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Assignment 2 PDF

This document analyzes and summarizes the lighting system in the author's student apartment. [1] The apartment contains 11 rooms across 100 square meters and uses mostly LED lights, though the models vary between rooms. [2] Many lights cannot be dimmed and some have improper brightness, while corridor lights waste energy by staying on all night. [3] Suggestions include replacing lights with dimmable models, adjusting brightness levels, relocating some lights, and adding automatic controls to save energy.

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阿黑先生
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79 views

Assignment 2 PDF

This document analyzes and summarizes the lighting system in the author's student apartment. [1] The apartment contains 11 rooms across 100 square meters and uses mostly LED lights, though the models vary between rooms. [2] Many lights cannot be dimmed and some have improper brightness, while corridor lights waste energy by staying on all night. [3] Suggestions include replacing lights with dimmable models, adjusting brightness levels, relocating some lights, and adding automatic controls to save energy.

Uploaded by

阿黑先生
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CA 4718

Power Electronics and Lighting Controls

Assignment 2:

Lighting System Analysis

ZHANG Yuyang
54780515
2020.4.26

1
Ⅰ. Introduction on the lighting system chosen

The system for inspection and analysis for this second assignment is a student
apartment on Cornwall Street, Kowloon Tang, which is actually the apartment I am
currently living in and is very close to the university campus. So, it is understandable
that the lighting and lighting control system is quite simple for this case but there are
still many aspects of the system to be improved.

A simple introduction on the apartment will also be conducted in this section. For
this apartment unit, 3 bathrooms, 1 kitchen, 1 laundry room, 2 living rooms and 8
bedrooms are contained in the area of around 100 m2. It could be described as quite
crowded as averagely speaking, for each room the area is around 7 m2. Therefore, for
each compartment, generally only one lamp is arranged. A relatively detailed analysis
of lighting and control system of the case will be shown in part Ⅱ.

Ⅱ. Analysis of system

i. Lamps
It is out of question that all lamps arranged in this case are everyday lamps but no
arc lamps, for the limitation of room size results in no requirement on lamps with extra-
high power. Lamps for our apartment are selected and purchased be the landlord lady
with reference to the uses and sizes of each compartments, trying to find a balance
between economic consideration and comfortable lighting condition for each place. The
lamp type of lamps are almost all LED lights, however, for many reasons, lamps with
different models are installed, some examples will be given in the follow, and their
merits as well as lacks will be analyzed briefly.

Starting with the lights used in


bedrooms. Several models of lamps are
used in different bedrooms. The models
can be separated into 2 types. The first type
of lamp for bedrooms are without housing
(cover), like the one shown in the right.
This model of LED lamp are relatively
novel in terms of design, and the existence
of housing on it does not matter a lot, for
the luminous flux emitted by it will not be
delivered downwards straightly with upper cover with high reflectance, but almost half
of its flux are scattered by the ceiling which is covered with wall paint. And the design
makes its luminous flux relatively low, so it will not cause discomfort when stare at it
with naked eyes. This model of LED lamp applied owns another merit which is actually
related to dimmer things. Upon each turn on and off time, the light intensity as well as
light color will change from strong to weak in sequence and with a period of 4 times.
The situation shown in the figure above is the 2nd weak mode. This dimmer way’s
2
relation with conventional dimmer way is like the relation between digital and analog
signals, but there are 4 modes for this dimmer method. This method will also be
mentioned in next subsection.

Continuing on lamps in bedrooms. The lamp


introduced in last paragraph is typical for larger
bedrooms. Some of the bedrooms in our
apartment are smaller in size and the figures in
the left show two typical models of LED lamps
installed in this kind of bedroom. The upper lamp
is smaller in size but is macroscopically larger in
luminous intesity. It is quite clear that this lamp
is too intense to look at directly. The lower one
is just opposite. It is too dark for many activities,
including reading and writing on paper. These
two models can represent for all other lamps for
bedrooms in our apartment other than the one
mentioned in last paragraph, the lighting
intensity and color cannot be modified, or
dimmed, for design flaws of them. It could also
reflect that the choice of lamps for rooms should
be with suggestions from professionals or just by
them. From a simple interview with my friends living in rooms with these kinds of
lamps, they really complaint a lot on the lack of adjustment function of their room lamps.

There is a corridor. An LED wall lamp is


installed in the corridor, however in my opinion,
the luminous intensity and its installation height
show a exterme inconfromity. As it is already too
bright itself, the insuitable installation height of it
make it inevitable to look at it directly when one
passes the corridor. Also, though the switch, which
can be observed in the figure near the door frame,
is very easy to approach and operate, this lamp is
always kept open all night, which is a serve waste
of electrical energy.

3
In the right are the lamps for two living rooms.
The upper one is for the smaller living room
connected to the entrance door of the apartment.
As for that compartment, lighting condition
shows a low importance as none of us will stay
for a long time doing thing with requirements on
lighting conditions, a lamp with weak luminous
intensity but great aesthetic value are chosen.
The lower one in for the larger living room with
a dining-table, and is the place where we hold
some activities like board games and dining
together. This LED lamp is quite advanced, it
contains a fan on it (in the picture the fan is off
and restrained one the upper cover by itself), and
either the fan and lamp can be controlled by a
remote with many modes, including change in
fan speed, lighting color, intensity and so on.

The left model of LED lamp is the model


installed in the laundry room and bathrooms.
This model also cannot be dimmed, which is the
main drawback of them. However, this model
of lamp are easy to change their bulbs once the
bulb does not work, which could be a merit of
them as for bathroom, the humidity is relative
high which means the life of lamp could be
obviously influenced. Also, without buffer of
lamp housings, looking direct to it could really hurt one’s eyes.

All in all, almost all lamps in our apartment are LED lamps. However, though they
might be quite economic, the multi-function of them are very limited, for example,
many of them are not able to dim, and there is no automatic control system, which will
be mentioned later.

ii. Switch and dimmer


Except the one which could be controlled by a
designed remote in the living room, all lamps could
only be controlled by a traditional switch, with two
situations – on and off – and most of them are with
only one lighting mode. This limits the lighting
scenes in some compartment, lowering the flexibility
of indoor lighting system. But anyway, it indeed
lowers the difficulty to control the system. However,
the locations of switches are quite reasonable, closer to corresponding lamps as possible
4
and no overlapping between different compartment.

As mentioned, only two lamp models are capable of being dimmed – one in a living
room and one in a bedroom. One with control from a remote, one with turn on and off
the light repeatedly. This also limits the lighting environment quantity created by the
system.

iii. Control system


The control system of this lighting system could be
concluded as a small multi-channel control system with
distribution boards. The distribution boards are
installed in the laundry room to avoid influences on
aesthetic condition in other rooms and is easy to
approach for emergency situation as the space of
laundry room is quite large relatively. This system owns
a merit that it could be hard for each channel to overlap, and the issues in circuit could
be easier to trace.

v. Analysis on drawbacks
Firstly, many of the lamps are not dimmable, which limit the variability of indoor
lighting environment. Secondly, some undimmable lamps are with improper luminous
intensity, which means the indoor lighting is too bright or dark, influencing occupants’
activities. Thirdly, some have an improper installation height, causing discomfort while
walking pass the lamps. Furthermore, the lack of automatic control methods of living
rooms and corridor lamps can result in considerable energy waste.

Ⅲ. Possible improvement suggestions

The suggestions will focus on the drawbacks concluded above. First suggestion
would be replacing the simple lamps with some capable of being dimmed. Second is
replace the lamps with improper luminous intensity with some suitable ones. The third
suggestion would be to relocate some lamps, for example the lamp in the corridor could
be installed on the ceiling, which can really reduce its damage on eyes of occupants
walking passing it. Moreover, it is also suggested to install automatic control system
for corridor lamps, for example motion or heat sensors, for energy saving
considerations.

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