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    Participles: How Are They Used? 1. Verb Forms

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    maulidya anggreani
    Participles are verb forms that end in "-ing" (present participle) or "-ed" (past participle). They can function as verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. As verbs, they are used in progressive and perfect tenses as well as the passive voice. As adjectives, present participles describe active states while past participles describe passive or completed states. Participles are also used at the beginning of reduced clauses. Common errors involve using the wrong participle form as an adjective.

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    Participles: How Are They Used? 1. Verb Forms

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    maulidya anggreani
    21 views2 pages
    Participles are verb forms that end in "-ing" (present participle) or "-ed" (past participle). They can function as verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. As verbs, they are used in progressive and perfect tenses as well as the passive voice. As adjectives, present participles describe active states while past participles describe passive or completed states. Participles are also used at the beginning of reduced clauses. Common errors involve using the wrong participle form as an adjective.

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    Paticiple

    Original Title

    Participles Reference

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    Participles are verb forms that end in "-ing" (present participle) or "-ed" (past participle). They can function as verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. As verbs, they are used in progressive and perfect tenses as well as the passive voice. As adjectives, present participles describe active states while past participles describe passive or completed states. Participles are also used at the beginning of reduced clauses. Common errors involve using the wrong participle form as an adjective.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Participles: How Are They Used? 1. Verb Forms

    Uploaded by

    maulidya anggreani
    Participles are verb forms that end in "-ing" (present participle) or "-ed" (past participle). They can function as verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. As verbs, they are used in progressive and perfect tenses as well as the passive voice. As adjectives, present participles describe active states while past participles describe passive or completed states. Participles are also used at the beginning of reduced clauses. Common errors involve using the wrong participle form as an adjective.

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    of 2

    Participles

    Verbs which end in –ing are sometimes referred to as the present participle*
    Verbs which end in –ed are sometimes referred to as the past participle*.
    (*These are terrible names for them, since they are both often used for past, present and future situations.)

    Participles are used as verb forms, adjectives, or adverbs and at the beginning of reduced clauses..
    Note that when used as a noun, -ing verbs are called gerunds.

    How are they used?

    1. Verb forms
    Used with auxiliary verbs be, and have for:
    a. Progressive tenses a. He was sleeping when I arrived.
    b. Perfect tenses b. I have already eaten lunch.
    c. Passive voice c. The ring was given to me by my mother.

    2. Adjectives
    Used to describe nouns I love the sound of falling rain.
    She died of a broken heart.
    (For more information about adjective use, see Grammar is so boring!
    reverse of handout) The warehouse will look abandoned.

    3. Adverbs
    Used to describe verbs. The girl ran screaming out of the room.
    The clothes lay crumpled on the floor.

    4. Clauses
    Used with phrases to create reduced clauses Who is the woman standing in the corner?
    Having taken the exam once, she knew what to
    expect.
    Rejected by society, the man became a recluse.

    Read the sentences below. Find the participles and identify how they are used.

    A. The students were attending a number of boring seminars that day.


    B. Putting down my paper, I walked out of the lab with my head held high.
    C. I asked the confused student if she knew where she was going.
    D. The girl was devastated and sat crying in her chair for a long time.
    E. The children were terribly frightened by the raging thunder.

    A.attending (1), boring(2), B. putting (4), held (2), C. confused (2), going (1), D. devastated (2), crying (3), E. frightened (1,2), raving (2)

    Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College 2013 www.georgebrown.ca/tlc


    Participles
    Participles : Adjective Use
    When present participles are Rolling waves = waves that are rolling
    used as adjectives or adverbs,
    they tend to be active and similar A south-facing window = a window that was facing south
    in meaning to an active verb:
    She walked in laughing = she was laughing

    Most past participles will be A broken heart = a heart that has been broken
    similar in meaning to a passive
    verb: The hermit lived alone and = he was forgotten by people
    forgotten.

    Some past participles can be A fallen leaf = a leaf that has fallen
    active, but generally that action is
    already complete. These Increased activity = activity that has increased
    adjectives tend to describe
    something that has already A retired teacher = a teacher that has retired
    happened to the noun it is
    describing. Faded colours = colours that have faded over time

    Swollen ankles =ankles that have swollen


    Present Participle (cause) Past participle (feeling)
    Some very common adjectives That was the most boring class The students were bored in that
    have a present participle form ever! class.
    and a past participle form.
    It was an exciting day for us. We felt excited on that day.
    The present participle shows that
    the noun being described causes He received a surprising phone The phone call made him feel
    a feeling. call. surprised.

    The past participle shows the Your directions were very Someone was confused when they
    feeling of the noun. confusing. read your directions.

    Underline all the participle adjectives in these sentences. Find the mistakes and correct them.

    a. The lecture was very interested this afternoon.


    b. I don’t like to watch bored movies.
    c. When I cleaned out my bag, I found a half-eating sandwich, a broken pair of scissors and an
    unwashed sweatshirt.
    d. I had a dream about a talking dog that lived in an abandoning house.
    e. Why were you so confusing when the teacher explained the assignment so clearly?

    a. interesting; b. boring; c. half-eaten; d. abandoned, e. confused.

    Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College 2013 www.georgebrown.ca/tlc

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