Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 70 views

    Arrhythmias: Domina Petric, MD

    Uploaded by

    Mwaba Peter
    This document summarizes arrhythmias, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Arrhythmias can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac factors like drugs or metabolic imbalances. Common arrhythmias include bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sick sinus syndrome. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type of arrhythmia but may include medications, pacing, cardioversion, or ablation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Arrhythmias: Domina Petric, MD

    Uploaded by

    Mwaba Peter
    70 views22 pages
    This document summarizes arrhythmias, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Arrhythmias can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac factors like drugs or metabolic imbalances. Common arrhythmias include bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sick sinus syndrome. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type of arrhythmia but may include medications, pacing, cardioversion, or ablation.

    Original Title

    arrhythmias-introduction.ppsx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes arrhythmias, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Arrhythmias can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac factors like drugs or metabolic imbalances. Common arrhythmias include bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sick sinus syndrome. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type of arrhythmia but may include medications, pacing, cardioversion, or ablation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    70 views22 pages

    Arrhythmias: Domina Petric, MD

    Uploaded by

    Mwaba Peter
    This document summarizes arrhythmias, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Arrhythmias can be caused by cardiac or non-cardiac factors like drugs or metabolic imbalances. Common arrhythmias include bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and sick sinus syndrome. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the type of arrhythmia but may include medications, pacing, cardioversion, or ablation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Arrhythmias

    introduction
    Domina Petric, MD
    Arrhythmias are
     common
     often benign
     often intermittent causing
    diagnostic difficulty
     occasionally severe causing
    cardiac compromise
    Causes
    Cardiac Non cardiac
     myocardial infarction  caffeine
     coronary artery disease  smoking
     left ventricle aneurysm  alcohol
     mitral valve disease  pneumonia
     cardiomyopathy  drugs
     pericarditis  metabolic imbalance
     myocarditis
     phaeochromocytoma
     abberant conduction
    pathways
    Non cardiac causes
     Drugs that can cause arrhythmias
    are β2-agonists, digoxin, L-dopa,
    tricyclics, doxorubicin.
     Metabolic imbalance: K+, Ca2+ , Mg2+
    , hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic
    acidosis and thyroid disease.
    Symptoms
     palpitation
     chest pain
     presyncope, syncope
     hypotension
     pulmonary oedema
     asymptomatic
    History


    Past medical history and family history!
    Precipitating factors!
    O
     Associated symptoms: chest pain, dyspnoea, collapse.
     Nature: fast or slow, regular or irregular.
     Duration!
     Drug history!
     Onset/offset!
    Tests
     Fullblood count!
     Urea, electrolytes and
    creatinine!
     Glucose!
     Calcium and magnesium ions!
     TSH!
    Tests
     ECG
     24 hours ECG monitoring
     Echocardiography
     Excercise ECG
     Cardiac catheterization
     Electrophysiological studies
    Part two

    TREATMENT OVERVIEW OF
    MOST COMMON
    ARRHYTHMIAS
    Bradycardia

    If asymptomatic and rate >40 bpm,


    treatment is not necessary.

    If heart rate is less than 40 bpm or patient


    is symptomatic, treatment is ATROPINE
    0,6-1,2 mg iv. (up to maximum 3 mg).
    Bradycardia

     Temporary pacing wire


     Isoprenaline infusion
     External cardiac pacing

    Image source: Wikipaedia.org


    Sick sinus syndrome
    Sinus node dysfunction can cause:
     bradycardia
     arrest
     sinoatrial block
     supraventricular tachycardia alternating
    with bradycardia/asystole (tachy-brady
    syndrome)
    Sick sinus syndrome
    Atrial fibrillation and
    thromboembolism may also
    occur.

    If the patient is symptomatic,


    pacing may be necessary.
    Sick sinus syndrome

    Image source: lifeinthefastlane.com


    Supraventricular tachycardia
    Narrow complex tachycardia (rate >100
    bpm, QRS width <120 ms):
     vagotonic manoeuvres
     adenosine or verapamil iv.
     DC (direct current) shock if patient is
    compromised
    Maintenance therapy: beta-blockers,
    verapamil.
    Atrial fibrillation/flutter

    May be incidental finding.

    Beta-blockers for controling


    ventricular rate, digoxine is
    usefull in heart failure with AF.
    Conversion of atrial fibrillation
    Within 48 hours from acute onset,
    propafenone 600 mg per os in
    patients without structural heart
    disease.
    Within 48 hours, amiodarone
    300 mg per os in patients with
    structural heart disease.
    Conversion of atrial fibrillation
    Immediate electrocardioversion:
     transesophageal
    echocardiography + 5000 IJ LMWH
    OR
     Electrocardioversion after 3 weeks
    of warfarin therapy.
    Ekg.academy.com
    Atrial fibrillation

    Atrial flutter
    Atrial flutter
    Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
    Broad complex tachycardia (rate >100 bpm, QRS
    duration >120 ms)

    Acute management: amiodarone or lidocaine iv.

    Oral therapy: loading dose of amiodarone 200 mg


    every 8 hours for 7 days, 200 mg every 12 hours for
    next 7 days and maintenance therapy 200 mg a day.
    Image source: Healio.com
    Literature
     Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine.
    Longmore M. Wilkinson I. B. Baldwin A.
    Elizabeth W. Ninth edition.
     Wikipaedia.org
     Lifeinthefastlane.com
     Healio.com
     Ekg.academy.com

    You might also like