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Computer Networks: Presented By

A computer network connects computing devices to communicate and share resources. It describes the basic components of networks including nodes, addresses, data transfer rates and different types of networks like LAN, WAN, and MAN. It also explains important networking concepts such as protocols, switches, routers, firewalls, addresses, domains, and common network technologies.

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Djordje Orasanin
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50 views

Computer Networks: Presented By

A computer network connects computing devices to communicate and share resources. It describes the basic components of networks including nodes, addresses, data transfer rates and different types of networks like LAN, WAN, and MAN. It also explains important networking concepts such as protocols, switches, routers, firewalls, addresses, domains, and common network technologies.

Uploaded by

Djordje Orasanin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

COMPUTER

NETWORKS
PRESENTED BY:
…
What is a
computer
network?
 A collection of
computing devices
that are connected in
various ways in order
to communicate and
share resources
 To the right is partial
map of the Internet
based on January 12,
2005 data found on
opte.org (imagine
how much it has
grown since)
A few basic terms in computer
networks

Address is personal
identification of a device on
Data transfer rate is the
network. All devices have
Node/host is any device on amount of data moved
their MAC addresses which
a network from one place to another
are permanent(burned-in)
in a time interval
and IP addresses which
could be changed
Types of networks

 There are two types of networks:


 LAN – Local Area Networks which are usually
networks at home or in offices
 WAN – Wide Area Networks which connect
two or more local area networks over a
potentially large geographic distance
 Various configurations, called topologies have
been used to administer LANs.
 A bus technology called ETHERNET has become
the industry standard for LANs

Local
Area
Network
Wide Area Network

 Often one particular node on a LAN is set up to serve as a gateway


to handle all communication going between that LAN and other
networks
 The Internet, as we know it today, is essentially the ultimate wide-
area network spanning the entire globe
Metropolitan
Area
Network
THE COMMUNICATION
INFRASTRUCTURES THAT
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN
AND AROUND LARGE CITIES
Who owns the
internet?
 Well, nobody does. No single
person or company owns the
Internet or even controls it
entirely. As a wide-area
network, it is made up of
many smaller networks. These
smaller networks are often
owned and managed by a
person or organization. The
Internet, then, is really
defined by how connections
can be made between
these networks.
Internet connections-technologies

 Phone modem converts computer data into an analog audio signal


for transfer over a telephone line, and then a modem at the
destination converts it back again into data
 Digital subscriber line uses regular copper phone lines to transfer
digital data to and from the phone company’s central office
 Cable modem uses the same line that your cable TV signals come in
on to transfer the data back and forth
Network Media

 Networking media can be


defined simply as the means
by which signals (data) are
sent from one computer to
another (either by cable or
wireless means).
Hub/Switch/Router

 Hub
 A multiport repeater to enhance signal within
the same LAN
 Everything received on one port is repeated to
all others
 Switch
 Like hub, but intelligent
 It knows which packets should be sent on which
ports, unlike hubs which send all packets on all
ports
 Router
 Used for forwarding packets from one LAN to
another
 To improve the efficiency of transferring
information over a shared communication line,
messages are divided into fixed-sized,
numbered PACKETS
Routers are used to direct packages between
Packet

networks

Switching
ISO/OSI

 The International
Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
established the Open
Systems Interconnection
(OSI) Reference Model
 Each layer deals with a
particular aspect of network
communication
Network
Protocols
 Network protocols are
layered such that each one
relies on the protocols that
underlie it
TCP - Transmission Control
Protocol/IP – Internet Protocol
 TCP software breaks messages into  IP software deals with the routing
packets, hands them off to the IP of packets through the maze of
software for delivery, and then interconnected networks to their
orders and reassembles the final destination
packets at their destination
 TCP alternative – UDP User
Datagram Protocol
 The main difference is that TCP is
highly reliable, at the cost of
decreased performance, while
UDP is less reliable, but generally
faster
High Level Protocols

 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)


 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Telnet
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http)
 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (https)
Firewalls

 Definiton: A machine and its


software that serve as a
special gateway to a
network, protecting it from
inappropriate access
 Filters the network traffic that
comes in, checking the
validity of the messages as
much as possible and
perhaps denying some
messages altogether
Network Addresses

 Hostname - A unique identification that specifies a particular


computer on the Internet
 Examples:
 etf.bg.ac.rs
 http://google.com
 https://www.youtube.com
 rockradio.rs
 An IP address can be split into
 Network address, which specifies a specific
network
 Host number, which specifies a particular

Network machine in that network

Addresses
Domain Name System

 A hostname consists of the computer name followed by the domain


name
 etf.bg.ac.rs is the domain name
 A domain name is separated into two or more sections that specify the
organization, and possibly a subset of an organization, of which the
computer is a part
 Two organizations can have a computer named the same thing because the
domain name makes it clear which one is being referred to
 For example
 etf.bg.ac.rs has IP address 147.91.14.197
 http://google.com has IP address 216.58.217.174

Domain
 etc.
 You can look for more of these on http://mxtoolbox.com

Name
 The very last section of the domain is called its top-level domain
(TLD) name

System
Top Level Domain – Country Codes
Cable
Management
 The most annoying or the most
pleasant part of computer
networks is cable management,
depends how it’s done.
 P. S. Please, for everyone’s sake
do your cable management
properly!
And finally a
look into one
typical server
room

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