Virtualization Concepts
About Me
Experience
Author
• “OpenFlow CookBook”, which is one • 14+ years of Industry Experience
of the recognized study material by
ONF (Open Networking Foundation) • 6+ years of experience in SDN, NFV
and OpenFlow
• Learning CoreOS
• Working as a pre-sales consultant
• 1 RFC & 2 IETF Drafts in MPLS and and product manager
TRILL WG
• Having Work Experience in all the
• Frequent Presenter in various three commercial L2, L3 networking
networking Forums stack (IPInfusion ZebOS, Aricent ISS,
MetaSwitch L2,L3 and MPLS stack)
• Trainer of SDN, NFV and Network
Virtualization Concepts
Virtualization Concepts
Session 1: Agenda
What is Virtualization?
Enablers & Need for Virtualization
Does Virtualization a new concept?
Virtualization in various domains
Different types of Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Hypervisors
What is Virtualization?
Wikipedia Definition
Network
Refers to the act of creating a virtual
version of something
Something can either be hardware
platform, operating system, storage Storage
devices, compute / network resources
Typically applicable for compute, Server
storage & networking
Concept of Virtualization exists from
the very beginning of computer
technology
Does Virtualization new concept?
Storage or
Network Service
Server Memory
Virtualization Virtualization
Virtualization Virtualization
- Virtual LAN (Java Virtual
– Mainframes - Virtual
(VLAN) Machine)
Memory
Virtualization Methodologies
Split &
Clustering Mapping
Partitioning
Server Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Wikipedia Definition
Partitioning of physical server into
number of small virtual servers
Uses Virtualization Software and
hardware virtualization techniques
In most cases the servers are not
utilized fully which results in
inefficient usage
Why Server Virtualization
Less Resource Utilization
High Cost
Power Consumption
Server Downtime
High Infrastructure
History of Server Virtualization
1970s 1990s 2000s
Back to
Evolution of
IBM Mainframes virtualization to
Personal
with Virtualization reduce Capex and
Computers
Opex
(1990s)
(2000s)
IBM Mainframes
IBM CP-67 (Mid
1960s)
First Virtualized IBM Mainframe
Server
Split the computer into multiple
virtual machines
Different “tasks” can be run separately
and independently on the same
mainframe
If one virtual machine or “task” has a
problem, other virtual machines are
unaffected
Personal Computer Evolution
• Introduction of Intel/AMD servers (x86 architecture)
• Each PC/server runs its own OS (Windows / Unix) and runs application.
• Best approach for personal computers.
• For server and IT infrastructure brings overhead while going for massive
scale.
• Typically in IT and infrastructure deployment one server runs one
application (Email Server, Application Server, DB Server etc)
File Web DNS
Server Server Server
File Web
Domain File Each Server Running
Server Server App
Server Server 1 Application
Server
Server Virtualization
Physical Server vs Virtual Server
Storage Virtualization
What is Storage Virtualization?
Wikipedia Definition
Pooling of physical storage from
multiple storage devices to appear as
single device managed by single entity
Enables better functionality and more
advanced features in computer data
storage systems
Helps the storage administrator to
perform the tasks of backup,
archiving, and recovery more easily
Storage Virtualization can be provided
using software, hardware and
combination of both
What is Storage Virtualization?
History of Storage Virtualization
1970s 1990s 2000s
OS takes
the individual disks
and create local Evolution of RAID
Evolution of SAN
volumes within a Arrays in 1990s
logical volume
manager (LVM)
Why Storage Virtualization?
Efficient, Flexible and
Scalable usage of storage
disks
Stable, recoverable and highly
available solution for storage
medium.
Remove hardwire connection
between storage hardware
and the processor
Classifications of Storage Virtualization?
Storage
Virtualization
Block Level File Level
Storage Network Storage Network
Host Based Host Based
Device Based Based Device Based Based
Block Level Vs File Level
Block Vs File Level
Block Level: storage capacity is made
available to the operating system or
the applications in the form of virtual
disks
File Level: Virtualization entity
provides virtual storage to the OS or
applications in the form of files or
directories
Host Based Virtualization
Host Based
Virtualization provided by additional
software running (Volume Manager)
directly in the host machine
Volume Manager intercepts the I/O
request and provides metadata lookup
and I/O mapping
OS can also provide this service
Examples are LDM in Windows, LVM
in Linux and ZFS’s Z-Pool in Solaris
Storage Device Based Virtualization
Storage Device Based
Virtualization provided in storage
devices is found within intelligent disk
subsystems
The storage systems make their
storage available to servers through
various I/O channels by means of LUN
masking and RAID
Network Based Virtualization
Network Based
Two Models: Out-of-band and In-Band
In-band implementations uses
controller between users and
physical storage (SAN) and deliver all
storage requests and data through
that controller
Out-of-band products set up a
metadata controller on the network
that remapped storage requests to
physical locations, but didn’t deal
with the actual data
Virtual Machine & Virtual Storage
• VM Migration
• Easily Manageable Disaster Recovery
• High Availability of both Virtual Machine and Storage
• Easy Server Upgrades
• Easy recovery of Virtual Machine Images
• Server Virtualization really calls for a virtualization in the
storage space with centralized management.
Application/Service Virtualization
What is Service Virtualization?
Physical Server
Service Virtualization Application
Software technology that
encapsulates computer programs from Application Virtualization
the underlying operating system on
which it is executed
The application behaves at runtime Operating System
like it is directly interfacing with the
original operating system, but can be
isolated or sandboxed to varying
degrees Server Virtualization
Hardware
Why Application Virtualization?
Increased Performance
Easy Upgrades and
Installation
On Demand Delivery of
Applications
Applications need not be
installed in all server
Server & Application Virtualization
Sandbox Sandbox
APP1 APP2 APP1 APP2
App App
Virtualization Virtualization
Operating System Operating System
Hyper Visor
Hardware
Network Virtualization
What is Network Virtualization?
32
What is Network Virtualization?
Network Virtualization
Combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality
into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network
Process of segregating the user traffic from one group of user is getting
forwarded into the same group of user without any logical isolation of the
network infrastructure
Examples are
VLAN in layer2
MPLs L2VPN, L3VPN
Process of splitting the physical network entities like Switches, Routers,
Firewall etc into multiple logical network entities for isolating the user traffic
from different instances
Examples are
VTN using OVS
VTN using ODL etc
Introduction
• Process of segregating the user traffic
from one group of user is getting
Definition forwarded into the same group of user
without any logical isolation of the
network infrastructure
1 • Example VLAN, VRF etc
• Process of splitting the physical network
entities like Switches, Routers, Firewall
Definition etc into multiple logical network entities
for isolating the user traffic from different
instances
2 • Example VTN
Classifications of Network Virtualization
NIC
Virtual Interface
TUN/TAP Interface
Device Level Bridge, OVS
Virtual Router
Network Slicing /
Network Level
VTN
802.1X
Network VLAN
Virtualization 802.1AD
Packet Level
L2VPN
MPLS VPN
L3VPN
VRF-lite
Interface Level
OpenFlow SIN
In-Device Virtualization
In-Device Network
Virtualization
vNIC
vBridge
OVS
TUN/TAP
Packet Level Virtualization
The packet carries
information related to a set
of user for isolation network
traffic.
Example is VLAN, L2VPN,
L3PVN etc
In VLAN case, the packet will
carry the VLAN tag which is
used to limit the broadcast
domain of a switch / bridge
The traffic which is flowing
from a user from one VLAN
will not be forwarded to
other VLAN
Interface Level Virtualization
In this case the traffic
isolation is provided by
assigning set of ports or
interface to a particular
customer.
The packets from these
ports will be only forwarded
to the interface which is
part of the same VRF.
Very good example is VRF-
lite
Network Level Virtualization
In Network Level
Virtualization, the entire
physical network is sliced into
multiple logical networks
each assigning to a customer
/ group of customer.
This kind of network is
termed as virtual tenant
network (VTN)
The network slices are mapped to a customer / tenant and hence termed as
VTN
Virtual Machine, Virtual Storage & Virtual Network
Service Virtualization
Server Virtualization
Network Virtualization
Storage
Virtualization
Thank you
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