Introduction to Computing (CSC101)

Lecture 01

Zaheer ul Hussain Sani

About: Zaheer ul Hussain Sani

• Background and Professional Career

• Office
– Academic Block-II (AB-II), First Floor, Open Space
Faculty Offices
• Email
– [email protected]

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Major Topics

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Course Learning Outcomes

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Marks Distribution

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 Text Books

TEXT Book:
1. Introduction to Computers, Peter, N., 6th Edition (2013), McGraw Hill.
2. Practical Programming (in Python) Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey, (2016)

Reference Books:
1. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer &
Communications, Stacey, W.S & Sawyer, C., 10th Edition (2012), McGraw Hill.
2. Practical Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science Using Python 3,Gries,
P., Campbell, J., &Montojo, J., 2nd Edition (2013), The Pragmatic Programmers

No Restriction:
Different Books. You can choose the book of your own choice

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Course Requirements

 Assignments/Quizes
 Written assignments (Small Tasks) (details in coming lectures)
 Idea is to initiate research oriented writing not “copy-paste”
 Attendance, Presentations, Quiz & Class Discussion & Participation (as
a regular activity)
 Volunteer presentations (you must not be that familiar with this kind
of stuff but you need to respond to it quickly!)
 Sessional’s loot sale
 Formal Presentations in groups

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How to get good marks?

 Requirements
 Overall Class Attitude
 Things to Avoid (Copy-Paste Culture, Carelessness, leg-pulling)
 Things to do (Innovation, Confidence, Work Attitude)
 Sense of Maturity and continuous learning

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Examination

 I personally believe in “thorough studies” so usually no choices

given in the exam
 Every thing discussed, during the class or given as reading material,
could be part of the exams
 Questions will be formulated in a way to examine both bookish as
well as conceptual thinking
 Other details will be given close to Sessional

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Information and Communications Technology
(ICT)
• ICT is an extended form of Information
Technology (IT)
– The term means all devices, networking components,
applications and systems that combined allow people
and organizations to interact in the digital world
• IT is subset of ICT
– IT is an application of computers to store, study,
transmit and manipulate data or information
A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

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What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Produces
Collects data
Processing information
(input)
(output)

Information Processing Cycle

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What Is a Computer?

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The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

Storage Device • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

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The Components of a Computer

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Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

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Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

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System Software

• Operating System
– Main System Software
– Starts up Computer & Control its Operations
– Computer cannot function without Operating System
– Examples: Windows, Mac OS, Linux
• Utility Program
– Analyze, Configure, Optimize and Maintain the Computer
– Examples: Disk Utilities (storage, checkers, backup, file
managers etc), Antivirus

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Application Software

• Performs Specific Tasks, such as;

– Creating Letters
– Preparing budgets
– Managing inventory
– Playing games
– Scheduling appointments
– Editing photographs
– Making travel plans
– Viewing web pages
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Computer Software

• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information

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Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

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Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile
Mobile Device
Computer
Personal computer you Computing device
can carry from place to small enough to hold in
place your hand

Examples include
Examples include smart phones, PDAs,
notebook computers, handheld computers,
laptop computers, and portable media
Tablet PCs players, and digital
cameras

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phone

PDA

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

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Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing device
designed for single-player
or multiplayer video
games
• Examples: Sony PSP (Play
Station Portable),
Nintendo Wii, Sony Play
Station, Microsoft Xbox
360

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Servers

• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

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Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large, expensive,
powerful computer that can handle
hundreds or thousands of connected
users simultaneously
• Commonly used in; Hospitals,
Universities, Large Businesses, Banks,
Government Offices
• Usually operates 24 hours a day
– In day time it servers wide variety of
users
– In night, it commonly performs large
processing tasks (payroll, billing,
backups etc)

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Supercomputers

• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful

and most expensive computer
– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single
second

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Supercomputers

• Used for;
– Sending Astronauts into space
– Controlling Missile Guidance Systems and Satellites
– Forecasting the Weather
– Exploring for Oil
– Scientific Research
– 3D Medical Scans

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Mainframe Computers vs Supercomputers

• Mainframe Computers
– Typically run multiple applications simultaneously to
serve a wide variety of users
• Supercomputers
– Generally run one program at a time, as fast as
possible

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Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

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Embedded Computers

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Examples of Computer Usage

Home User Small Office/Home Mobile User

• Personal financial management Office User • Connect to other computers on
• Web access • Look up information a network or the Internet
• Communications • Send and receive e-mail • Transfer information
• Entertainment messages • Play video games
• Make telephone calls • Listen to music
• Watch movies

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Examples of Computer Usage

Power User Enterprise User

• Work with multimedia • Communicate among
• Use industry-specific employees
software • Process high volumes
of transactions
• Blog

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Computer Applications in Society

Education Science

Finance Publishing

Government Travel

Health Care Manufacturing

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QUESTIONS?

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