BDwbU

fviZe‡l© gyNj kvm‡bi cÖwZôv t eveyi I ûgvqyb

1
f~wgKv
†lvok kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K fviZe‡l©i AivRK ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i
Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` eveyi G‡`‡k gyNj kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb gvÎ Pvi eQi ivRZ¡
K‡ib| ivRZ¡Kv‡ji cy‡iv mg‡qB wZwb hy× weMÖ‡n e¨¯— wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb eskai‡`i
Rb¨ GKwU mymsMwVZ ivR¨ †i‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| G Kvi‡Y ûgvqyb wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY
Kivi ciB wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb nb| w`j−xi wmsnvmb Zuvi nvZ-Qvov n‡q hvq| Z‡e `xN©
c‡bi eQi ci ûgvqyb w`j−xi wmsnvmb cybi“×v‡i m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb|
evey‡ii fviZel© Avµg‡Yi cÖv°v‡j G‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj, wKfv‡e eveyi
G‡`‡k gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib, Zuvi cyÎ ûgvqy‡bi kvmb †Kgb wQj Zv G BDwb‡Ui
wewfbœ cv‡V Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|

cvV
gyNj weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j fvi‡Zi Ae¯’v
1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb 
• gyNj weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ZrKvjxb fviZe‡l©i †K›`ªxq kw³i `ye©jZvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• gyNj weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j G‡`kxq ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡R¨i ivRb¨e‡M©i Aš—Ø©‡›Øi eY©bv w`‡Z
cvi‡eb|
ev`kvn evey‡ii fviZ weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j w`j−x I ZrmsjMœ A‡ji AwacwZ wQ‡jb
myjZvb Beªvwng †jv`x (1517-25 wLª:)| Beªvwng †jv`x mvnmx I D”PvKv•¶x myjZvb
n‡jI, wZwb K‚UbxwZ‡Z `¶ wQ‡jb bv| ZvB wZwb mvgš— ivRv I cÖv‡`wkK
kvmbKZ©vMY‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZvQvov w`j−xi c~e©eZx© myjZvbMY fviZe‡l©i
w`j−xi †K›`ªxq kw³i wn›`y ivRb¨eM© I ivRcyZMY‡K civwRZ Ki‡jI Zv‡`i‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbg~©j Ki‡Z
`ye©jZvq ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ¯^vaxb cv‡ibwb| d‡j ZzNjK es‡ki kvm‡bi (1320-1413) †k‡li w`‡K w`j−xi †K›`ªxq kw³
iv‡R¨i DÌvb `ye©j n‡q co‡j Dcgnv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨i DrcwË N‡U| fvi‡Zi
my`~i `w¶‡Y evngbx I weRqbMi ivR¨, DËi fvi‡Z Kvk¥xi I †RŠbcyi ivR¨, c~e©v‡j
evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨v Ges cwð‡g cvÄve, gvje I ¸Riv‡U ¯^vaxb ivR¨ cÖwZwôZ
nq| G me ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡R¨i ivRvMY wQ‡jb D”PvKv•¶x I ¯^vaxbZv wcÖq| G‡`i
mv‡_ we‡iv‡ai d‡j w`j−xi †K›`ªxq kw³ `ye©j I msKzwPZ n‡q c‡o| fvi‡Zi
†K›`ªxq kw³i `ye©jZvi my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i eveyi G‡`‡k gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib|
evey‡ii fviZ weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j cvÄv‡e †`ŠjZLvb †jv`x ¯^vaxbfv‡e ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb|
 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

w`j−xi myjZvb Beªvwng †jv`x †`ŠjZ Lv‡bi ¯^vaxb kvm‡bi we‡ivwaZv Kivq Df‡qi g‡a¨
Beªvwng †jv`xi wei“‡×
`vi“Y kΓZv †`Lv †`q| myjZvb Beªvwng †jv`xi LvjvZ fvB Avjg Lvb †jv`x we‡`ªvnx
lohš¿
†`ŠjZ Lvb †jv`xi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q loh‡š¿ wjß nb| wenv‡ii kvmbKZ©v `wiqv LvbI
†`ŠjZ Lv‡bi mv‡_ †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuviv w`j−xi †jv`x kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi Rb¨ Kvey‡j
Ae¯’vbiZ eveyi‡K fviZ Avµg‡Yi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|
w`j−xi †jv`x mvgªv‡R¨i ewnf‚©Z K‡qKwU ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ gvje Ab¨Zg| gvje ivR¨wU
wQj ivRcyZbv I ey‡›`jL‡Êi ga¨eZ©x A‡j Aew¯’Z| wd‡ivR ZzNj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j
(1351-1388 wLª:) gvje ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡i| 16 kZ‡K gvj‡ei myjZvb wØZxq
gyn¤§` kvn‡K ¶gZvPz¨Z K‡i Zuvi ivRcyZ mvgš— me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix nb| mvgwiK
¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ w`K †_‡K gvj‡ei Ae¯’vb wQj Lye ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| G Qvov ¸Riv‡UI GKwU ¯^vaxb ivR¨
Aš—Ø©›Ø wQj| G ivR¨wU wQj mg„×kvjx| ¸Riv‡Ui e›`i †_‡K eû cY¨ cwðg Gwkqvq ißvwb
nZ| G Rb¨ cZz©MxR ewYKiv ¸Riv‡Ui DcK‚‡j AvwacZ¨ ¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡i| ¸Riv‡Ui
myjZvb †kl ch©š— cZz©MxR‡`i `gb Ki‡Z m¶g nb| ivRcyZbvq A‡bK¸‡jv ¯^vaxb
ivR¨ wQj| w`j−xi myjZv‡bi `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M Gme ivR¨ kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| GB
ivR¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †gevi wQj me©v‡c¶v kw³kvjx| msMÖvg wmsn ev ivbv msMÖvg wmsn
wQ‡jb †gev‡ii kvmbKZ©v| wZwb ivRcyZ‡`i †bZv wQ‡jb| ga¨cÖ‡`k ch©š— Zuvi cÖfve
cÖwZcwË we¯—…Z wQj| Beªvwng †jv`xi `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M msMÖvg wmsn w`j−x AwaKv‡ii B”Qv
†cvlY K‡ib|
`w¶Y fvi‡Zi weRqbMi iv‡R¨i ivRv K…ò‡`e Lye D”Pvwfjvlx wQ‡jb| `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ wbR
cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vc‡b D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡j evngbx iv‡R¨i mv‡_ Zuvi msNvZ ïi“ nq| Ab¨w`‡K
DËi fvi‡Z Kvk¥xi iv‡R¨I ZLb †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© Ae¯’v weivRgvb wQj| c~e© fvi‡Zi
evsjvq myjZvb û‡mb kv‡ni cyÎ bymir kvn ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb| Zuvi ivR¨ mxgvbv wenvi
ch©š— we¯—…Z wQj|
fviZel© GKwU wekvj †`k| G‡`‡k †K›`ªxq kw³i `ye©jZv ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvi g~j
KviY| Ggwb Aw¯’iZvi my‡hvM wb‡q ewnk©w³ fviZ Avµg‡Y cÖjyä nq| eveyi I
fviZe‡l©i ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvi my‡hvM wb‡q G‡`k AvµgY K‡ib|

mvi-ms‡¶c evey‡ii fviZel© Avµg‡Yi cÖv°v‡j G‡`‡k ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv weivRgvb wQj| ZLb
w`j−x I cvk¦©eZx© A‡ji kvmK wQ‡jb Beªvwng †jv`x| wZwb D”Pvwfjvlx n‡jI K‚U-
†KŠkjx wQ‡jb bv| d‡j AgvZ¨eM© I cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©vM‡Yi Dci Zvi wbqš¿Y Kg
wQj| †K›`ªxq kvm‡bi `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨ cÖwZwôZ
nq| G me iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ cvÄv‡ei †`ŠjZ Lvb †jv`x myjZv‡bi Pig we‡ivwaZv K‡ib
Ges Beªvwng †jv`x‡K wmsnvmbPz¨Z Kivi Rb¨ eveyi‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 1.1

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
1. evey‡ii fviZel© weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j w`j−xi myjZvb wQ‡jb 

K. †mKv›`i †jv`x
M. Beªvwng †jv`x
L. evnjyj †jv`x
N. †`ŠjZ Lvb †jv`x

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
2

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

2. †`ŠjZ Lvb †jv`x kvmb Ki‡Zb 

K. gvje L. cvÄve
M. Kvk¥xi M. evsjv
3. gvje ¯^vaxb nIqvi mgq w`j−xi myjZvb wQ‡jb 
K. wMqvmDÏxb ZzNjK L. gyn¤§` web ZzNjK
M. bvwmi DwÏb ZzNjK N. wd‡ivR kvn ZzNjK
4. msMÖvg wmsn kvmb Ki‡Zb 
K. gvje L. ¸RivU
M. †gevi N. ey‡›`jLÊ
5. evey‡ii fviZel© weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j evsjvi kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb 
K. û‡mb kvn L. bymir kvn
M. AvjvDÏxb wdi“R kvn N. wMqvmDÏxb gvngy` kvn

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ:

1. gyNj weR‡qi c~‡e© fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj?
2. gyNj weR‡qi c~‡e© ZrKvjxb †K›`ªxq kw³ `ye©j n‡q c‡owQj †Kb?
3. gyNj weR‡qi c~‡e© G‡`‡ki ¶z`ª ivR¨ mg~‡ni g‡a¨ m¤úK© †Kgb wQj?

cvV
evey‡ii fviZ Rq I gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôv
2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb 
• evey‡ii evj¨Rxeb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• evey‡ii fviZ R‡qi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ Awfhv‡bi
weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
• cvwbc_ hy‡× evey‡ii Rqjv‡fi Kvib I djvdj
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• fviZe‡l© gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv I my`„p Ki‡Z
AviI †h mKj hy‡× AeZxb© n‡Z n‡qwQj Zvi
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ev`kvn evey‡ii PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

mgªvU evei

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
3

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

RwniDÏxb gyn¤§` eveyi fviZe‡l© gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| wcZ…K‚‡j eveyi wQ‡jb
weL¨vZ ZzK©x ˆZgyi js-Gi Aa¯—b cÂg cyi“l Ges gvZ…K‚‡j Zuvi c~e©cyi“l wQ‡jb weL¨vZ
†gv½j †bZv †Pw½m Lvb| Dcgnv‡`‡k evey‡ii cÖwZwôZ ivResk gyNj esk bv‡g cwiwPZ
nq †gv½j‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi m¤úK© _vKvi Kvi‡YB| eveyi 1483 wLª÷v‡ã ga¨ Gwkqvi
dviMbvq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Igi wgR©v dviMbvi kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb| wcZvi
g„Zz¨i ci eveyi evi eQi eq‡m dviMbvi AwacwZ nb| wZwb Zuvi weL¨vZ c~e©cyi“l
wcZ…wmsnvmb cybi“×v‡i
e¨_© ˆZgy‡ii ivRavbx mgiL›` GKvwaK cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g `Lj K‡ib| wKš‘ AwP‡iB evey‡ii
wbKU AvÍ xq cwiRb, ivRb¨eM© I DR‡eK †bZv mvBevwb Lv‡bi wei“×vPvi‡Yi d‡j
dviMvbv I mgiL›` Zuvi nvZ Qvov n‡q hvq| wZwb ivR¨ nviv n‡q `vev †Ljvi ivRvi gZ
BZ¯—Zt Ny‡i †eov‡Z _v‡Kb Ges ¯^‡`‡ki Avkv Z¨vM K‡i wn›`yKzk AwZµg K‡ib|
1504 wLª÷v‡ã DR‡eK kvm‡bi `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q eveyi Kveyj Rq K‡ib| Kveyj weR‡qi
ciI eveyi wcZ…wmsnvmb cybi“×vi I i¶vq e¨_© n‡q fviZe‡l©i w`‡K `„wó wbeÜ K‡ib|
evey‡ii fviZ Awfhvb
evey‡ii fviZ Awfhvb AvKw¯§K †Kvb NUbv bq| HwZnvwmK‡`i g‡Z ga¨ Gwkqvq
evey‡ii fvM¨ wech©q Zuvi fviZ Awfhv‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY| ZvQvov wn›`y¯—vb I Kvey‡ji
mvwbœa¨, fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv Ges †bZ…e‡M©i Avgš¿Y evey‡ii fviZ Awfhv‡bi
†cQ‡b †cÖiYv hywM‡qwQj|
fvi‡Z eve‡ii cÖv_wgK fvi‡Zi w`j−xi kvmK Beªvwng
Awfhvb †jv`xi wei“‡× cvwbc‡_i hy‡×i
c~‡e©I eveyi K‡qKwU Awfhvb
cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| Gme
Awfhvb‡K cÖv_wgK Awfhvb
ejv n‡q _v‡K| 1519 †_‡K
1520 wLª÷vã ch©š— eveyi
fvi‡Z wZbwU Awfhvb cwiPvjbv
K‡ib| Gme Awfhv‡b wZwb
wmÜzb` AwZµg K‡i AwZ
mn‡RB e‡RŠi `yM©, fxiv, Kzke
I †Pbve b`xi AeevwnKv AÂj
`Lj K‡ib| 1524 wLª÷v‡ã
cvÄv‡ei kvmbKZ©v †`ŠjZ Lvb
†jv`x I KwZcq AvdMvb
AgvZ¨ we‡kl K‡i Avjg Lv‡bi
Avgš¿Yµ‡g eveyi m‰m‡b¨
cvÄv‡e cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges
jv‡nvi, w`cvjcyi I Ab¨vb¨
¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G weR‡qi
ci eveyi cvÄve‡K K‡qKfv‡M

eve‡ii wkwei Rxeb

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
4
 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

fvM K‡i †`ŠjZ Lv‡bi cyÎ w`jIqvi Lvb, Beªvwng †jv`xi PvPv Avjg Lvb Ges gyNj
Avgxi‡`i‡K cÖkvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q Kvey‡j wd‡i hvb| evey‡ii Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †`ŠjZ Lvb
cvÄve cybi“×vi K‡ib Ges Avjg Lvb I w`jIqvi Lvb‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib| Avjg Lvb
eva¨ n‡q Kvey‡j Avkªq †bb Ges evey‡ii mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| d‡j 1525 wLª÷v‡ã
eveyi cvÄve Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| wZwb mn‡R cvÄve Rq K‡ib Ges w`j−x Awfgy‡L
AMÖmi nb| Beªvwng †jv`x w`j−x i¶vi Rb¨ eveyi‡K cvwbc_ cÖvš—‡i 1526 wLª÷v‡ã euvav
w`‡j Df‡qi g‡a¨ GK i³¶qx hy× msNwUZ nq hv BwZnv‡m cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy× bv‡g
L¨vZ|

cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy×, 1526 wLª÷vã

fviZe‡l© evey‡ii cÖv_wgK weRq Zuv‡K w`j−xi wmsnvmb `L‡ji Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i| †m
j‡¶ wZwb w`j−xi A`~‡i HwZnvwmK cvwbc_ cÖvš—‡i 1526 wLª÷v‡ã 12 GwcÖj w`j−xi
†jv`x es‡ki †kl myjZvb
Beªvwng †jv`xi mv‡_ m¤§yL
mg‡i AeZxY© nb| eveyi Zuvi
AvÍRxebx ZzhyK-B-eveyix MÖ‡š’
D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb †h, G mg‡q
Zuvi mv‡_ evi nvRvi (gZvš—‡i
AvU nvRvi) ˆmb¨ wQj| ZvQvov
cvÄve R‡qi ci wKQy AwZwi³
ˆmb¨I Zuvi mv‡_ †hvM`vb
K‡i| Zuvi ˆR¨ôcyÎ ûgvqybI
Zuvi mv‡_ †hvM`vb K‡ib| G
hy‡× Beªvwng †jv`xi ˆmb¨ msL¨v
wQj GK j¶| cvwbc_ cÖvš—‡i
eveyi cÖwZi¶v †KŠkj wn‡m‡e
cvwbc‡_i hy‡× eve‡ii cwiLv Lbb K‡ib Ges Kvgvb
weRq I Beªvnxg †jv`xi I †Mvj›`vR evwnbx e¨envi
civRq K‡ib| fviZe‡l© GB cÖ_g
Kvgv‡bi e¨envi Kiv nq| G
hy‡× Beªvwng †jv`x cÖvYcY hy× eve‡ii cvwbc‡_i hy× cwiPvjbv
K‡iI civwRZ I wbnZ nb|

hy‡× evey‡ii mvd‡j¨i KviY

G hy‡× evey‡ii weR‡qi g~j KviY¸‡jv n‡”Q:
1. evey‡ii ˆmb¨ Beªvwng †jv`xi ˆmb¨ A‡c¶v AwaK myk„•Lj I mywkw¶Z wQj|
2. Beªvwng †jv`xi A¯¿k¯¿ A‡c¶v evey‡ii A¯¿k¯¿ AwaK DbœZgv‡bi wQj| G hy‡×
eveyi Kvgvb e¨envi K‡ib|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
5

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

3. eveyi wQ‡jb GKRb `¶ †mbvbvqK| wZwb Beªvwng †jv`xi wekvj evwnbxi wei“‡×
`¶Zvi mv‡_ Ges DbœZ hy× †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i Rq jvf K‡ib| ZvQvov hy×
cwiPvjbvq Beªvwng †jv`x A‡c¶v eveyi AwaK AwfÁ wQ‡jb|
4. Beªvwng †jv`xi AvÍxq ¯^R‡bi lohš¿ Beªvwng †jv`x‡K †hgb `ye©j I kw³ nxb K‡i
wecixZ w`‡K eveyi‡K hy‡× fxlYfv‡e Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡iwQj|
5. eveyi cÖ_g fviZe‡l© hy× †¶‡Î Av‡Mœqv¯¿ Kvgvb e¨envi K‡ib| Zuvi †Mvj›`vR
evwnbx myk„•Lj I `¶ wQj|
6. eveyi DR‡eMx I ZzKx©‡`i wbKU †_‡K bZzb iY‡KŠkj wk‡LwQ‡jb| G †KŠkj‡K
ejv nZ ÔZzjNygvÕ hy×ixwZ| G ixwZ †gvZv‡eK wZwb hy‡× cwiLv Lbb, ˆmb¨‡`i gv‡S
ey¨n iPbv, Av‡Mœqv¯¿ e¨envi I Ak¦v‡ivnx Øviv AvµgY cwiPvjbv K‡ib|

cvwbc‡_i hy‡×i djvdj

cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy× fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv| G hy‡× evey‡ii weR‡qi
cvwbc‡_i hy‡×i d‡j-
d‡j fvi‡Zi ZzKx© AvdMvb `xN© kvm‡bi (1203-1526 wLª:) Aemvb N‡U| G hy‡×i
1. evei fvi‡Z gyMj
mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi wfwË d‡j eveyi w`j−x I AvMÖv AwaKvi K‡i †jv`x mvgªv‡R¨i aŸsm¯—‚‡ci Dci gyNj es‡ki
ˆZwi K‡ib; 2. fviZe‡l© eywbqv` ev wfwË cÖ¯—i ¯’vcb K‡ib| cvwbc‡_i hy‡×i dj wn‡m‡e fvi‡Zi cÖfzZ¡
†Mvj›`vR evwnbxi cÖeZ©b m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c bv n‡jI AvswkKfv‡e evey‡ii nv‡Z P‡j hvq| cvwbc‡_i hy‡× weRqx nIqvi
K‡ib; 3. G‡`‡k cvIqv ci eveyi gyNj evwnbxi A½ wnmv‡e fviZe‡l© †Mvj›`vR evwnbx cÖeZ©b K‡ib| G hy‡×
ab-iZœ weZiY K‡i evey‡ii mvgwiK †kªôZ¡ wbtm‡›`‡n cÖgvwYZ nq| ivkeª“K DBwjqvgm e‡j‡Qb †h,
mg_©b Av`vq K‡ib; 4.
Òcvwbc‡_i Rq Øviv mvgªvR¨ ¯’vc‡bi cÖ_g c`‡¶c N‡U; ZLbI AvdMvb DcRvwZ
evei fvi‡Z ¯’vqx mvgªvR¨
cÖwZôvi msKí K‡ib| mg~‡ni we‡ivwaZv wQj cÖavb evavÓ| cvwbc‡_i hy‡× R‡qi ci eveyi w`j−x I AvMÖvq eû
abiZœ n¯—MZ K‡ib Ges G m¤ú` weZiY K‡i wZwb mn‡hvMx‡`i mg_©b Av`vq K‡ib|
ZvQvov cvwbc‡_i R‡qi ci eveyi fviZe‡l© ¯’vqxfv‡e ivRZ¡ Kv‡q‡gi m¼í MÖnY
K‡ib| G hy‡× R‡qi d‡j DËi fvi‡Zi we¯—xY© AÂj evey‡ii AwaKv‡i Av‡m| eû
AvdMvb m`©vi Zuvi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡ib|
myZivs cvwbc‡_i hy‡× weR‡qi ¸i“Z¡ we‡ePbvq G‡b ejv hvq †h fviZe‡l© e„wUk cÖvavb¨
we¯—v‡i cjvkxi hy‡×i ¸i“Z¡ †hgb Acwimxg †Zgwb gyNj cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡i cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g
hy‡×i f‚wgKvI fviZe‡l©i BwZnv‡m ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

Lvbyqvi hy×, 1527 wLª÷vã

fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ kw³i g‡a¨ ivRcyZ kw³ wQj Ab¨Zg| ivRcyZvbvi †gev‡ii AwacwZ
wQ‡jb ivbv msMÖvg wmsn| msMÖvg wmsn Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h eveyi Zuvi c~e©cyi“‡li b¨vq
w`j−x jyU K‡i ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i hv‡eb| ZLb wZwb Beªvwng †jv`xi iYK¬vš— †mbvevwnbx‡K
mn‡RB civ¯— K‡i gymwjg kvm‡bi aŸsm¯—‚‡ci Dci GK ¯^vaxb wn›`yivR¨ Kv‡qg
Ki‡eb| wKš‘ cvwbc‡_i hy‡× Rq jv‡fi ci evey‡ii fviZe‡l© ¯’vqxfv‡e emev‡mi
evmbvi K_v †R‡b msMÖvg wmsn GK kw³kvjx ivRcyZ evwnbx MVb K‡ib| wewfbœ iv‡R¨i
†bZ…eM©, AvRgxi, gviIqvo, Av¤^i I Pv‡›`ixi ivRcyZMY Ges †gIqv‡Ui nvmvb Lvb
Zuvi `‡j †hvM`vb K‡ib| cÖwZc‡¶i hy× cÖ¯‘wZ †`‡L evey‡ii ˆmb¨MY AvZswKZ n‡q
c‡o Ges hy× bv K‡i Kvey‡j wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ D`MÖxe n‡q D‡V| †mbv`‡ji g‡bvej

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
6

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

e„w×i Rb¨ eveyi `yÕwU KvR K‡ib| wZwb wb‡Ri cvbcvÎ †f‡½ †d‡jb Ges Zuvi †mvbvi
I iƒcvi cvbcvθ‡jv weZiY K‡i †`b| eveyi †Rnv` †NvlYvi gva¨‡gI ˆmb¨‡`i‡K
DÏxß K‡ib Ges AvMÖvi cwð‡g Lvbyqvi cÖvš—‡i ˆmb¨ mgv‡ek K‡ib|
1527 wLª÷v‡ãi 17 gvP© Lvbyqvi cÖvš—‡i ivbv msMÖvg wmsn Ges evey‡ii g‡a¨ Zzgyj hy×
msNwUZ nq| cÖvq 10 N›Uvi hy‡× ivRcyZ evwnbx AmvaviY weµg †`Lv‡jI evey‡ii
evei KZ©„K kw³kvjx
iY‡KŠkj †kl ch©š— ivRcyZ‡`i‡K civ¯— Ki‡Z m¶g nq| eveyi G hy‡×I ZzjNygv hy×
ivRcyZ evwnbxi civRq|
ixwZ Ges Av‡Mœqv‡¯¿i e¨env‡ii Øviv ivRcyZ kw³‡K aŸsm K‡ib| msMÖvg wmsn AvnZ
Ae¯’vq hyׇ¶Î Z¨vM K‡ib| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Zuvi mn‡hvMxiv Zuv‡K wel cÖ‡qv‡M nZ¨v
K‡i|
Lvbyqvi hy‡×i ¸i“Z¡
Lvbyqvi hy‡×i ¸i“Z¡ my`~icÖmvix| Lvbyqvi hy‡× civwRZ nIqvi ci msMÖvg wms‡ni fvi‡Z
Lvbyqvi hy‡× eve‡ii ivRcyZ cÖvavb¨ ¯’vc‡bi ¯^cœ wPiZ‡i webó n‡q hvq| kw³kvjx gyNj‡`i AMÖhvÎv cÖwZnZ
weR‡q fvi‡Z gyMj Kivi Rb¨ Avi †Kvb kw³ iBj bv| ivRcyZ kw³ cZ‡bi d‡j AvdMvbivI wb‡¯—R n‡q
mvgªvR¨ mycÖwZwôZ Kivi
c_ cÖk¯— nq|
c‡o| KviY ivRcyZ‡`i mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q †RvU Movi m¤¢vebvI wejxb n‡q hvq| G hy‡×
R‡qi d‡j fvi‡Z gyNj kw³i wfwË `„p nq Ges eveyi Kveyj †_‡K w`j−x‡Z ivRavbx
¯’vbvš—i K‡ib| AZtci wZwb mn‡R gvj‡ei †gw`bx ivq‡K civ¯— K‡ib| †Kvb †Kvb
HwZnvwmK Lvbyqvi hyׇK e·v‡ii hy‡×i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| KviY fvi‡Z e„wUk kw³i
cÖvavb¨ ¯’vc‡b e·vi †hgb GKwU wb®úwËKvix hy×, fvi‡Z gyNj kw³i DÌv‡b Lvbyqvi
hy×I wQj Z`iƒc|
djvdj
1. Lvbyqvi hy‡×i d‡j fviZe‡l© gyNj kw³ my`„p wfwËi Dci mycÖwZwôZ nq|
2. evey‡ii fviZel© AvµgYKvjxb mg‡q G‡`‡k `yB civµgkvjx kw³ wQj| †hgb
AvdMvb I ivRcyZ| cici `yÕwU hy‡× weR‡qi d‡j Dfq kw³ webó nq| d‡j
fviZe‡l© gyNj kw³i DÌv‡bi c_ wPi Dš§y³ nq|
3. Lvbyqvi cÖvš—‡i Rqjv‡fi ci gyNj‡`i †K›`ªxq ivRavbx Kveyj †_‡K w`j−x‡Z ¯’vbvš—
wiZ nq|
4. Lvbyqvi hy‡× Rqjv‡fi ci eveyi Ab¨vb¨ ivRcyZ‡`i‡K civwRZ Ki‡Z m¶g nb|

†MvMivi hy×, 1529 wLª÷vã

fviZe‡l©i `yÕwU e„nr kw³ Beªvwng †jv`x I ivbv msMÖvg wmsn evey‡ii wbKU civwRZ
n‡jI c~e© fvi‡Zi AvdMvbMY Zuv‡K g‡b cÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| evsjvi myjZvb
bymir kv‡ni Avkª‡q AvdMvb m`©viMY cybivq kw³ mÂq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| wenv‡ii †ki
Lvb, †RŠbcy‡ii gyn¤§` †jv`x Ges bymir kvn GK‡hv‡M w`j−x Avµg‡Yi cwiKíbv
K‡ib| evey‡ii evwnbx `ª“Z K‡bŠR, evivYmx, Gjvnvev` `Lj K‡i wenvi mxgv‡š— †MvMiv
b`xi Zx‡i DcbxZ n‡j gyn¤§` †jv`x I †ki Lvb evav †`b| wKš‘ mywkw¶Z gyNj evwnbxi
wbKU AvdMvb evwnbx civwRZ nq| 1529 wLª÷v‡ã gvngy` †jv`x evsjvi myjZvb
bvwmi“wÏb bymir kv‡ni kiYvcbœ nb| wKš‘ evey‡ii m‡½ bymir kv‡ni GK mwÜ nq| Gi
d‡j evsjvi myjZvb gyNj AvdMvb hy‡× wbi‡c¶ _vKvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`b| wewbg‡q eveyi

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
7

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

†MvMivi hy‡× eve‡ii

bymir kv‡ni ivR¨ mxgv †g‡b †bb Ges Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i n¯—‡¶c bv Kivi A½xKvi
weRq Dcgnv‡`‡k gyMj K‡ib| G hy‡× weR‡qi gva¨‡g fviZe‡l© evey‡ii weRq Awfhvb mgvß nq| eveyi
mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi c_ Avgy`wiqv †_‡K †MvMiv Ges wngvjq †_‡K †Mvqvwjqi ch©š— we¯—xY© f‚fv‡Mi AwacwZ
P‚ovš—fv‡e cÖk¯— K‡i| nb| Gfv‡e fviZe‡l© gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| 1530 wLª÷v‡ã Rwni DwÏb eveyi
AvMÖvq B‡š—Kvj K‡ib|

gyMj àmb® enáii hy◊hvŒv

evey‡ii PwiÎ
ZzK©x fvlvq ÔeveyiÕ k‡ãi A_© ÔwmsnÕ| evey‡ii PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx I `„pZvi Rb¨ Zuvi G
bvgKiY h_v_© e‡j A‡b‡K AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| ga¨ Gwkqvi `yB cÖavb we‡RZv
ˆZgyi I †Pw½‡mi i³ Zuvi †`‡n cÖengvb wQj| evey‡ii Pwi‡Î Dfq †`‡ki Dfq †bZvi
wKQy wKQy ˆewk‡ó¨i cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq| wZwb wQ‡jb ga¨ Gwkqvi GKRb hvhvei †hv×v|
ga¨ Gwkqvi hvhvei †hv×v RvwZmyjf ¯^fve wb‡q mgiL›`, AvdMvwb¯—vb I fviZe‡l© fvM¨v‡š^lY K‡ib| ga¨
†hv×vi PwiÎ evei‡K
Gwkqvi Rb¨ Zuvi fvjevmv wQj Avš—wiK| ga¨ Gwkqvi †jvK‡`i ¯^fve Abyhvqx eveyi
mvdj¨ G‡b w`‡qwQj|
hyׇK Rxe‡bi GK ¯^vfvweK ag© wn‡m‡e g‡b Ki‡Zb|
Rq ev civR‡q wZwb wQ‡jb AwePwjZ| hy‡×i cÖ‡qvR‡b Pig wbôziZv †`Lv‡jI wZwb
¯^fve-wbôzi wQ‡jb bv| hy‡×i g‡a¨I wZwb D`¨vb iPbv I gmbfx ev KweZv iPbvi K_v
fve‡Zb| e¯‘Z evey‡ii ü`q wQj †Kvgj| wZwb Zuvi cwiev‡ii †jvKRb‡`i‡K AZ¨š—
evei GKw`‡K wQ‡jb fvjevm‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb mvnmx, D”PvKv•¶x I AvÍ wek¦vmx, wec‡` wZwb ˆah© nviv‡Zb bv|
AvÍwek¦vmx I `¶ †hv×v
Ab¨w`‡K wQ‡jb †Kvgj
Zx¶è eyw× Øviv wZwb kΓc‡¶i `ye©j w`K¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Zb| m½xZ, Kve¨, mvwn‡Z¨
ü`qevb| Zuvi Mfxi AbyivM wQj| †Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwm‡Ki g‡Z eveyi wQ‡jb divmx exi
†b‡cvwjq‡bi gZ AvÍ wbf©ikxj Ges ˆah©kxj| HwZnvwmK Ck¦ix cÖmv` e‡jb, Ò†hv×v,
kvmK I cwÊZ e¨w³ wn‡m‡e eveyi ga¨hy‡Mi GKRb AvKl©Yxq I e¨w³Z¡ m¤úbœ bicwZ
wQ‡jb|Ó eveyi wQ‡jb Kómwnòz| ivR¨nviv n‡q wZwb eû wewb`ª iRbx AwZevwnZ
K‡i‡Qb| ZeyI wZwb n‡Zv`¨g nbwb| m‡e©vcwi wZwb wQ‡jb †ønermj wcZv|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
8

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

kvmK wn‡m‡e evey‡ii K…wZZ¡

fviZe‡l© gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i ¯’cwZ wn‡m‡e evey‡ii K…wZZ¡ D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wZwb hw` gyNj
kw³‡K fviZgyLx bv Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j ga¨ Gwkqvq nqZ DR‡eM RvwZi mv‡_ msN‡l© Zviv
aŸsm n‡q †hZ| wZwb DËi fvi‡Zi ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivR¨ aŸsm K‡i GKK mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôv
evei wQ‡jb GKRb K‡ib| wZwb ivRcyZ Ges AvdMvb kw³‡K `ye©j K‡i w`‡q cieZx©Kv‡j AvKe‡ii
mdj we‡RZv I `¶ mvgªvR¨ Movi KvR mnR K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Ôev`kvnÕ Dcvwa MÖnY Ges wmsnvm‡bi
cÖkvmK| mve©‡fŠgZ¡ †NvlYv K‡ib| HwZnvwmK G Avi kg©vi g‡Z, Òeveyi GKwU ivResk Ges
GKwU mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib|Ó evey‡ii mvgªvR¨ cwð‡g Kveyj †_‡K c~‡e© wenvi Ges
Dˇi wngvjq †_‡K `w¶‡Y Pv‡›`ix ch©š— we¯—…Z wQj| wZwb gvÎ Pvi eQi (1526-1530
wLª:) ivRZ¡ K‡ib| GZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ kvmb KvVv‡gvi †Kvb D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b
mvab Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡e wZwb ev`kvn I mvgªv‡R¨i cÖkvmwbK `ßi¸‡jvi g‡a¨
†hvMv‡hvM i¶vi Rb¨ GKRb cÖavbgš¿x (fwKj) wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb cÖv‡`wkK
kvmbKZ©v, w`Iqvb (ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v), wkK`vi (mgiKZ©v) I †Kv‡Zvqvj ev bMiva¨¶
wbhy³ K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb mvgš— I RvqMxi`vi‡`i ¶gZv A‡bKvs‡k Le© K‡ib|

eve‡ii g„Zz¨

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
9

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

wkí I mvwnZ¨vbyivMx wn‡m‡e evey‡ii K…wZZ¡

eveyi ïaygvÎ GKRb kvmK I †hv×vB wQ‡jb bv, wkí I mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZI Zuvi cÖMvp
evei wQ‡jb GKRb AbyivM wQj| Zuvi iwPZ ÔZzhyK-B-eveyiÕ ev evey‡ii AvÍ
Rxebx ZzK©x mvwn‡Z¨i †¶‡Î GK
mvwnwZ¨K I wbg©vZv| Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| eveyi w`j−x I AvMÖvq †ek K‡qKwU AÆvwjKv, D`¨vb Ges cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi
Rb¨ cvKv b`©gv wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb|
eveyi civwRZ AvdMvb I ivRcyZ‡`i cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i wewbg‡q ˆgÎx bxwZ MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb| GKRb HwZnvwmK e‡j‡Qb †h ÒAvKe‡ii ivóªbxwZi exR Zuvi cÖL¨vZ
wcZvgn †ivcY K‡ib|Ó eveyi wQ‡jb ga¨hy‡Mi GKRb AvKl©Yxq Ges e¨w³Z¡ m¤úbœ
bicwZ|

mvi-ms‡¶c Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` eveyi fviZe‡l© gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| eveyi wcZ…ivR¨ dviMvbv
nvwi‡q A‡bK PovB DrivB AwZµg K‡i Kvey‡ji wmsnvmb `Lj K‡ib| Kveyj †_‡K
eveyi fviZe‡l© AvµgY cwiPvjbv K‡ib Ges fviZe‡l©i ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv
Zuv‡K G‡`k weR‡q DrmvwnZ K‡i| evey‡ii G‡`‡ki mxgvš—eZx© AÂj Avµg‡Yi
cÖv_wgK mvdj¨ Ges cieZx© Kv‡j cvwbc‡_i, Lvbyqvi I †MvMivi hy‡×i mvdj¨ G‡`‡k
gyNj kvmb cÖwZôvq Zuv‡K cÖf‚Zfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 1.2

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœt

1. ev`kvn eveyi Rš§MÖnY K‡ib 
K. mgiL‡›` L. †evLvivq
M. dviMvbvq N. ZvmL‡›`
2. eveyi Kvey‡ji wmsnvmb `Lj K‡ib 
K. 1500 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1504 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1506 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1508 wLª÷v‡ã
3. evey‡ii fviZel© Awfhv‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY 
K. wn›`y¯—vb I Kvey‡ji mvwbœa¨ L. fvi‡Zi ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv
M. fviZxq †bZ…e‡M©i Avgš¿Y N. K, L, M
4. †jv`x es‡ki †kl myjZv‡bi bvg 
K. evnjyj †jv`x L. wmKv›`i †jv`x
M. Beªvwng †jv`x N. †`ŠjZ Lvb †jv`x
5. cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy× msNwUZ nq 
K. 1525 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1526 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1527 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1528 wLª÷v‡ã

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
10

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

6. Lvbyqvi hy‡× ivRcyZ †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib 

K. †gw`bx ivq L. h‡kve¯— wmsn
M. ivYv msMÖvg wmsn N. gvbwmsn
7. fviZe‡l© evey‡ii †kl weRq Awfhvb 
K. cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy× L. Lvbyqvi hy×
M. cvwbc‡_i wØZxq hy× N. †MvMivi hy×

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ:

1. evey‡ii evj¨Rxeb ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

2. cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy‡×i msw¶ß weeiY w`b|
3. Lvbyqvi hy‡×i KviY I djvdj wK wQj?
4. kvmK wn‡m‡e ev`kvn evey‡ii K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki“b|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
11

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

cvV
ev`kvn ûgvqy‡bi kvmbKvj t 1530-1540 wLª: I 1555-1556 wLª:
3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb 
• wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡i ûgvqyb †h me euvavi m¤§yLxb nb Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ûgvqy‡bi mv‡_ †ki kv‡ni msN‡l©i KviY I djvdj D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• evnv`yi kv‡ni mv‡_ ûgvqy‡bi msN‡l©i weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ûgvqy‡bi wech©‡qi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• ûgvqy‡bi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ev`kvn ûgvqy‡bi kvmbvgj‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv
hvq| cÖ_g ch©vq 1530-40 wLª÷vã Ges wØZxq
ch©v‡q 1555-1556 wLª÷vã ch©š—| gvSLv‡b
15 eQi wZwb cvi‡m¨ cÖevm Rxeb hvcb K‡ib|
1530 wLª÷v‡ã bvwmiDwÏb gyn¤§` ûgvqyb
ev`kvn ûgvqy‡bi
wmsnvmb jvf Ges wewfbœ
w`j−xi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| Zuvi wmsnvmb
msK‡Ui gy‡LvgywL| Av‡ivnYKvjxb mg‡q mvgªv‡R¨i ivR‰bwZK
Ae¯’v wQj Aw¯’wZkxj I wec`msKzj| c~e©w`‡K
AvdMvbMY Ges cwð‡g ¸Riv‡Ui kvmK evn`yi
kvn gyNj cÖfz‡Z¡i Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q `uvovb|
ûgvqy‡bi Avcb fvB‡qivI bvbvwea Amyweav m„wó
K‡i| Zuvi fwMœcwZ gyn¤§` Rvgvb gxR©v Ges
PvPv‡Zv fvB gyn¤§` myjZvb gxR©vI w`j−xi mgªvU ûgvqyb
wmsnvm‡bi w`‡K †jvfvZzi `„wó †`b| wewfbœ RvwZi mswgkª‡Y MwVZ gyNj ˆmb¨evwnbx‡Z
wek„•Ljv †`Lv †`q| ZvQvov DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß ûgvqy‡bi mvgªvR¨I myMwVZ wQj bv|
Ggwb ˆeix Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Y e¨_© n‡j ûgvqyb w`j−xi wmsnvmbPz¨Z nb|
ûgvqy‡bi mv‡_ evnv`yi kv‡ni msNl©
wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ ûgvqyb KvwjÄi `yM© Ae‡iva K‡ib| Z‡e wenv‡ii
kvmbKZ©v gvngy` †jv`x we‡`ªvn Ki‡j wZwb Ae‡iva DwV‡q †d‡jb Ges wenvi AvµgY
¸Riv‡U evnv`yi kv‡ni K‡i gvngy` †jv`x‡K civ¯— K‡ib| ûgvqyb G weR‡qi ci †ki Lv‡bi Pzbvi `yM© Ae‡iva
†gvKv‡ejv K‡ib| †kiLvb ûgvqy‡bi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡j wZwb (ûgvqyb) AvMÖvq wd‡i Av‡mb| wKQy
w`‡bi g‡a¨ c~e©v‡j †kiLvb Ges ¸Riv‡U evnv`yi kvn Zuv‡`i wbR wbR kw³ e„w× K‡i|
G msev‡` ev`kvn kswKZ n‡q c~e©v‡ji cwie‡Z© ¸Riv‡U evn`yi kv‡ni wei“‡× hy×
hvÎv K‡ib|
evnv`yi kv‡ni we‡`ªvn
¸RivU Kvw_qv‡oi mgy`ª DcK‚‡j Aew¯’Z| ûgvqy‡bi Avg‡j ¸Riv‡Ui kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb
P‚ovš—fv‡e `gb Kiv m¤¢e
nqwb| evnv`yi kvn| wZwb wQ‡jb D”Pvwfjvlx Ges ûgvqy‡bi cÖwZ kΓfvevcbœ| AvdMvb
we‡`ªvnx‡`i Avkªq`vb Ges mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb K‡i wZwb ûgvqy‡bi weivMfvRb nb| ZvQvov
gvje, iY_‡¤¢vi, ivRcyZbv I wP‡Zvi weR‡qi cwiKíbv Ki‡j Zuvi mv‡_ ûgvqy‡bi msNl©

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
12

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

Awbevh© n‡q c‡o| ûgvqyb we‡`ªvnx Avgxi‡`i‡K †diZ †P‡q evnv`yi kv‡ni mv‡_ Av‡cvl
gxgvsmvi †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ evnv`yi kvn ûgvqy‡bi cÖ¯—ve bvKP K‡i †`b| d‡j Dfq
c‡¶ Zzgyj hy× msNwUZ nq| evnv`yi kvn hy‡× civwRZ n‡q cjvqb K‡ib Avng`vev‡`|
wKš‘ ev`kvn ûgvqyb ivRavbx‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡j evnv`yi kvn ¸RivU cybi“×vi K‡ib|
G mg‡q c~e©v‡j †kiLvb cÖfvekvjx n‡q DV‡j evnv`yi kv‡ni we‡`ªvn `gb mgªv‡Ui
c‡¶ Avi m¤¢e nqwb|
ûgvqy‡bi mv‡_ †ki Lv‡bi msNvZ
†ki Lvb wQ‡jb fviZe‡l©i c~e©v‡j wenvi cÖ‡`‡ki AvdMvb †bZv| †ki Lvb ev`kvn
evey‡ii RxeÏkv‡ZB wenv‡ii Aš—M©Z mvmviv‡gi mvgš— kvmK| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb Pzbvi
†ki Lv‡bi DÌvb `y‡M©i AwacwZ ZvR Lv‡bi weaev cZœx jv` gvwjKv‡K we‡q K‡i Pzbvi `y‡M©i AwacwZ
nb| 1531 wLª÷v‡ã ev`kvn ûgvqyb Pzbvi `yM© Ae‡iva Ki‡j †ki Lvb Zuvi mv‡_
mwÜm~‡Î Ave× nb Ges mg‡qvwPZ AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i wbR‡K i¶v K‡ib| B‡Zvg‡a¨
wenv‡ii kvmbKZ©v Rvgvj Lvb †jvnvbx evsjvi myjZvb gvngy` kv‡ni mvnv‡h¨ †kiLv‡bi
KZ©„Z¡ †jvc Ki‡Z m‡Pó nb| †ki Lvb GB mw¤§wjZ evwnbx‡K myivRM‡oi hy‡×
†kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ K‡i wenv‡ii Awemsevw`Z AwacwZ nb| AZtci †ki Lvb evsjvi
cÖwZ `„wó †`b| wZwb Dch©ycwi `yÕevi evsjv AvµgY K‡i ivRavbx †MŠ‡oi ØvicÖv‡š—
Dcw¯’Z nb|
ev`kvn ûgvqyb c~e©v‡j †ki Lv‡bi ¶gZv e„wׇZ cÖgv` ¸‡Yb Ges Zuv‡K `gb Kivi
ûgvqy‡bi evsjvq AvMgb D‡Ï‡k¨ 1537 wLª÷v‡ã m‰m‡b¨ evsjv Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡_ ûgvqyb
Ges Pzbvi `~M© Rq Pzbvi `yM© AvµgY K‡i AwaKvi K‡i †bb| Pzbvi `yM© Rq K‡i ûgvqyb `xN© Qq gvm evsjvq
AwZevwnZ K‡ib| G my‡hv‡M †ki Lvb evbvim, †RŠbcyi AwaKvi K‡ib|
myPZzi †ki Lvb ûgvqy‡bi mv‡_ m¤§yL mg‡i AeZxY© bv n‡q cðv`cmiY K‡ib| wZwb
wenvi I †RŠbcy‡i gyNj AwaK…Z AÂj `ª“Z AwaKvi K‡i K‡bŠR ch©š— AMÖmi nb| †ki
Lvb w`j−xi mv‡_ evsjvi †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wew”Qbœ K‡i †`b| d‡j ûgvqyb AvZswKZ n‡q
‡PŠmvi hy× : 1539 wLª: c‡ob Ges Kvj wej¤^ bv K‡i m‰m‡b¨ AvMÖv Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| c‡_ M½v b`xi Zx‡i
ûgvqy‡bi civRq †ki
Lv‡bi Ò†kikvnÓ Dcvwa †PŠmv bvgK ¯’v‡b †ki Lvb Zuvi MwZ‡iva K‡ib| GB `ytmg‡q ûgvqyb Zuvi åvZv‡`i
wbKU mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡i e¨_© nb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb gywó‡gq ˆmb¨ wb‡q †kiLv‡bi mv‡_
hy‡× AeZxY© nb| G hy‡× 1539 wLª÷v‡ã ûgvqyb civwRZ nb| ûgvqy‡bi ˆmb¨ evwnbx
AvÍi¶vi Rb¨ `ª“Z M½v b`x‡Z Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges G‡Z A‡b‡Ki mwjj mgvwa N‡U|
ûgvqyb †Kvb iK‡g M½v cvi n‡q cÖvY euvPvb Ges AvMÖvq †cuŠ‡Qb| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h wZwb
hLb M½vq wbgw¾Z nIqvi Dcµg nb ZLb wbRvg bv‡g GK wfw¯—Iqvjv Zuv‡K cÖv‡Y
i¶v K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi cÖvYi¶vKvix‡K wecyj m¤§v‡b f‚wlZ K‡ib Ges GKw`‡bi Rb¨
w`j−xi kvnx gmb‡` emvb| GB hy× R‡qi d‡j evsjv, wenvi, †RŠbcyi, K‡bŠR †ki
Lv‡bi n¯—MZ nq| Zuvi kw³ I gh©v`v e„w× cvIqvi d‡j wZwb 1539 wLª: Ô†kikvnÕ
Dcvwa aviY K‡i ivRKxh gh©v`vq wb‡R‡K f‚wlZ K‡ib| wZwb wb‡Ri bv‡g Lyrevn cvV I
gy`ªv¼‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
13

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

wejMÖv‡gi hy× (1540 wLª:)

†PŠmvi hy‡×i civR‡qi M−vwb Ges e¨_©Zvi †e`bv mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i ûgvqyb cybivq
fvB‡`i wbKU ˆmb¨ mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨ wZwb cvbwb| ZvB wZwb
ûgvq~‡bi civRq, gvÎ Pwj−k nvRvi ˆm‡b¨i GK evwnbx wb‡q †kikvn‡K evav †`qvi Rb¨ K‡bŠ‡Ri c‡_
mvgwqKfv‡e gyMj AMÖmi nb| Aci c‡¶ †kikv‡ni ˆmb¨ msL¨v wQj cbi nvRvi| wZwb G ˆmb¨ wb‡q
mvgªv‡R¨i Aemvb 1540 wLª÷v‡ãi 17 †g K‡bŠ‡Ri A`~‡i wejMÖv‡g ûgvqy‡bi gy‡LvgyLx nb| Df‡qi g‡a¨
Zzgyj hy× msNwUZ nq| wejMÖv‡gi hy‡× ûgvqyb cybivq †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ n‡q AvMÖvi
c‡_ cjvqb K‡ib| †kikvn `ª“Z w`j−x, AvMÖv AwaKvi K‡i wb‡j ûgvqyb cvi‡m¨i w`‡K
cjvqb K‡ib| G hy‡× civR‡qi d‡j fvi‡Z mvgwqK fv‡e gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i Aemvb N‡U
Ges †kikv‡ni †bZ…‡Z¡ AvdMvb mvgªvR¨ cÖwZwôZ nq|

†kikv‡ni mvdj¨ I ûgvqy‡bi e¨_©Zvi KviY

†kikv‡ni mvdj¨ I ûgvqy‡bi fvM¨ wech©‡qi KviY wn‡m‡e wb‡æv³ welq¸‡jv D‡j−L
Kiv hvqt
1. †kikv‡ni ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zv I mvgwiK `¶Zv- †kikvn wQ‡jb †KŠkjx I
`~i`k©x ivRbxwZK| wZwb ûgvqyb‡K †MŠo Rq Ki‡Z my‡hvM w`‡q †KŠk‡j wb‡Ri
mvgwiK kw³ e„w×i KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K ûgvqy‡bi `~i`wk©Zvi Afve wQj|
Pzbvi Ges c‡i †MŠ‡o Ah_v Kvj‡¶cY Zuvi A`~i`wk©Zv cÖgvY K‡i|
2. evey‡ii mvgªv‡R¨i mvsMVwbK `ye©jZv- eveyi †h mvgªvR¨ I kvmb e¨e¯’v †i‡L hvb Zv
GZ `ye©j, KvVv‡gvnxb I f½yi wQj †h ûgvqy‡bi c‡¶ Zv i¶v Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
eveyi ivR‡Kvl k~b¨ †i‡L hvb Ges wZwb myôz ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v Kv‡qg K‡i †h‡Z
cv‡ibwb|
3. †mbvevwnbxi mvsMVwbK ˆewkó¨- †kikv‡ni †mbvevwnbx hy× wbcyY ˆmb¨ Øviv myMwVZ
wQj| wKš‘ ûgvqyb‡K AZ¨š— ZvovZvwo ˆmb¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡qwQj e‡j wZwb ˆmb¨
evwnbx‡K myMwVZ Kivi mgq I my‡hvM cvbwb|
4. ûgvqy‡bi PvwiwÎK `ye©jZv- ûgvqyb wQ‡jb `ye©j wP‡Ëi AwaKvix| wZwb Zuvi fvB‡`i
cÖwZ †KvgjZv †`wL‡q c‡i AbyZvc Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| HwZnvwmK †jbcyj e‡j‡Qb †h
ûgvqy‡bi Pwi‡Î `„p cÖwZÁv, †R` I Aa¨emv‡qi Afve wQj| wZwb †Kvb wel‡q
AvswkK mdjZvi ci Av‡gv` cÖ‡gv‡` Ah_v mgq e¨q Ki‡Zb|
5. ûgvqy‡bi fvB‡`i we‡ivwaZv- ûgvqy‡bi wZb fvB Kvgivb, wn›`vj Ges AvmKvix
wec‡`i mg‡q ûgvqyb‡K †Kvbiƒc mvnvh¨ K‡ibwb| d‡j GKv ûgvqy‡bi c‡¶ w`j−xi
wmsnvmb i¶v Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
6. AvdMvb‡`i wbi¼zk mg_©b- †kikv‡ni cÖwZ AvdMvb‡`i c~Y© mg_©b wQj| Ab¨w`‡K
ûgvqyb Zuvi AvcbR‡bi mg_©b †_‡KI ewÂZ n‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j ûgvqyb wmsnvmbPz¨Z
nb Ges fvi‡Zi fvM¨vKv‡k ayg‡KZzi gZ †kikv‡ni Avwef©ve N‡U|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
14

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

ûgvqy‡bi †`k-†`kvš—‡i ågY

†kikv‡ni wbKU civwRZ n‡q ûgvqyb eû `ytL `y`©kvi ga¨w`‡q Avkª‡qi mÜv‡b †`k-
†`kvš—‡i Ny‡i †eov‡Z jvM‡jb| †hvacy‡i Avkªq jv‡f e¨_© n‡q wZwb Agi‡Kv‡U ivbv
cÖmv‡`i Avkªq cÖv_©x nb| ivbv cÖmv` Zv‡K Avkªq †`b Ges wmÜz I hvÆv cybi“×v‡i
mnvqZvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`b| Agi‡Kv‡U _vKv Ae¯’vq ûgvqy‡bi ¯¿x nvwg`v evbyi M‡f© cyÎ
Agi‡KvU I cvi‡m¨
AvKe‡ii Rb¥ nq| ivbv cÖmv‡`i mv‡_ ûgvqy‡bi gZ we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j wZwb ûgvqyb‡K
ûgvqyb
mvnvh¨`v‡b A¯‹xK…wZ Ávcb K‡ib| ûgvqyb Avkª‡qi Avkvq Kv›`vnv‡i fvB AvkKvixi
¯§iYvcbœ nb| wKš‘ AvkKvix m¤§Z bv nIqvq wZwb wkï cyÎ AvKei‡K Kv›`vnv‡i †i‡L
cvim¨ Awfgy‡L iIbv nb| 1542 wLª÷v‡ã cvi‡m¨ †cuŠQ‡j mgªvU kvn Zvgvmc ûgvqyb‡K
Avš—wiK Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| cvim¨ mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z GK Pzw³ Abymv‡i ûgvqyb‡K
†evLviv, Kveyj, Kv›`vnvi I Zuvi üZ gyNj ivR¨ cybi“×v‡i †mbvevwnbx I A_© w`‡q
mvnv‡h¨i cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`qv nq| wewbg‡q ûgvqyb kvn Zvgmc‡K Kv›`vnvi wdwi‡q w`‡Z
Ges wkqv ag©gZ MÖnY Ki‡Z ivRx nb|

ûgvqy‡bi ivR¨ cybi“×vi

cvim¨ mgªv‡Ui mnqZvq ûgvqyb Zuvi fvB‡`i civwRZ K‡i Kveyj I Kv›`vnvi AwaKvi
K‡ib| Kv›`vnvi †_‡K wkïcyÎ AvKei‡K D×vi Kiv nq| 1554 wLª÷v‡ã wek¦vmx
Kveyj, Kv›`vnvi, w`j−x I †mbvcwZ ˆeigLv‡bi mnvqZvq wn›`y¯—vb c~bi“×v‡i AMÖmi nb| 1555 wLª÷v‡ã wmKv›`i
AvMÖv AwaKvi Ges
ïi‡K civwRZ K‡i cvÄve `Lj K‡ib| w`j−x I AvMÖv AwaKvi K‡i wZwb gyNj kvmb
g„Zz¨eiY
c~btcÖwZôv K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb †ekx w`b ivR¨ †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| 1556 wLª÷v‡ãi 24
Rvbyqvwi ûgvqyb w`j−x‡Z Zuvi cvVvMv‡ii wmuwo n‡Z c‡o wM‡q AvKw¯§K g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|

ûgvqy‡bi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡

ûgvqyb kvš— ¯^fve, `qvjy I evrmj¨ cÖeb wQ‡jb| Zuvi g‡a¨ ggZ¡‡evaI wQj Acwimxg|
mwnòzZv I ¶gvkxjZvi gZ `yj©f¸YI Zuvi g‡a¨ wQj| wZwb wQ‡jb wkw¶Z, gvwR©Z I
ûgvqy‡bi Pwi‡Î
ggZ¡‡eva, mwnòzZv
wkóvPvi m¤úbœ| GQvovI Zuvi g‡a¨ mgi`¶Zv I mvnwmKZviI Afve wQjbv| Z‡e Zuvi
mvnwmKZv BZ¨vw` m`¸b g‡a¨ weP¶YZv I ivR‰bwZK `yi`k©xZvi Afve wQj| be cÖwZwôZ mvgªvR¨ i¶v Kivi
_vK‡jI weP¶YZvi Ges AvdMvb‡`i we‡ivwaZv †gvKv‡ejv K‡i mvgªv‡R¨i msnwZ weavb Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxq
Afve wQj `yi`wk©Zv, KzU‡KŠkj I ˆah©¨ Zuvi wQjbv| HwZnvwmK †jbcyj Gi g‡Z, ûgvqy‡bi PwiÎ
wQj AvKl©bxq, wKš‘ cÖfvekvjx bq| e¨w³ Rxe‡b nqZ g‡bvig m½x I wek¦vmx eÜz wQ‡jb
wKš‘ mgªvU wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb m¤ú~Y© e¨_©|

mvi-ms‡¶c mgªvU evey‡ii g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi †R¨ôcyÎ ûgvqyb w`j−xi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| ûgvqyb
AvdMvb‡`i mv‡_ we‡kl K‡i †ki Lv‡bi mv‡_ hy‡× civwRZ n‡q w`j−xi wmsnvmb nvwi‡q
†d‡jb| cieZ©x Kv‡j `xN© c‡bi eQi ci 1555 wLª: wZwb w`j−xi wmsnvmb cybi“×vi
Ki‡jI weR‡qi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| 1556 wLªóv‡ãi 26 Rvbyqvwi wZwb
cvVvMv‡oi wmuwo †_‡K c‡o g„Zz¨eib K‡ib|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
15

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 1.3

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœt
1. ûgvqyb w`j−xi wmsnvm‡b e‡mb 

K. 1525 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1535 wLª÷v‡ã
L. 1530 wLª÷v‡ã
N. 1540 wLª÷v‡ã
2. ¸Riv‡Ui kvmb KZ©vi bvg 
K. gvngy` kvn L. Rvgvj Lvb
M. †ki Lvb N. evnv`yi kvn
3. mgªvU ûgvqyb Pzbvi `yM© Ae‡iva K‡ib 
K. 1525 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1530 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1531 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1540 wLª÷v‡ã
4. ûgvqy‡bi Avg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx wQj 
K. j¶èYveZx‡Z L. †MŠ‡o
M. gywk©`vev‡` N. XvKvq
5. †PŠmvi hy× msNwUZ nq 
K. 1531 wLª÷v‡ã L. 1533 wLª÷v‡ã
M. 1535 wLª÷v‡ã N. 1539 wLª÷v‡ã
6. 1540 wLª÷v‡ãi wejMÖv‡gi hy× msNwUZ nq 
K. ûgvqyb I gyn¤§` kv‡ni g‡a¨ L. ûgvqyb I Rvjvj Lv‡bi g‡a¨
M. ûgvqyb I †kikv‡ni g‡a¨ N. ûgvqyb I evnv`yi kv‡ni g‡a¨
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœt

1. wmsnvmb jv‡fi ci ûgvqyb †h me evavi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. ûgvqy‡bi mv‡_ evnv`yi kv‡ni msN‡l©i NUbv eY©bv Ki“b|
3. ûgvqyb-†kiLv‡bi hy‡×i eY©bv w`b|
4. ûgvqy‡bi e¨_©Zvi KviY mg~n eY©bv Ki“b|
P‚ovš— g~j¨vqb-1 ◗iPbvg~jK cÖkœt
1. myjZvb Beªvnxg †jv`xi mv‡_ wewfbœ iv‡R¨i kvmK‡`i we‡iv‡ai weeib w`b|
2. evey‡ii fviZel© weR‡qi cÖvK¡v‡j G‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi weeiY
w`b|
3. evey‡ii fviZ R‡qi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ Awfhvbmg~‡ni weeiY w`b|
4. cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy‡×i eY©bv w`b| GB hy‡×i djvdj Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
5. Lvbyqv I †MvMivi hy‡×i KviY I djvdj wjwce× Ki“b|
6. fviZ e‡l© gyNj mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ eveyi †h mg¯— c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi
eY©bv w`b|
7. gyNj mvgªv‡R¨i cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e evey‡ii K…wZZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
16

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq I‡cb ¯‹zj

8. ûgvqy‡bi e¨_©Zvi Ges †kikv‡ni mvd‡j¨i KviY eY©bv Ki“b|

9. mgªvU ûgvqy‡bi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|

DËigvjv:
cvV - 1 ⇒ 1. M 2. L 3. N 4. M 5. L
cvV - 2 ⇒ 1. M 2. L 3. N 4. M 5. L
6. M 7. N
cvV - 3 ⇒ 1. L 2. N 3. M 4. L 5. N
6. M

GBP.Gm.wm †cÖvMÖvg BwZnvm 2q cÎ c„ôv
17