1) Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key elements of tourism - tourist generating regions, transit routes, tourist destinations, and the tourism industry.
2) These elements interact with one another when tourism occurs, with destinations functioning as "pull" factors and generating regions as the "push".
3) The model shows tourism as an open system that interacts with various environments like physical, social, economic, and political factors that can influence tourism flows.
1) Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key elements of tourism - tourist generating regions, transit routes, tourist destinations, and the tourism industry.
2) These elements interact with one another when tourism occurs, with destinations functioning as "pull" factors and generating regions as the "push".
3) The model shows tourism as an open system that interacts with various environments like physical, social, economic, and political factors that can influence tourism flows.
1) Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key elements of tourism - tourist generating regions, transit routes, tourist destinations, and the tourism industry.
2) These elements interact with one another when tourism occurs, with destinations functioning as "pull" factors and generating regions as the "push".
3) The model shows tourism as an open system that interacts with various environments like physical, social, economic, and political factors that can influence tourism flows.
1) Leiper's tourism system model outlines the key elements of tourism - tourist generating regions, transit routes, tourist destinations, and the tourism industry.
2) These elements interact with one another when tourism occurs, with destinations functioning as "pull" factors and generating regions as the "push".
3) The model shows tourism as an open system that interacts with various environments like physical, social, economic, and political factors that can influence tourism flows.
Geography of travel and tourism (Definition and Concepts)
And The Tourism System DEFINING TOURISM
Acc. to WTO “the activities of a person
traveling outside his or her usual environment for less than a specified period of time and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited”.
(Mathieson and Wall,1982) “The
temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.” PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES 1. Accommodation services for visitors 1. Accommodation for visitors 2. Food and beverage serving services 2. Food and beverage serving activities 3. Railway passenger transport services 3. Railway passenger transport 4. Road passenger transport services 4. Road passenger transport 5. Water passenger transport servcies 5. Water passenger transport 6. Air passenger transport services 6. Air passenger transport 7. Transport equipment rental services 7. Transport equipment rental 8. Travel agencies and other reservation 8. Travel agencies and other reservation services services activities 9. Cultural services 9. Cultural activities 10. Sports and recreational services 10. Sports and recreational activities 11. Retail trade of country-specific tourism 11. Country-specific tourism characteristic goods characteristic goods 12. Country-specific tourism characteristic 12. Other country-specific tourism services characteristic activities THE TOURISM SYSTEM “One of the leading models of tourism Attraction systems was created by Leiper in 1990”
DEPARTING TRAVELLERS
TRAVELLER TRANSIT TOURIST
GENERATING ROUTE DESTINATION REGION REGION REGION
RETURNING TRAVELLERS LEIPER 1979 (UPDATED 1990)
Leiper consider the
phenomenon tourism as a system, which is functioning under various environments.
Eg.Human,Socio,Cultural,Econ omical,Technological,Physical Political &Legal Environment What are “whole tourism systems”? Real WTS are people, places, organisation that interact in certain roles when tourism happens. Models of WTS are representations of real WTS, frameworks for researching and studying tourism in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Five elements in every WTS • At least one tourist. • One tourist generating place (where trips begin and end). • At least one tourist destination place. • At least one transit route. • At least one tourism industry. LEIPER’S MODEL
The tourist destination functions as a ‘pull’ factor in the market and provide an area for most of the tourism activity. It attracts different kinds of tourists with such tourism products as attractions and the quality of management and service. Tourist Generating Region (TGRs)
TGRs are places where a tourist's trip begins and normally
ends, the generating regions are the place for the essential markets of the tourist business and it is the basis of tourist industry. TRANSIT ROUTE REGION (TRR’s) The area between the Traveler Generating Region and the Tourist Destination Region is known as the Transit Route While a long haul journey a Temporary stoppage is called a transit route. Here traveller stays for some time in manner to change flight or for re fuelling.
•It includes the short period of travel to reach the
destination. •Includes the stop over's. •The intermediate places which the tourist may visit en-route. Tourist Destination Region (TDR’s)
TDRs are places where a tourist's main visiting activities
occurs. Its important for TDR to have some special features, activities to attract tourist. Tourist Tourist is considered as the most important element of the System. Without the presence of tourist the System may not function at all
A temporary visitor staying at least 24hrs
and less than 1 consecutive year.
The following are to be considered
tourists:
• Persons traveling for pleasure, for health.
• Persons traveling in a representative capacity of any kind. • Persons traveling for business reasons. TOURISM INDUSTRY • The tourism industry refers to the businesses and organizations that help to promote the tourism product. • This is the last element in Leiper’s Model.
• The Tourism Industry is the
amalgam of different industries. • It includes: • Hotels AIRLINES TRAVEL AGENCIES According to Leiper, various industrial sectors can be located in different places.
In the traveler-generating region, we can find travel agents and tour operators.
In the destination region, we
can find attractions and hospitality industry and in the transit route region, we have the transport sector. All the Elements of the System interact with one another in various contexts like delivering the Tourism Products, Transacting the Products……. Destination: It’s the connection of tourists with places that makes a place a tourist destination A place becomes a tourist destination only if a tourist visit Environments • Tourism systems are open systems, they interact with environments
technical, legal etc. Examples Of Environments Affecting WTS
Spectacular scenery, a feature of the physical
environment, can be vital for a place’s role as a tourist destination
Political policies of governments can be vital
in determining flows of tourists out of generating regions and into destinations. Uses of WTS Model It reminds us of all the elementary things that make up tourism.
It enables us to see how the elements interrelate to make tourism
happen.
A place can be viewed and studied as (i) a generating place, (ii) a
