 TL431

PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE REFERENCE

. ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE :

.. 2.5 to 36V
SINK CURRENT CAPABILITY : 1 to 100mA

. TYPICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE : 0.22Ω

1% AND 2% VOLTAGE PRECISION
Z
TO92
(Plastic Package)

N
DIP8
(Plastic Package)

DESCRIPTION D
SO8
The TL431 is a programmable shunt voltage refer-
(Batwing Plastic Micropackage)
ence with guaranteed temperature stability over
the entire temperature range of operation.
The output voltage may be set to any value be- ORDER CODES
tween Vref (approximately 2.5V) and 36V with two
external resistors. Package
Part number Temperature Range
The TL431 operates with a wide current range from Z N D
1 to 100mA with a typical dynamic impedance of TL431C/AC 0oC, +70oC • • •
0.22Ω. TL431I/AI -40oC, +105oC • • •

PIN CONNECTIONS

TO92 DIP8 SO8

(Top view) (Top view) (Top view)
8 7 6 5 8 7 6 5
Cathode Anode Refere nce 1 - Cathode 1 - Cathode
1 2 3
2 - N.C. 2 - Anode
3 - N.C. 3 - Anode
4 - N.C. 4 - N.C.
5 - N.C. 5 - N.C.
6 - Anode 6 - Anode
7 - N.C. 7 - Anode
8 - Reference 8 - Reference
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

November 1998 1/9

TL431

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to Anode Voltage 37 V
IK Continuous Cathode Current Range -100 to +150 mA
Iref Reference Input Current Range -0.05 to +10 mA
o
Toper Operating Free-air Temperature Range TL431C/AC 0 to +70 C
TL431I/AI -40 to +105
o
Tstg Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 C

OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to Anode Voltage Vref to 36 V
IK Cathode Current 1 to 100 mA

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 25oC (unless otherwise specified)
TL431C TL431AC
Symbol Parameter Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref Reference Input Voltage - (figure 1) V
o
VKA = Vref, IK = 10mA Tamb = 25 C 2.44 2.495 2.55 2.47 2.495 2.52
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax. 2.423 2.567 2.453 2.537
∆Vref Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over mV
Temperature Range - (figure 1, note1)
VKA = Vref, IK = 10mA, T min. ≤ Tamb ≤ T max. 3 17 3 15
∆Vref Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to mV/V
∆VKA Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage - (figure 2)
IK = 10mA ∆VKA = 10V to Vref -1.4 -2.7 -1.4 -2.7
∆VKA = 36V to 10V -1 -2 -1 -2
Iref Reference Input Current - (figure 2) µA
IK = 10mA, R 1 = 10kΩ, R 2 = ∞
Tamb = 25oC 1.8 4 1.8 4
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax. 5.2 5.2
∆Iref Reference Input Current Deviation Over µA
Temperature Range - (figure 2)
IK = 10mA, R 1 = 10kΩ, R 2 = ∞ 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax.
Imin Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation - (figure 1) mA
VKA = Vref 0.5 1 0.5 0.6
Ioff Off-State Cathode Current - (figure 3) 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
|ZKA| Dynamic Impedance - (figure 1, note 2) Ω
VKA = Vref, ∆IK = 1 to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5

Notes : 1. ∆Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature
range.
∆Vref = Vref max. - Vref min V ref ma x.

V re fmin.
Tempe ra tur e
T1 T2

∆VKA
2. The dynamic Impedance is defined as |ZKA| =
∆IK

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 TL431

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 25oC (unless otherwise specified)
TL431I TL431AI
Symbol Parameter Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref Reference Input Voltage - (figure 1) V
o
VKA = Vref, IK = 10mA Tamb = 25 C 2.44 2.495 2.55 2.47 2.495 2.52
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax. 2.41 2.58 2.44 2.55
∆Vref Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over mV
Temperature Range - (figure 1, note1)
VKA = Vref, IK = 10mA, T min. ≤ Tamb ≤ T max. 7 30 7 30
∆Vref Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to mV/V
∆VKA Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage - (figure 2)
IK = 10mA ∆VKA = 10V to Vref -1.4 -2.7 -1.4 -2.7
∆VKA = 36V to 10V -1 -2 -1 -2
Iref Reference Input Current - (figure 2) µA
IK = 10mA, R 1 = 10kΩ, R 2 = ∞
Tamb = 25oC 1.8 4 1.8 4
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax. 6.5 6.5
∆Iref Reference Input Current Deviation Over µA
Temperature Range - (figure 2)
IK = 10mA, R 1 = 10kΩ, R 2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2
Tmin. ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax.
Imin Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation - (figure 1) mA
VKA = Vref 0.5 1 0.5 0.7
Ioff Off-State Cathode Current - (figure 3) 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
|ZKA| Dynamic Impedance - (figure 1, note 2) Ω
VKA = Vref, ∆IK = 1 to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5

Notes : 1. ∆Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature
range.
∆Vref = Vref max. - Vref min V ref ma x.

V re fmin.
Tempe ra tur e
T1 T2

∆VKA
2. The dynamic Impedance is defined as |ZKA| =
∆IK

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TL431

Reference voltage vs Temperature Test circuit for Vka=Vref

2,58
Average
2,56
2% range
2,54 Input Output
1% range
Referencevoltage (V)

2,52
Ik=10mA
2,5

Vka=Vref
2,48
Ik=10mA

2,46
Vka
2,44

2,42 Vref
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature(°C)

Cathode current vs Cathode voltage Cathode current vs Cathode voltage

100 2
90
Vka=Vref
80 1,5
Vka=Vref Ta=25°C
70
Ta=25°C
60 1
Ika CathodeCurrent (mA)
Ika Cathode current (mA)

50
0,5
40
30
0
20
10
-0,5
0
-10 -1
-20
-30 -1,5
-40
-50 -2
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 -1 0 1 2 3
Vka Cathode voltage(V) Vka Cathode voltage(V)

Reference input current vs temperature Rka - Static impedance vs Temperature

Rka (Ohms)
1,2
0,24
Ika=10mA
1,1 R1=10K Vka=Vref
Iref Referenceinput current (µA)

R2=inf 0,235 Ika =1 to 100mA

0,23
0,9

0,225
0,8

0,22
0,7

0,6 0,215
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature(°C) Temperature (°C)

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 TL431

Off State cathode current vs temperature

Test circuit for Off-state current measurement
1,4

1,2 Vka=36V
Ioff Off State cathode current(µA)

Vref=0V
Input Vka=36V
1

Ioff
0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature(°C)

Phase & Gain vs Frequency

Gain(dB) Phase (°)
60 180
Test circuit for Phase & Gain measurements
160
50

140
10µF
40
120 Output
Gain Ik=10mA
6.8K
30 100
Phase 10µF

80
20

60 Input 4.3K Vref

10
40

0 20
1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1,000
Frequency (KHz)

Pulse response for Ik=1mA

6

Input
Test circuit for pulse response at Ik=1mA
Vka=Vref
5
Ik=1mA
Ta=25°C
Input & Outputvoltage (V)

4 Ω
2.5KΩ

3 Ik=1mA
Output

2 Pulse Ω
50Ω
Output
Intput

Generator
1

-1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (µs)

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TL431

Pulse response for Ik=10mA

6 Test circuit for pulse response at Ik=10mA
Input Vka=Vref
5 Ik=10mA
Ta=25°C
Ω
250Ω
Input & Output voltage(V)

Ik=10mA
3 Output

2
Pulse Ω
50Ω

Output
Intput
Generator
1

-1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (µs)

Stability conditions vs C apacitive loads

110
Test circuit for Vka > Vref
100

90 Vka=Vref

80 Unstable Input Vka

Stable Stable
Cathode current(µA)

Vka=5V area
70 area area
Ik
60
R1
50
Vka=12V Iref
Vka = Vref . (1+R 1/R2 ) + Iref . R1
40

30 Vka=24V
R2
20 Vref
10

0
1E-10 1E-9 1E-8 1E-7 0,000001 0,00001
Capacitive load (F)

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 TL431

PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA

8 PINS - PLASTIC DIP

Millimeters Inches
Dim.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 3.32 0.131
a1 0.51 0.020
B 1.15 1.65 0.045 0.065
b 0.356 0.55 0.014 0.022
b1 0.204 0.304 0.008 0.012
D 10.92 0.430
E 7.95 9.75 0.313 0.384
e 2.54 0.100
e3 7.62 0.300
e4 7.62 0.300
F 6.6 0260
i 5.08 0.200
L 3.18 3.81 0.125 0.150
Z 1.52 0.060

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TL431

PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA

8 PINS - BATWING PLASTIC MICROPACKAGE (SO)

Millimeters Inches
Dimensions
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.75 0.069
a1 0.1 0.25 0.004 0.010
a2 1.65 0.065
a3 0.65 0.85 0.026 0.033
b 0.35 0.48 0.014 0.019
b1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010
C 0.25 0.5 0.010 0.020
o
c1 45 (typ.)
D 4.8 5.0 0.189 0.197
E 5.8 6.2 0.228 0.244
e 1.27 0.050
e3 3.81 0.150
F 3.8 4.0 0.150 0.157
L 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050
M 0.6 0.024
S 8o (max.)

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 TL431

PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA

3 PINS - PLASTIC PACKAGE TO92

Millimeters Inches
Dimensions
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
L 1.27 0.05
B 3.2 3.7 4.2 0.126 0.1457 0.1654
O1 4.45 5.00 5.2 0.1752 0.1969 0.2047
C 4.58 5.03 5.33 0.1803 0.198 0.2098
K 12.7 0.5
O2 0.407 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0197 0.02
a 0.35 0.0138

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without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
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