In graphic designing, creativity and technical knowledge are very important.

According to technical skills,

scale is very important. We do realize that research, concept development and brain storming are a
huge part of making a design. Scale is measuring something be it a shape or structure i.e. house space
etc. or anything. Whatever you’re designing, you should know its scale. In graphic designing, the project
will execute according to the scale, otherwise the design may be too big or too small according to space.
Be it webs on laptops, phones or tablets, you need to know the actual scale or size and in graphic
designing, we need to take care of scale. A magazine ad cannot be implemented on a billboard.

Elements and Principles of Design

Elements are ingredients of design and principles are the recipe.Elements are building blocks of design
and structure is visible:

Dot

Line

Shape

Size

Colour

texture

And value

Dot

Most important. You draw with lines but if you notice these drawings and lines start with a dot. Even on
screen, the visuals are a combination of dots. Even a discussion starts with a point and then becomes a
debate. Dot is point. Pointism in Europe have dots on which they make their paintings and drawings.
You combine a number of dots in a drawing. In design, dots can be small-scale or big-scale, thick or thin,
whatever size, black and white or colored.

Symmetry and Asymmetry

When dots meet each other in a particular sequence and form a visual so they are symmetrical.

When dots meet in a random sequence and form a visual so they area asymmetrical composition.

Everything starts with a dot.

Line

Line is an important element as well. It is defined as the distance between two points. It is formed when
a dot moves from a certain place and stops somewhere. Line is a combination of dots. Line has a certain
length and direction. As we start a line and end it, we cover a certain distance that has a certain
direction and length. In design, line provides direction. Lines allow division of text, used in directional
signs e.g. arrow that is a form of line. Line has many forms:

Line can be curve, irregular, dotted, waves form, zigzag form. It is 2-dimensional, 3D and unseen.
3D can be seen from all 4 sides but a 2D line cannot. The distance we travel from one point to another it
is unseen. Parallel lines are lines that do not meet at any point. Perpendicular intersect and meet at any
point at 90.

Categories of Line

It may be vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

Vertical e.g. skyscrapers (90 degree). To show strength or power

Horizontal e.g. horizon line (180 degree). To show comfort, relaxation or soothing feeling.

Diagonal can be on any other angle e.g. 45 degree or 60 degree. To show motion or movement.

Shape

Dot and line are very closely related to shape. As dots combine, line forms. As lines combine, shapes
form. When an actual or implied lines combine and surround an area then a shape is created. Shapes
can be 2D and 3D.2D shapes are those that can formed or drawn on a flat surface e.g. paper. 3D shapes
can be seen from all 4 sides. Shapes can drawn in 3 forms on paper:

Stroke or outline

Color fill and draw

Using Negative space (white space)

In graphic design, shapes can be used as decoration, addition of material or content, adds interesting
element for viewer and boosts interest level in design. These can be used as symbols in design. Also
used for texture and patterns. THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF SHAPES:

Geometric: shapes that can be drawn on any 2D surface e.g. circle triangle, rectangle, square,
parallelogram. They can be drawn with compass of ruler.

Organic: They can be drawn with a free hand and without a ruler or compass. They can be drawn on any
surface and are related to the nature around us e.g. humans, leaves, tress, flowers.

Abstract: They are formed by joining abstract and organic shapes e.g. toilet signs used as symbols.

Circle: Round things assist motion due to which balls and tyres are round so circles are added to show
motion

Triangle: In road signs, arrows are used that has a triangukar shape at end. Directional signs use arrows
that have triangles. Triangles are used to give direction. If you want to give direction sense in design,
youuse triangles.

Rectangles: Roads length is not equal to width so roads give length or direction sign hence if we wamt to
show these two things we use rectangles

Square: In cartons, we can tell that they have weight and consist of something. Squares how weight and
strength. As we move squares away from one another, we are implementing proximity in our design.
As we move shapes away or near one another, we develop a relation between shapes and implement
proximity. Proximity allows us achieve an attractive design, makes it easily understandable for
audience, and allows us to grab audience’s attention.

Size in Graphic Design

The variation between 2 or more objects or shapes. Size is of any shape or object, but when we compare
2 or more things then we come to know of size. It can be two objects or 2 portions within an object.
Comparison is very important to know size. Size creates attraction, justifies function of something and
organizes things.

For example we are attracted towards a small flower or puppy or very tall buildings. We are very
attracted towards very small and very big things. When purchasing a car, we buy a car whose size can
accommodate your whole family. Size is justifying our decision. As we look at a newspaper or magazine,
headline has a very big size then the detailed text is very small font size so this is the way size organizes
things. Also a photographer tells everyone to stand height wise i.e. organizing stuff. With the help of
different objects, text and pictures, we can create attraction and organization sense. When we form a
layout, we need to decide what size of certain elements do we use and we can create depth and
perspective and break, and fit in various elements.

Space

In design, space has a number of applications and a huge importance. It is the empty area or open space
between or surrounding or within objects. When shapes are placed together or composed with one
another so a space is created. Space is the reason, a shape is formed.

In our design, sometimes we add so many elements and shapes, there is no space left. Whenever you
make a design, there should be space present in your design. It is called ‘breathing space’ as the client
feels some space as well.

There is positive space and negative space.

When you draw a shape on a surface, you are actually forming two shapes because as you add some
area you also subtract some area