Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

SLAB ANALYSIS
 Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

GIVEN:
2. Minimum Slab Thickness
Compressive Strength, f’c = 20.7 Mpa
perimeter 2(2800 mm+3800 mm)
Yield Strength, fy = 228 Mpa MINt = =
Live Load = 2.0 KPa 180 180
= 73.33mm, try 125mm
COMMON DESIGN PARAMETERS:
 To control deflection, 3. Dead Loads
f 'c 20.7 MPa kn
ρ ≤ 0.18( ) = 0.18( )= Slab Weight, 23.6 (0.125m) = 2.95
fy 228 MPa m
Kn
0.0163 Cement Finish, 1.53(1.0m) = 1.53
 Strength Ratio, m
fy 228 MPa kn
m= = = Partition Load 21.2(3) (0.1) = 6.36
0.85 f ' c 0.85(20.7 MPa) m
kn kn kn
12.9582 Total Dead Loads, TDL = 2.95 + 1.53 +6.36
 Required Bending Coefficient, m m m
ρm kn
TDL = 10.84
Ru = ρfy(1- ) =0.0163 (228 MPa)(1-
2 m
0.0163(12.9582)
) 4.Live Load
2 kn kn
Ru = 3.3239 MPa 4.1 LL = 2 (1.0m) = 2.0
m m
SLAB DESIGNATION:
1.Check if One-Way or Two-Way Slab
5. Factored Loads
Clear Span in Short Direction,
kn kn
La = 4m - 0.3m = 3.7m Factored Dead Load, 1.4(10.84 ) = 15.18
m m
Clear Span in Long Direction,
kn kn
Lb = 5.55m – 0.3m = 5.25m Factored Live Load, 1.7(2.0 ) = 3.4
m m
Ratio,
La 3.7 m Total Factored Load,Wu = FLL + FDL
m= = = 0.70 > 0.5 Wu = 15.18 + 3.4
Lb 5.25 m
kn
Wu= 18.58
m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

(-) Moments (+) Moments(DL) (+) Moment (LL) Shear

Ca (-) 0.085 Ca, dl 0.05 Ca, ll 0.062 Wa 0.85

Cb (-) 0.015 Cb, dl 0.009 Ca, ll 0.011 Wb 0.15

6. Compute Moment (Coefficient Method)

2S’-2 Case 4 with m = 0.70 (Two- edge discontinuous)
Short Direction
-Ma = ca,negwuLa² = 0.085(18.58)(3.7)² = 21.616 kN-m
+Ma = ca,posdlwdLa² + ca,posllwlLa²
= 0.05(15.176)(3.7)² + 0.062(3.4)(5.25)² = 13.274 kN-m
Long Direction
-Mb = cb,negwuLb² = 0.015(18.58)(5.25)² = 7.680 Kn-m
+Mb = cb,negdlwdLb² + ca,posllwlLb²
= 0.009(15.176)(5.25)² + 0.011(3.4)(5.25)² = 4.795 kN-m
7. Check Effective Depth for Flexure
Ma 21.616 x 106
Ru = = = 2.451 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (99) ²
Mu 21.616 x 106
 Required effective depth, dr =
ïRub
=
√ 0.9 ( 3.3 33 ) (1000)
= 87.375 mm

 Actual effective depth, dA = 125mm – 20mm – 6mm = 99mm > 87.375mm (OK)
8. Check Effective Depth for Shear
(Coefficient Method)
1 1
 In short direction: Va = CaWuLa = (0.85)(18.58)(3.7)
2 2
= 29.211 kN
1 1
 In long direction: Vb = CbWuLb = (0.15)(18.58)(5.25)
2 2
= 7.31 kN
1 1
 Shear Capacity: ØVc = Ø √ f ' cbd = 0.9( )√ 20.7(1000)(0.099¿ = 67.577 kN
6 6
> 29.211 kN

For –Ma, cont = 21.616 kN-m

Ma 21.616 x 106
 Required moment resistance coefficient, Ru = = = 2.451 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (99) ²
1 2 Rum 1


2 ( 2.451 ) (12.9582) ]
m √
Required steel reinforcement ratio, ρ = [1 – 1−
fy
]=
12.9582
[1-

√ 1−
228
1.4
= 0.01162 > ρmin = = 0.00614 Use 0.01162 (Controls!)
228
 Required steel area
As = ρbd = 0.01162(1000) (99) = 1150.71 mm²
 Required steel area for temperature
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1000)(99) = 200 mm² (Controls!)
 Required spacing of 12 mm Ø bars
π
1000( (12)²)
S= 4 mm say 100 mm
=98.24
1150.71
 Maximum spacing, S
S = 3t = 3(125) = 375 mm

Use 12 mm Ø main bar spcd. @ 150 mm o.c. top bars @ continuous in short direction.

For +Ma, mid = 13.274 kN-m

Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Ma 13.274 x 106
 Required moment resistance coefficient Ru = = = 1.505 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (99) ²
1 2 Rum 1
 Required steel reinforcement ratio ρ = m [1 – 1−
2 ( 1.505 ) (12.9582) ]
fy√ ] = 12.9582 [1-

√
1−
228
1.4
= 0.00692 > ρmin = 228 = 0.00614 ρ=0.00692 (Controls!)
 Required steel area
As = ρbd = 0.00692(1000) (99) = 685.08 mm²
 Required steel area for temperature
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1000)(99) = 200 mm² (Controls!)
 Required spacing of 12 mm Ø bars
π
1000( (12)²)
S= 4 mm say 150 mm
=1 65.00
6 85.08
 Maximum spacing,
S = 3t = 3(125) = 375 mm

Use 12 mm Ø main bar spcd. @ 150mm o.c. bottom bars @ midspan in short direction

1 1
For -Ma, discont = ( + Ma )= (5.779) = 1.926 kN-m
3 3
Ma 1.926 x 106
 Required moment resistance coefficient Ru = = = 0.218 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (99) ²
1 2 Rum 1
 Required steel reinforcement ratio ρ = [1 – 1−

2 ( 0.218 ) (12.9582) ]
m √ fy
]=
12.9582
[1-

√ 1−
228
1.4
= 0.00962 > ρmin = = 0.00614 ρ=0.00962 (Controls!)
228
 Required steel area
As = ρbd = 0.00962(1000) (99) = 952.38 mm²
 Required steel area for temperature
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 mm² (Controls!)
 Required spacing of 12 mm Ø bars
π
1000( (12)²)
S= 4 118.75 mm say 150mm
=¿
952.38
 Maximum spacing
S = 3t = 3(125) = 375 mm

Use 12 mm Ø @ 150mm o.c. bottom bars @ midspan in long direction

For –Mb, discont = 7.680 kN-m

Ma 7.680 x 106
 Required moment resistance coefficient Ru = = = 0.871 MPa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (99) ²
1 2 Rum 1
 Required steel reinforcement ratio ρ = [1 – 1−

2 ( 0.871 ) (12.9582) ]
m √
fy
]=
12.9582
[1-

√
1−
228
1.4
= 0.00392 < ρmin = = 0.00614 4 /3 ρ=0.00523 (Controls!)
228
 Required steel area
As = ρbd = 0.00523(1000) (99) = 517.77 mm²
 Required steel area for temperature
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1000)(99) = 200 mm² (Controls!)
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

 Required spacing of 12 mm Ø bars

π
1000( (12)²)
S= 4 218.43mm say 200 mm
=¿
517.77
 Maximum spacing, s
S = 3t = 3(125) = 375 mm

Use 12 mm Ø @ 200 mm o.c. top bars @ continuous in long direction

For +Mb, mid = 4.795 kN-m

Ma 4.795 x 10 6
 Required moment resistance coefficient Ru = = = 0.704 MPa
Øbd ² 0.90 (1000 ) (87)²
1 2 Rum 1
 Required steel reinforcement ratio ρ = [1 – 1−

2 ( 0. 704 ) (12.9582) ]
m √ fy
]=
12.9582
[1-

√ 1−
228
1.4
= 0.00316 < ρmin = = 0.00614 ρ=0.00421 (Controls!)
228
 Required steel area
As = ρbd = 0.00421(1000) (87) = 366.27 mm²
 Required steel area for temperature
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1000)(99) = 200 mm² (Controls!)
 Required spacing of 12 mm Ø bars
π
1000( (12)²)
S= 4 308.78 mm say 300 mm
=¿
366.27
 Maximum spacing
S = 3t = 3(125) = 375 mm

Use 12 mm Ø @ 300 mm o.c. bottom bars @ midspan in long direction

9. Compute SteelReinforcement
Section Mu (kN-m) Ru (MPa) Required ρ Use ρ As (mm²) S (mm)

-Ma, discont 21.616 2.451 0.01162 0.01162 1150.708 98.24 , say 100

+Ma, mid 13.274 1.505 0.00692 0.00 692 685.08 1 65, say 150

-Ma, discont 6.98 0.473 0.0028 0.00 28 157.62 700 say 300

-Mb, cont 7.680 0.871 0.00392 0.00523 607.86 218.43, say 200

+Mb, mid 4.795 0.704 0.00316 0.00 421 534.18 308.78 say 300

*d = 99 – 12 = 87 mm (long direction steel is placed on top of short direction steel @ midspan )

* Temperature controls, Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002 (1000)(100) = 200 mm²
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

BEAM ANALYSIS

EXTERIOR BEAM

INTERIOR BEAM

INTERIOR BEAM

Transmitted Loads for Interior Beams

(F1B3, F2B3)
La = 3.65
Lb = 3.7
where m = La/ Lb = 0.99
Case 8 Wa = 0.33
Wb = 0.67
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.33/2x 10.84 x 3.65 =6.53 kN/m

Live Load: Wll = 0.33/2x 2 x 3.65 =1.20 kN/m

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.67/2x 10.84 x 3.7 =13.44 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.67/2x 2 x 3.7 =2.48 kN/m

(1S'3-, 2S'-3)
La = 3.65
Lb = 3.7
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

where m = La/ Lb = 0.99

Case 4 Wa = 0.5
Wb = 0.5
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.5/2 x 10.84 x 3.95 =9.89 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.5/2 x 2.0 x 3.95 =1.83 kN/m

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.5/2 x 10.84 x 4 =10.03 kN/m

Live Load: Wll = 0.5/2 x 2.0 x 4 =1.85 kN/m

For F1B4, F2B4

DEAD LOADS
Beam Dimension h= L / 18.5 = 197.30
Assumed beam size = 250x300 mm
Effective Depth, d 300 - 60 - 10 - 8 = 222 mm
Unit Weigt of the chb= = 21.2 Kn/m 3
Beam Weight = (23.6)(0.25)(.3) = 1.77 kN/m
Weight of the wall = (21.2)(.1)(3) = 6.36 kN/m
Slab right dead load = 6.53 kN/m
Slab left dead load = 9.89 kN/m
Total Dead Load = 24.55 kN/m
LIVE LOADS
Beam Live Load = (0.25)(2) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load = 1.20 kN/m
Slab left live load = 1.83 kN/m
Total Live Load = 3.53 kN/m

UNFACTORED LOADS
Dead Load = 24.55 kN/m
Live Load = 3.53 kN/m
Total Unfactored Loads = 28.08 kN/m
FACTORED LOADS
Factored Dead Load =1.4 (DL)=1.4(25.90) = 34.37 kN/m
Factored Live Load =1.7 (LL) =1.7(3.78) = 6.00 kN/m
Total Factored Loads = 40.37 kN/m

COMPUTE MOMENTS (Interior Slab)

Continuous End: -M1 = {40.37 ((3+3)/2)^2}/10 = 53.78 kN.m

Midspan: +M2 = {40.37(3)^2}/14 = 38.42 kN.m

Disontinuous End: -M3 = {40.37((3+3)/2)^2}/16 = 33.61 kN.m

Negative steel at continuous end: - M1 = 53.78 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 53.78 x 106
Ru = = = 4.85 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²
Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r
0.85(20.7) 2(4.85)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
ρmin =0.0061404 ;
]= 0.0255> ρmin
use 0.0255
Required Flexural Steel Area, As
As = rbd = 1414.06 mm^2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(25)^2
Ab = 490.874 mm^2
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Required No. 16mm Bars

N = As/ Ab25 = 2.88 say 3 pcs
THEREFORE: Use 3-16mm∅ top bars at continuous end.

Positive steel at midspan end: +M2 = 38.42 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 38.42 x 106
Ru = = = = 3.46 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²
Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r
0.85(20.7) 2(4.29)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
ρmin =0.0061404
]= 0.027086 > ρmin

Required Flexural Steel Area, As

As = rbd = 979.61mm2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(20)^2
Ab = 314.16mm^2
Required No. 16mm Bars
N = As/ Ab16 = 3.12 say 3 pcs.
THEREFORE: Use 5-16mm∅ top bars at midspan end

Negative steel at discontinuous end: - M3= 33.61 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 33.61 x 106
Ru = = = = 3.03 kN.m
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²

Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r

0.85(20.7) 2(3.03)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
]= 0.014687 > ρmin

Required Flexural Steel Area, As

As = rbd = 815.13 mm^2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(20)^2
Ab = 314.16 mm^2
Required No. 16mm Bars
N = As/Ab20 = 2.59, say 3 pcs.
THERFORE: Use 3-20mm∅ top bars at discontinuous end

Design for shear

Reaction at supports
1.15 wL 1.15 ( 40.37 )( 3.95 )
Interior end: R1= = =91. 69 kN
2 2
wL 1.15 ( 40.37 ) ( 4 )
Exterior end: R2= = =92.85 kN
2 2
Shear at “d” (distance) from face of supports
d=300−( 60+10+ 8 )=222 mm
Vu = R-wd
Vu = 92.85 – (40.37)(0.222)
Vu = 83.89 kN
 
Shear capacity of concrete
1 1
Vc =  √ f ' c bd = 0.85 √ 20.7 (250)(222)
6 6
Vc = 35.77 kN
Vc = 35.77< (Vu = 83.89) ∴ stirrups are necessary
Shear to be carried by reinforcement
Vu 83.89
Vs = - Vc = – 35.77
❑ 0.85
Vs = 62.92 kN
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Verify if the section is adequate to carry the shear:

2/3 √ f ' c bwd = 2/3 √ 20.7(250)(222)
2/3 √ f ' c bwd =168.34 kN
2/3 √ f ' c bwd = 168.34 kN > (Vs = 62.92 kN) (OK!)
Required spacing of stirrups
Av f y d
s= ; Av = /4 (10)2 x 2 = 157.08 mm2
Vs
s=¿ ¿ = 126.36 mm
Maximum spacing
1/3 √ f ' c bwd = 1/3 √ 20.7 (250)(222)
1/3 √ f ' c bwd = 84.17 kN
Since Vs < 1/3 √ f ' c bwd,
smax = d/2 = 222/2 = smax = 111 mm
Use smaller spacing, s = 111 mm say 150 mm

EXTERIOR BEAM

(1S'3-, 2S'-3)
La = 3.7
Lb = 5.25
where m = La/ Lb = 0.70
Case 4 Wa = 0.81
Wb = 0.19
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.81/2x 10.84 x 3.7 =16.24 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.81/2x 2.0 x 3.7 =3.00 kN/m

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.19/2x 10.84 x 5.25 =5.41 kN/m

Live Load: Wll = 0.19/2x 2.0 x 5.25 =1.00 kN/m

For F1B1, F2B1

DEAD LOADS
Beam Dimension h= L / 18.5 = 200.00
Assumed beam size = 250x300 mm
Effective Depth, d 300 - 60 - 10 - 8 = 222 mm
Unit Weigt of the chb= = 21.2 Kn/m
Beam Weight = (23.6)(0.25)(.3) = 1.77 kN/m
Weight of the wall = (21.2)(.1)(3) = 6.36 kN/m
Slab right dead load = 16.24 kN/m
Slab left dead load = 0.00 kN/m
Total Dead Load = 24.37 kN/m
LIVE LOADS
Beam Live Load = (0.25)(2) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load = 3.00 kN/m
Slab left live load = 0.00 kN/m
Total Live Load = 3.50 kN/m

UNFACTORED LOADS
Dead Load = 24.37 kN/m
Live Load = 3.5 kN/m
Total Unfactored Loads = 27.87 kN/m
FACTORED LOADS
Factored Dead Load =1.4 (DL)=1.4(25.69) = 34.12 kN/m
Factored Live Load =1.7 (LL) =1.7(3.74) = 5.94 kN/m
Total Factored Loads = 40.07 kN/m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

COMPUTE MOMENTS (Interior Slab)

Disontinuous End: -M1 = {40.07 (4)^2}/16 = 34.28 kN.m

Midspan: +M2 = {40.07 (4)^2}/14 = 39.18 kN.m

Continuous End: -M3 = {40.07 ((4+4)/2)^2}/10 = 54.85 kN.m

Negative steel at discontinuous end: - M1 = 34.28 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 34.28 x 106
Ru = = = 3.09 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²
Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r
0.85(20.7) 2(3.09)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
ρmin =0.0061404
]= 0.015022 > ρmin

Required Flexural Steel Area, As

As = rbd = 833.73mm^2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(20)^2
Ab = 314.16mm^2
Required No. 16mm Bars
N = As/ Ab20 = 2.65 say 3 pcs
THEREFORE: Use 3-20mm∅ top bars at continuous end.

Negative steel at midspan: + M2 = 39.18 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 39.18 x 106
Ru = = = 3.53 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²
Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r
0.85(20.7) 2(3.53)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
ρmin =0.0061404
]= 0.017476 > ρmin

Required Flexural Steel Area, As

As = rbd = 751.46mm^2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(20)^2
Ab = 314.16mm^2
Required No. 16mm Bars
N = As/ Ab20 = 2.4 say 3 pcs
THEREFORE: Use 3-20mm∅ top bars at continuous end.

Negative steel at continuous end: - M3 = 54.85 kN.m

Required bending coefficient, Ru
Ma 54.85 x 106
Ru = = = 4.85 Mpa
Øbd ² 0.90 ( 250 ) (222) ²
Required Flexural Steel reinforement, r
0.85(20.7) 2(4.85)
ρ=
(228) √
[1 – 1−
0.85(20.7)
ρmin =0.0061404
]= 0.026115 > ρmin

Required Flexural Steel Area, As

As = rbd = 1122.92 mm^2
Area of 16mm bars = (3.1416/4)(25)^2
Ab = 490.87mm^2
Required No. 16mm Bars
N = As/ Ab25 = 2.29 say 3 pcs
THEREFORE: Use 3-25mm∅ top bars at continuous end.

Solve Rmax & Mumax

rmax = 0.75rb = 0.03565
w = Ru(fy)/f'c = 0.3926667
Mumax = 0.85f'cwbd^2(1-0.59w) = 69.25kN-m > 66.6 kN-m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Design for shear

Reaction at supports
1.15 wL 1.15 ( 40.07 )( 3.95 )
Interior end: R1= = =91.00 kN
2 2
wL 1.15 ( 40.07 ) ( 4 )
Exterior end: R2= = =92.16 kN
2 2
Shear at “d” (distance) from face of support d=300−( 60+10+ 8 )=222 mm
Vu = R-wd
Vu = 92.16 – (40.07)(0.222)
Vu = 83.26 kN
Shear capacity of concrete
1 1
Vc =  √ f ' c bd = 0.85 √ 20.7 (250)(222)
6 6
Vc = 35.77 kN
Vc = 35.77< (Vu = 83.26) ∴ stirrups are necessary
Shear to be carried by reinforcement
Vu 83.89
Vs = - Vc = – 35.77
❑ 0.85
Vs = 62.18 kN
Verify if the section is adequate to carry the shear:
2/3 √ f ' c bwd = 2/3 √ 20.7(250)(222)
2/3 √ f ' c bwd =168.34 kN
2/3 √ f ' c bwd = 168.34 kN > (Vs = 62.18 kN) (OK!)
Required spacing of stirrups
Av f y d
s= ; Av = /4 (10)2 x 2 = 157.08 mm2
Vs
s=¿ ¿ = 127.87 mm
Maximum spacing
1/3 √ f ' c bwd = 1/3 √ 20.7 (250)(222)
1/3 √ f ' c bwd = 84.17 kN
Since Vs < 1/3 √ f ' c bwd,
smax = d/2 = 222/2 = smax = 111 mm
Use smaller spacing, s = 111 mm say 150 mm
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Investigation of columns
INTERIOR COLUMN

Load Transmitted to Supporting Beams

(2S'-1, 2S-3) Two-edge discontinuous (Short and Long Direction)

La = 3.65
Lb = 3.7
where m = La/ Lb = 0.99
Case 4 Wa = 0.5
Wb = 0.5
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.5/2 x 10.84 x 3.65 =9.89 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.5/2 x 2.0 x 3.65 =1.83 kN/m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.5/2 x 10.84 x 3.7 =10.03 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.5/2 x 2.0 x 3.7 =1.85 kN/m

(2S’-3)One-edge discontinuous (Long Direction)

La = 3.65
Lb = 3.7
where m = La/ Lb = 0.99
Case 9 Wa = 0.67
Wb = 0.33
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.67/2x 10.84 x 3.65 =13.25 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.67/2x 2.0 x 3.65 =2.45 kN/m

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.33/2x 10.84 x 3.7 =6.62 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.33/2x 2.0 x 3.7 =1.22 kN/m

(2S’-2)Two-edge discontinuous (Short and Long Direction)

La = 3.7
Lb = 5.25
where m = La/ Lb = 0.7
Case 4 Wa = 0.81
Wb = 0.19
Dl = 10.84
Ll = 2.0
Short Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.81/2x 10.84 x 3.7 =16.24 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.81/2x 2.0 x 3.7 =3.00 kN/m

Long Direction
Dead Load: Wdl = 0.19/2x 10.84 x 5.25 =5.41 kN/m
Live Load: Wll = 0.19/2x 2.0 x 5.25 =1.00 kN/m

COLUMN LOADS BEING TRANSFERED

COLUMN 2FC1, 2FFC2 F2B4, F2B1 (2), F2B3, F1B4 (2), F1B3

From Roof Deck to 2nd Floor

 FOR F2B4
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S’-2) = 16.24kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 16.24kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+16.24 (2) = 34.25kN/m
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-2) = 3.00kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2) = 3.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 3.00 (2)= 6.5kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(34.25) + 1.7(6.5) = 59kN/m
1.15 w L n 1.15 ( 59 )( 5.55 )
R @ F 2 B 4= = =188.28 kN
2 2
 FOR F2B1(2)
 
Dead loads:
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m

Slab right dead load(2S’-2) = 9.89kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S-3)= 5.41kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+ 9.89 + 5.41 = 17.07 kN/m
 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-2) = 1.83kN/m
Slab left live load (2S-3) = 1.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.83+1.00= 3.33kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(17.07) + 1.7(3.33) = 29.56kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 29.56 )( 4 )
R @ F 2 B1= = =67.99 kN
2 2
 FOR F2B3
 
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S-3) = 10.03kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S-3)= 10.03kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77 + 10.03 + 10.03 = 21.83 kN/m
 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S-3) = 1.85 kN/m
Slab left live load (2S-3) = 1.85 kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.85 + 1.85 = 4.2kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(21.83) + 1.7(4.2) = 37.702 kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 3 7.702 )( 3.95 )
R @ F 2 B3= = =85.63 kN
2 2
 
2FC2
Column Dead Load = 23.6(0.30)(0.30) = 2.124(3)(1.4) = 8.92Kn

From 2nd Floor to Footing

 
FOR F1B4
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S’-2) = 16.24kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 16.24kN/m
Weight of concrete wall= (0.1)(3)(23.6)= 6.36 kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+16.24 (2) + 6.36 = 40.61 kN/m
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-2) = 3.00kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2) = 3.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 3.00 (2)= 6.5kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(40.61) + 1.7(6.5) = 67.904kN/m
1.15 w L n 1.15 ( 67.90 4 )( 5.55 )
R @ F 2 B 4= = =216.7 kN
2 2
 FOR F1B1-1
 
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S’-1) = 9.89kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 5.41kN/m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Total dead load = 1.77+ 9.89 + 5.41 = 17.07 kN/m

 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-1) = 1.83kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2) = 1.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.83+1.00= 3.33kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(17.07) + 1.7(3.33) = 29.56kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 29.56 )( 4 )
R @ F 2 B1= = =67.99 kN
2 2
 FOR F1B3
 
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S’-1) = 10.03kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-3)= 6.62kN/m
Weight of concrete wall= (0.1)(3)(23.6)= 6.36 kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77 +6.62 +10.07 +6.36 = 24.82kN/m
 
 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-3) = 1.85kN/m
Slab left live load (2S-3) = 1.22kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.22+1.85= 3.57 kN/m
 
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(24.82) + 1.7(3.57) = 40.82kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 4 0.82 )( 3.95 )
R @ F 1 B 3= = =92.71 kN
2 2
 
 FOR F1B1-1
 
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load(2S’-3) = 9.89kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 5.41kN/m
Weight of concrete wall= (0.1)(3)(23.6)= 6.36 kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+ 9.89 + 5.41 + 6.36 = 23.43 kN/m
 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-3) = 1.83kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2) = 1.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.83+1.00= 3.33kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(23.43) + 1.7(3.33) = 38.46kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 38.46 ) ( 4 )
R @ F 2 B1= = =88.46 kN
2 2
2FC1
Column Dead Load = 23.6(0.30)(0.30) = 2.124(4.5)(1.4) = 13.38kN

Puexternal = 188.28 + 67.92(2)+ 85.63 + 8.92+ 216.7 + 67.99 + 92.71 + 88.46 + 13.38
= 898.05 kN
Gross Area = 300 x 300 = 90000 mm2
Assume Ast= 0.02 Ag = 0.02x90000 mm2 = 1800mm2
Number of Steel Bars, N;
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

A st
N=
1800
A¯¿ = =8 . 15 say 8−16 mm ∅ bars ¿
π 2
( 16 )
4
Φ = 0.7
Puinternal= 0.7(0.8)[(0.85)(20.7) ( Ag – Ast) +fy Ast)]
Puinternal = 1098.988 kN> 898.05 kN SAFE!
 
Therefore, use 300mm x 300mm column w/ 8-16mm bars.
SPACING OF TIES:
16 x db = 16(16) = 256mm say 250mm
48 x tie diameter = 48(10) = 480mm
Least dimension of column = 300mm

Therefore, use 300mm x 300mm column w/ 8-16mm bars.

Use 10mm diameter ties spaced @ 0.25m O.C.

EXTERIOR COLUMN

COLUMN LOADS BEING TRANSFERED

COLUMN 1FC1, 2FC1 F2B4, F2B1, F1B1, F1B4

Column from Roof Deck to 2nd Floor

FOR F2B1
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load (2S’-2)= 5.41kN/m
Slab left dead load= 0kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77 + 5.41 = 7.41kN/m
Live loads:
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m

Slab right live load (2S’-2)= 1.00kN/m
Slab left live load = 0kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.0= 1.5kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(7.41) + 1.7(1.5) = 13.12kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 13.12 )( 4 )
R @ F 2 B1= = =30 .176 kN
2 2
FOR F2B4
 
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load = 0kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 16.24kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+16.24 = 18.01 kN/m
 
Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load = 0kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2)= 3.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 3.00 = 3.5 kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(18.01) + 1.7(3.5) = 31.16kN/m
1.15 w L n 1.15 ( 31.16 )( 5.55 )
R @ F 2 B 4= = =9 9.44 kN
2 2
2F1-C1
Column Dead Load = 23.6(0.250)(0.250) = 1.475(3)(1.4) = 6.195kN

From 2nd floor to Footing

 
FOR F1B4
Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load (2S’-2)= 5.41kN/m
Slab left dead load= 0kN/m
Weight of concrete wall= (0.1)(3)(23.6)= 6.36 kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77 + 5.41 + 6.36 = 13.77kN/m
 Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load (2S’-2)= 1.00kN/m
Slab left live load = 0kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 1.0= 1.5kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(13.77) + 1.7(1.5) = 21.83kN/m
1.15 w Ln 1.15 ( 21.83 )( 4 )
R @ F 2 B1= = =50 . 21 kN
2 2
FOR F1B1
 Dead loads:
Beam weight = 23.6(.250)(.300) = 1.77kN/m
Slab right dead load = 0kN/m
Slab left dead load (2S’-2)= 16.24kN/m
Weight of concrete wall= (0.1)(3)(23.6)= 6.36 kN/m
Total dead load = 1.77+16.24 +6.36 = 24.37 kN/m
 Live loads:
Beam live load = 0.25(2.0) = 0.5 kN/m
Slab right live load = 0kN/m
Slab left live load (2S’-2)= 3.00kN/m
Total live load = 0.5 + 3.00 = 3.5 kN/m
 
Total Factored Load = 1.4(24.37) + 1.7(3.5) = 40.07kN/m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

1.15 w L n 1.15 ( 40.07 )( 5.55 )

R @ F 2 B 4= = =127.87 kN
2 2
2F1-C1
Column Dead Load = 23.6(0.30)(0.30) = 1.475(3)(1.4) = 9.29kN

Puexternal = 30.176 + 99.44 + 6.195 + 50.21 + 127. 87 + 9.29 = 323.181 kN

Gross Area = 300 x 300 = 90000 mm2
Assume Ast= 0.02 Ag = 0.02x90000 mm2 = 1800mm2
Number of Steel Bars, N;
A st
N=
1800
A¯¿ = =8 . 15 say 8−16 mm ∅ bars ¿
π 2
( 16 )
4
Φ = 0.7
Puinternal= 0.7(0.8)[(0.85)(20.7) ( Ag – Ast) +fy Ast)]
Puinternal = 1098.988 kN> 323.181 kN SAFE!
 
Therefore, use 300mm x 300mm column w/ 8-16mm bars.
SPACING OF TIES:
16 x db = 16(16) = 256mm say 250mm
48 x tie diameter = 48(10) = 480mm
Least dimension of column = 300mm

Therefore, use 300mm x 300mm column w/ 8-16mm bars.

Use 10mm diameter ties spaced @ 0.25m O.C.

Design of Footing
INTERIOR FOOTING

1. Reaction transferred to footing:

Punfactored = 628.59 kN
Pfactored = 898.05 kN
Initial estimate of footing depth:
P unfactored 628.59 kN
Aftg = L2 = =¿ =2.7 m2 , say L = 1.6m =
qa 233 kPa
1600 mm
Depth = 20%(L)+75
= 0.20(1600) + 75 = 395 mm say 400 mm
2. Effective soil bearing capacity, qe = qa - yh
Allowable soil pressure, qa = 233 kPa
qe = qa – γc(D) - γsoil (Df - D)
qe = 233 – 23.6(0.40) – 15.6 (1.5 – 0.40)
qe = 206.4 kPa

3. Dimensions of footing γ
concrete = 23. 6
P unfactored 628.29
Aftg =
qa
=
206.4
=3.04 m2 = L2 kN/m3
L = 1.7 m γsoil = 15.6 kN/m3
Footing dimension = 1.7m x 1.7m = 1700mm x 1700
mm
4. Depth of footing
P 898.05
qu = factored = = 310.74 kPa
A ftg 1.7 x 1.7
5. Based on wide-beam shear
Vu = (qu) (Ashaded)
= 0.31074[1700(700-d)]
= 528.26(700-d)
Vc=16 f'cbwd
= 1620.71800d
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

= 1364.92d
Vu = ∅ Vc;
528.26 (700-d) = (0.85)[1364.92d]
d = 219.01 mm, say 250mm
6. Based on two-way or punching shear
Vu = (qu) (Ashaded)
= (0.3107)[17002 – (300+d)2]
1
Vc ¿ √ f ' c bo d
3
b o= 4(300+d)
 
1
Vc¿ √ 20.7[4 (300+ d ) ](d )
3
Vc = 6.07(300d+d2)
[Vu = Vc]
(0.31074)[17002 – (300+d)2]= 6.07(300d+d2)
d= 244.07 mm say 250 mm
 
Total depth of footing = 250 + 8+16 + 75
=349 mm < 400 mm OK!
 
7. Required steel area
d= 400 mm
 
Mu = (310.74)(0.75)(1.7)(0.75/2)
=148.57 kN-m
Mu = ∅Rubd2
148.57 x 106 = 0.9 Ru(1700)(400)2
Ru = 0.6069 MPa
0.85 f ' c
ρ=
fy [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c ] ¿
228 [ √
0.85 (20.7 )
1− 1−
2 ( 0.6069 )
0.85 ( 20.7 ) ]
¿0.0027094< ¿= 0.00614)

( 4/3) ρ=¿ 0.00361253

As= ρbd
= (0.00614) (1700) (400)
2
As = 4175.2mm

As 4175.2
N= = =13.29 say 14 – 20 mm bars
Number of 16-mm bars: Ab π (2 0 )2
4

8. Development length:

0.02 A b fy
Ldb = = 0.02 ¿ ¿=314.87 mm
√f ' c
or ldb= 0.06dbfy = (0.06)(20)(228) = 273.6 mm
Use ldb = 314.87 mm
Furnished Ld = 1250 – 75 = 1175 mm > 314.87 mm OK!
Verify if dowels or column bars extension are necessary:
Actual Bearing capacity = Pu = Pfactored = 898.05 kN
Permissible bearing stress:
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =0.7 ( 0.85 ) ( 20.7 ) (300 × 300 )
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =1008485
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =¿1008.485 kN
A2
But this may be multiplied by

A1 = 0.3 x 0.3 = 0.09m2

√ A1
≤2

A2 = 1.7x 1.7 = 2.89m2

Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

A2 2.89
√ √
A1
=
0.09
= 5.67 > 2 , use 2

Permissible bearing stress = 1008.485(2)

= 2016.97 kN > Pu = 898.05 kN (no need)
 
Minimum area of dowel or extension bar required by the Code:
Area = 0.005(300 x 300) = 450mm2
At least 3 column bars (16mm) must be extended into the footing.
 
Use 1.7 m by 1.7 m by 400 mm with 14– 20mm diameter bar both ways,
and at least three column bars (16mm as given) must be extended into the footing.
(Section 5.15.8.2.1 and Section 5.15.8.2.3)

EXTERIOR FOOTING

1. Reaction transferred to footing:

Punfactored = 228.68 kN
Pfactored = 323.18 kN
Initial estimate of footing depth:
P unfactored 228.68 kN
Aftg = L2 = =¿ =0.98 m2 , say L = 0.99m = 1000 mm
qa 233 kPa
Depth = 20%(L)+75
= 0.20(1000) + 75 = 275 mm say 300 mm

2. Effective soil bearing capacity, qe = qa - yh

Allowable soil pressure, qa = 233 kPa
qe = qa – γc(D) - γsoil (Df - D)
qe = 233 – 23.6(0.30) – 15.6 (1.5 – 0.30)
qe = 207.2 kPa

3. Dimensions of footing
P unfactored 228.68
Aftg = = =1.1 m2 = L2
qa 207.2
L = 1.05 m, say 1.1m
Footing dimension = 1.1m x 1.1m = 1100mm x 1100 mm

4. Depth of footing
P 323.18
qu = factored = = 267.09 kPa
A ftg 1.1 x 1.1

5. Based on wide-beam shear

Vu = (qu) (Ashaded)
= 0.26709[1100(375-d)]
= 293.799(375-d)
Vc=16 f'cbwd
= 1620.71800d
= 1364.92d
Vu = ∅ Vc;
293.799(375-d) = (0.85)[1364.92d]
d = 75.77 mm, say 130mm

6. Based on two-way or punching shear

Vu = (qu) (Ashaded)
= (0.26709)[11002 – (250+d)2]
1
Vc ¿ √ f ' c bo d
3
b o= 4(250+d)
 
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

1
Vc¿ √ 20.7[4 ( 250+ d ) ](d )
3
Vc = 6.07(250d+d2)
 
[Vu = Vc]
(0.26709)[11002 – (250+d)2]= 6.07(250d+d2)
d= 125.34 mm say 130 mm
 
Total depth of footing = 130 + 8+16 + 75
=229 mm < 300 mm OK!
 
7. Required steel area
d= 300 mm
 
Mu = (267.09)(0.75)(1.1)(0.75/2)
=82.63 kN-m
Mu = ∅Rubd2
82.63 x 106 = 0.9 Ru(1100)(300)2
Ru = 0.9274 MPa
0.85 f ' c
ρ=
fy [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru
'
0.85 f c
=
0.85 ( 20.7 )
228] 1− 1− [ √
2 ( 0.9274 )
0.85 ( 20.7 ) ]
¿0.004181< ¿= 0.00614)
As= ρbd
= (0.00614) (1700) (400)
2
As = 4175.2mm

As 4175.2
N= = =13.29 say 14 – 20 mm bars
Number of 16-mm bars: Ab π (2 0 )2
4

8. Development length:
0.02 A b fy
Ldb = = 0.02 ¿ ¿=201.52 mm
√f ' c
or ldb= 0.06dbfy = (0.06)(16)(228) = 218.88 mm
Use ldb = 218.88 mm
Furnished Ld = 780 – 75 = 705 mm > 218.88 mm OK!
 
Verify if dowels or column bars extension are necessary:
Actual Bearing capacity = Pu = Pfactored = 323.18 kN
 
Permissible bearing stress:
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =0.7 ( 0.85 ) ( 20.7 ) ( 250× 250 )
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =769781.25
∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 =769.78 kN

A2
But this may be multiplied by

A1 = 0.25 x 0.25 = 0.0625m 2

√ A1
≤2

A2 = 1.1x 1.1 = 1.21m2

A2 1.21
√ √
A1
=
0.0625
= 4.4 > 2 , use 2

Permissible bearing stress = 769.78(2)

= 1539.56 kN > Pu = 323.18 kN (no need)
 
Minimum area of dowel or extension bar required by the Code:
Area = 0.005(250 x 250) = 312.5mm2
At least 3 column bars (16mm) must be extended into the footing.
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

 
Use 1.1 m by 1.1 m by 300 mm with 10– 16mm diameter bar both ways,
and at least three column bars (16mm as given) must be extended into the footing.
(Section 5.15.8.2.1 and Section 5.15.8.2.3)
 

Design of Stairs
1. Dimensions
Width of Stair = 1.2 m
Horizontal clear span = 2.1 + 0.9 – 0.25 = 2.75 m
−1 0.20
Angle, θ=tan ( )0.30
=33.69 °
Distance
0.20
x = sin (33.69)( )0.30
= 0.83 m
y = 2.75 tan (33.69) = 1.8 m
L 228 2750 228
Trial thickness, t = (
24
0.4 + )
700
= (
24
0.4+ )
700
= 83.15 mm say 90 mm
Average thickness, tave = 0.09 + 0.83 = 0.92 m
Inclined distance, S = √ 2.7 52 +1. 82 = 3.287 m
Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

2. Service loads
Dead Load
1
Weight of steps = 23.6
2 [ ]
( 0.3 ) ( 0.2 ) (1.2 ) × 7 steps=5.95 kN ÷3.287=1.81 kN /m
Weight of stair slab = 23.6 (0.92) (0.09) (3.287)÷ 2.1 = 3.06 kN/m
Total Dead Load = 4.87 kN
Live Load
= 2(1.2) = 2.4 kN/m
 
3. Factored loads
Factored dead load = 1.4 (4.87) = 6.82 kN/m
Factored live load = 1.7 (2.4) = 4.08 kN/m
Total factored load = 10.9 kN/m
 
4. Compute Moments
1 2 1 2
@ Continuous end (upper): - M 1= wL = ( 10.9 ) ( 2.75 ) =8.24 kN−m
10 10
1 2 1 2
@ Midspan: + M 2= wL = ( 10.9 )( 2.75 ) =7.493.501 kN −m
11 11
1 2 1 2
@ Continuous end (lower): - M 1= wL = ( 10.9 ) ( 2.75 ) =3.43 kN −m
24 24
 
5. Check effective depth for flexure
Mu 8.24 x 10 6
Required effective depth, d =
√
∅ Ru b √
=
0.9(3.324)(1200)
Actual effective depth, d = 90 – 20 – 8 = 62 mm > 52.48 mm
=52.48 mm

OK!
 
6. Check effective depth for shear (NSCP Section 408.4.3)
1.15 1.15
@ Continuous end (upper): Vu = wL= ( 10.9 ) ( 2.75 )=17.24 kN
2 2
1 ' 1
Shear capacity: ∅ V c =∅ √ f c bd=0.85 √20.7 ( 1200 )( 62 )
6 6
¿ 39.96 kN >(2 V u=34.38) OK!

7. Negative steel @ continuous end: ): - M 1=8.24 kN−m

Mu 8.24 x 106
Required bending coefficient, Ru= = =2.38MPa
∅ b d 2 0.9(1200) ( 62 )2
Required flexural steel reinforcement ratio, ρ

ρ=0.85
f'c
fy [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c ]
= 0.85
20.7
228 [ √
1− 1−
2(2.38)
0.85(20.7) ]
ρ= 0.011 < (ρmin=0.00614) (Use ρ= 0.011)
Required flexural steel area, As = ρbd=0.011 ( 1200 ) ( 62 )=682 mm2
Check temperature requirement (NSCP Section 407.13.2.1)
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1200)(90) = 216 mm2

Select size and spacing of rebars

 Gato, Jocelyn BSCE-IVB |

π (16)2
For 16mm ∅ bars : Ab= =201mm 2
4
1200 A b 1200 ( 201 )
Required spacing: s = = =294.72 mm
As 682
Maximum spacing, smax = 3t = 3(90) = 270mm say 250 mm
Therefore, use 16 mm∅ bar spcd. @ 0.25 m o.c. top bars at continuous end.

8. Positivetive steel @ Midspan: ): + M 2=7.49 kN −m

Mu 7.49 x 106
R
Required bending coefficient, u = = =2.16 MPa
∅ b d 2 0.9(1200) ( 62 )2
Required flexural steel reinforcement ratio, ρ

ρ=0.85
f'c
fy [ √
1− 1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c ]
= 0.85
20.7
228 [ √
1− 1−
2(2.16)
0.85(20.7) ]
ρ= 0.0101 < (ρmin=0.00614) (Use ρ= 0.0101)
Required flexural steel area, As = ρbd=0.0101 ( 1200 ) (62 )=626.2 mm2
Check temperature requirement (NSCP Section 407.13.2.1)
Ast = 0.002bt = 0.002(1200)(90) = 216 mm2

Select size and spacing of rebars

π (16)2
For 16mm ∅ bars : Ab= =201mm 2
4
1200 A b 1200 ( 201 )
Required spacing: s = = =385 mm
As 626.2
Maximum spacing, smax = 3t = 3(90) = 270mm say 250 mm
Therefore, use 16 mm∅ bar spcd. @ 0.25 m o.c. top bars at continuous end.

9. Negative steel @ Continuous end (lower): - M 3= 3.43 kN −m

Since this moment is less than that of the previous computed moments, then, the same
requirement will control.
 
Therefore, use 16mm∅ bar spcd. @ 0.25m o.c. top bars at continuous end.
Select size and spacing of temperature bars:
π (10)2
Using 10 mm ∅bars: : Ab= =78.5 mm2
4
1200 A b 900(78.5)
Required spacing: s = = =436.11mm say 400 mm
As 216
Maximum spacing, s = 5t = 5(90) = 450 mm
 
Therefore, use 10mm∅ bar spcd. @ 0.40 m o.c. temperature bars.

10. Schedule of stairs

  DIMENSIONS BAR SIZE SPACINGS
  Width Clear Ris Run Angl Thicknes Incline Cont. Mid Cont. Cont. Mid Cont.
Mai Span e e s d Dist. end span end end span end
n
(m) (m) (m) (m) () (mm) (m) (upper (mm) (lower (upper (mm) (lower,
Stair
, mm) , mm) , mm) mm)
1.2 2.75 0.2 0.3 33.69 90 3.287 16 16 16 250 250 400