the
appliances and the devices connected will
switch ON/OFF.
ADVANTAGES
Figure2: ULN2003 Logic Diagram 1. It can be used in home security, offices and
 GSM TECHNOLOGY industries.
GSM is a global system for mobile communication 2. The range of device is very high.
Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/361-364
 Sharma, et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249–8974

3. Large no. of appliances can be connected.

4. Simple operation and easy to use.
5. We can also use this system for controlling
heavy machineries in industries.
LIMITATIONS
1. Sufficient balance or message pack required.
2. Network access required.
5. CONCLUSION
The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a
better perspective on various aspects related to our
course of study as well as practical knowledge of
electronic equipments and communication.
The extensive capabilities of this system are what
make it so interesting. From the convenience of a
simple cell phone, a user is able to control and
monitor virtually any electrical devices. This makes it
possible for users to rest assured that their belongings
are secure and that the television and other electrical
appliances was not left running when they left the
house to just list a few of the many uses of this
system. The end product will have a simplistic design
making it easy for users to interact with. This will be
essential because of the wide range of technical
knowledge that industries have.
6. FUTURE ASPECTS
The future implications of the project are very great
considering the amount of time and resources it
saves. The project we have undertaken can be used as
a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be
implemented in other projects of greater level such as
weather forecasting, temperature updates, device
synchronization, etc.
The project itself can be modified to achieve a
complete Home Automation System which will then
create a platform for the user to interface between
himself and his household.
In future the system will be small box combining the
microcontroller and GSM Module. The hardware will
be self contained and cannot be prone to electric
failure. This appliance will have its own encapsulated
UPS and charging system. This system is developed
for mobile reporting application only. It also can be
interfaced to computer system to record and process
data base.
REFERENCES
1. K. Bromley, M. Perry, and G. Webb. "Trends in Smart
Home Systems, Connectivity and Services",
www.nextwave.org.uk, 2003.
2. A. R. Al-Ali and M. Al-Rousan, "Java-based home
automation system", IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 498- 504, 2004.
3. N. Sriskanthan, F. Tan and A. Karande, "Bluetooth
based home automation system", Microprocessors and
Microsystems, Vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 281-289, 2002.
4. H. Ardam and I. Coskun, "A remote controller for home
and office appliances by telephone", IEEE Transactions
on Consumer Electronics, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1291-
1297, 1998.
5. T. Baudel and M. Beaudouin-Lafon, "Charade: remote
control of objects using free-hand gestures",
Communications of the ACM, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 28-35,
1993.
6. T. Saito, I. Tomoda, Y. Takabatake, J. Ami and K.
Teramoto, "Home Gateway Architecture And Its
Implementation", IEEE International Conference on
Consumer Electronics, pp. 194-195, 2000.
7. N. Kushiro, S. Suzuki, M. Nakata, H. Takahara and M.
Inoue, "Integrated home gateway controller for home
energy management system", IEEE International
Conference on Consumer Electronics, pp. 386-387,
2003.
Note: This Paper/Article is scrutinised and reviewed by Scientific
Committee, BITCON-2015, BIT, Durg, CG, India
Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/361-364