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Einstein Notation For Vectors PDF

The document provides equations and definitions relating to vector calculus using Einstein notation for summation. It defines Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita relations, describes operations on scalars, vectors and tensors, defines inner, outer and cross products, and provides basic translations of operators like gradient, divergence and curl into summation notation. It also lists two tautologies using this notation.

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celso
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411 views1 page

Einstein Notation For Vectors PDF

The document provides equations and definitions relating to vector calculus using Einstein notation for summation. It defines Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita relations, describes operations on scalars, vectors and tensors, defines inner, outer and cross products, and provides basic translations of operators like gradient, divergence and curl into summation notation. It also lists two tautologies using this notation.

Uploaded by

celso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Vector calculus with Einstein notation quick reference Page 1 of 1

Kronecker Delta and Levi-Civita relations:


δii = 3
δi j δ jk = δik
εi jk εi jm = 2δkm
εi jk εimn = δ jm δkn − δ jn δkm
εi jk εi jk = 6

Scalar, vector, and 2-tensor operations


αv + βu = (αvi + βui ) ei
  
αA + βB = αAi j + βBi j ei ⊗ e j
 
vA = (vl el ) A ji e j ⊗ ei = ei δl j vl A ji = ei v j A ji
 
Av = Ai j ei ⊗ e j (vl el ) = ei δ jl Ai j vl = ei Ai j v j
     
AB = Ai j ei ⊗ e j Bi j ei ⊗ e j = Ail Bl j ei ⊗ e j
tr (AB) = Ai j B ji
 
A : B = tr AT B = Ai j Bi j

Inner, outer, and cross products:


a · b = ai bi
 
a ⊗ b = ai b j ei ⊗ e j
a × b = εi jk ai b j ek
a × b × c = ai b j ci e j − ai bi c j e j
= (a · c) b − (a · b) c
Basic translations into summation convention:
∇ = ei ∂i Del operator
∆ = ∂i ∂i Laplacian operator, ∇2 = ∇ · ∇
∇ϕ = ei ∂i ϕ gradient : scalar → vector
 
∇∇ϕ = ∂i ∂ j ϕ ei ⊗ e j gradient gradient : scalar → tensor
 
∇u = ∂ j ui ei ⊗ e j gradient : vector → tensor
∇ · u = ∂i u i divergence: vector → scalar
 
∇ × u = εi jk ∂i u j ek curl: vector → vector

Tautologies using summation convention:


∇ × (∇ϕ) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j ϕek = 0 curl gradient scalar
∇ · (∇ × u) = 0 ⇐⇒ εi jk ∂i ∂ j uk = 0 divergence curl vector

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