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Chapter03 PDF

This chapter discusses void functions in C++. It explains that void functions do not return a value and are often used to display information or perform tasks without returning a value. The chapter covers creating void functions, and passing variables to functions by value and by reference. It emphasizes that passing by reference allows the receiving function to modify the variable, unlike passing by value. The chapter concludes with examples of using void functions in a C++ program.

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100 views26 pages

Chapter03 PDF

This chapter discusses void functions in C++. It explains that void functions do not return a value and are often used to display information or perform tasks without returning a value. The chapter covers creating void functions, and passing variables to functions by value and by reference. It emphasizes that passing by reference allows the receiving function to modify the variable, unlike passing by value. The chapter concludes with examples of using void functions in a C++ program.

Uploaded by

Antony
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

An Introduction to

Programming with C++


Fifth Edition

Chapter 10
Void Functions
Objectives

• Create a function that does not return a value


• Invoke a function that does not return a value
• Pass information, by reference, to a function
• Use void functions in a .NET C++ program

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 2


Concept Lesson

• More About Functions


• Creating Void Functions
• Passing Variables to a Function
• Passing Variables By Value and By Reference

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 3


More About Functions

• Use functions to avoid duplicating code


– They also allow large and complex programs to be
broken into small and manageable tasks
• main() is typically responsible for invoking each of
the other functions when needed
– Program-defined functions streamline main()
• Functions can be:
– Value-returning
– Void

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 4


Creating Void Functions

• Void functions do not return a value after


completing their assigned tasks
– E.g., to display information (such as a title and
column headings) at the top of each page in a report
• Avoids repeating code several times in program

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 5


Creating Void Functions (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 6


Passing Variables to a Function

• A variable has both a value and a unique address


(memory location)
• You can pass either the variable’s value or its
address to the receiving function
– Pass by value
– Pass by reference

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 7


Passing Variables By Value

• In a pass by value, the computer passes the


contents of the variable to the receiving function
– Receiving function is not given access to the
variable in memory
• It cannot change value stored inside variable
• By default, variables are passed by value in C++

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 8


Passing Variables By Value
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 9


Passing Variables By Value
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 10


Passing Variables By Value
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 11


Passing Variables By Value
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 12


Passing Variables By Value
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 13


Passing Variables By Reference

• Passing a variable’s address is referred to as


passing by reference
– Receiving function has access to passed variable
– Use when you want receiving function to change
contents of variable
• To pass a variable by reference in C++
– Include an & before the name of the corresponding
formal parameter in receiving function’s header
• Called the address-of operator

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 14


Passing Variables By Reference
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 15


Passing Variables By Reference
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 16


Passing Variables By Reference
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 17


Passing Variables By Reference
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 18


Passing Variables By Reference
(continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 19


Passing Variables By Value and
By Reference
• You can mix the way variables are passed when a
function is called, passing some by reference and
others by value
• Program in Figure 10-15 allows user to enter an
employee’s current salary and raise rate
– It then calculates and displays the employee’s raise
and new salary amounts

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 20


Passing Variables By Value and
By Reference (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 21


Passing Variables By Value and
By Reference (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 22


Passing Variables By Value and
By Reference (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 23


Passing Variables By Value and By
Reference (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 24


Summary
• Functions can be:
– Value-returning
– Void
• Function header begins with void
• Pass by value: value stored inside variable is passed
to receiving function
• Pass by reference: variable’s address in memory is
passed to receiving function
– Receiving function can change variable’s contents
– Use & before corresponding formal parameter

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 25


Application Lesson: Using Void
Functions in a C++ Program
• Lab 10.1: Stop and Analyze
• Lab 10.2
– Create program to calculate customer’s water bill
• Lab 10.3
– Modified program will use two void functions (rather
than one void function) to calculate the number of
gallons used and the water charge
• Lab 10.4: Desk-Check Lab
• Lab 10.5: Debugging Lab

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 26

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