MATH 2413 - Calculus I - Prerequisite Review

Give exact answers unless a problem specifies otherwise.

x +5– x
1. Rationalize the numerator and simplify:
10
x 2/3. x –3/5
2. Simplify and give your answer in simplified radical form:
(x −5/6 )2
x3 − 8 3x 2 + 2x − 8 2x − 3 3x − 5
3. Simplify: ÷ 4. Simplify: 2 − 2
x 3 − 4x x 2 + 4x + 4 x − 3x − 4 x − 8x + 16
5. Give the slope-intercept form of the equation of the line perpendicular to 5x – 3y = 8 and passing
through (–4,7).

6. Give the slope of the line that passes through the points P and Q on the graph of f (x) = cos x if
2 5
P has an x-coordinate of and Q has an x-coordinate of .
3 4
7. A tailor works 8 hours a day, 6 days a week. He divides his time between making shirts and
making coats. It takes him 4 hours to make a shirt and 6 hours to make a coat. Let x be the number
of shirts the tailor makes in a week and let y be the number of coats the tailor makes in a week. (a)
Find a formula for y as a function of x. Interpret (b) the slope and (c) the y intercept in this context.
 3
 7π 
8. Evaluate without a calculator: (a) sin 
3
 7π 
(b) tan 
4
(c) arccos –
 2 
 ( )
(d) cos sin–1 (−1)

9. Use trig identities to convert the first expression to the second, if possible:
sec x
(a) , 1 + tan2x (b) sin t (csc t − sin t) , cos2t
cos x
  1
(c) cos  x +  , –sin x (d) sin2x . cos2x, (1– cos4 x )
2 8

10. Simplify: sin(2 arctan x)

11. Suppose you are asked to graph r = f(s). (a) Which variable is the dependent variable?
(b) If 4 is a solution to the equation f(s) = 7, give the coordinates of a point on the graph of f.

x +4
12. For g(x) = , determine (a) g(–2) and (b) g(–5) .
x +4

5 f (x + h) – f (x)
13. For f(x) = , determine and simplify. (When you are finished, the
2x – 3 h
denominator should not have h as one of its factors.)

7x
14. Let f (x) = . (a) Is f(x) an even function, an odd function, or neither? (b) Describe the
3x 2 + 5
symmetry, if any, of the graph of f(x).

3
15. For f (x) = 2 and g(x) = 3x − 5 , determine (a) f (g(x)) and (b) g( f (x)).
x +2
 3
16. For h(x) = x 2 + 9 , define two functions f (x) and g(x) such that h is the composite of f and
g; in other words, decompose h into f and g so that h(x) = f (g(x)).
3x − 5 1
17. For f (x) = , determine f −1 (x). 18. For g(x) = , determine g−1 (x).
2x + 7 sin x
19. Give the domain of each of the following. Use interval notation where appropriate.
3 2 2 3x –5 x2 – x – 6
(a) f(x) = 0.3x – x + x – 8 (b) f(x) = (c) f(x) = 2
3 4 x + 2x – 8
(d) f(x) = 2 − 7x (e) f(x) = 3 4x –5 (f) f(x) = log(2x + 5)
 2 − 9x 
(g) f(x) = e3x+5 (h) f(x) = tan x (i) f(x) = arcsin (j) f(x) = tan–1x
5 
2x – 5 5
(k) g(x) = (l) h(x) = 3 + (ln( x + 3)) 2 (m) f (x) = ln( x 2 )
3x 2 – 4x + 5 x
4 – x if x ≤ 0 (b) Is this relation a function? Explain.
 (c) Is this relation a one-to-one function? Explain.
20. (a) Graph y = 4 − x 2 if 0 < x ≤ 3 If we call this relation f (x) , determine
− 1 x − 5
 3 if x > 3 (d) f (3) and (e) f −1 (−4) .

21. Give (a) the x-intercepts and (b) the y-intercept of f (x) = −9x 2 − 6x + 2.
22. Suppose g(x) is a 5th degree polynomial with a negative leading coefficient and a negative
constant term. True or false:
(a) As x → ∞,g(x) → ∞. (b) g has, at most, four x-intercepts.
(c) g has, at most, four relative extrema (peaks and valleys).
(d) The graph of g crosses the y-axis below the x-axis.

23. Describe the graph of 2x 2 + 2y 2 –6x+8y+5=0. 28. Give the formula, in factored form, of the
polynomial p(x) whose graph is shown
(Give sufficient detail so that a classmate could below.
draw the figure from your description.)
y
2
24. Graph f (x) = − 25 − x

25. Give the range of g(x) = 4 − 3(2−x )

26. Describe the behavior of each of the following:

(a) 5− x as x → ∞ (b) log x as x → 0 +
(c) ln x as x → ∞ (d) 4 x as x → −∞ (2,0)
x
27. (a) For values of x in the interval (0,1), which is (–3,0)
larger? x 3 or x 4 ? (0,–2)
(b) For values of x in the interval (1,2), which is
larger? x 3 or x 4 ?
(c) Describe the behavior of y = x −20 as x → ∞

(d) Describe the behavior of y = x 20 as x → −∞ .

(Thomason - MATH 2413 - Calculus I , p. 2 of 6)

 (2x − 3)(x + 3)2
29. Let f (x) = . True or false:
(x − 3)2 (x + 1)
(a) As x → ∞, f (x) → 1. (b) As x → −∞, f (x) → 2. (c) As x → 3+ , f (x) → ∞.
(d) As x → 3− , f (x) → ∞. (e) As x → 1+ , f (x) → ∞. (f) As x → 1− , f (x) → −∞.
3
(g) The graph of f goes across the x-axis at x = .
2
(h) The graph of f "bounces" against the x-axis at x = 3.

 
30. For h(x) = –3 sin  2x +  +5, give (a) the period, (b) the amplitude, (c) the equation of the
2
midline, (d) the amount and direction of the vertical translation, (e) the amount and direction of the
horizontal translation, and (f) the range.
3x − 7 3x + 4 5
31. If f (x) = − and g(x) = , determine the values of x for which
2x + 5 2x − 3 4x + 4x − 15
2
f (x) = g(x).

32. Solve: x + 8 − 2x + 9 = 1 33. Solve: x −1/3 = 3x −4/3 + 10x −7/3

( )
34. Solve: 2 52x −3 − 4 = 7 Give both the exact solution and the solution rounded to the nearest
thousandth.

35. The populations (in thousands) of two different cities are given by P1 = 45(1.038)t and
P2 = 48(1.025)t , where t is the number of years since 2001. In how many years will the
populations of the two cities be equal? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth of a year.

36. Determine the x-intercept(s) of f (x) = log 2 (3x − 4) + 1.

37. Solve: log(2x + 3) − log(3x − 4) = 2 38. Solve: log 2 (x − 2) + log 2 x = 3

39. Solve for x in [0,2π): 2 sin2x – cos x – 1 = 0

40. Solve for t, rounded to the nearest thousandth, in [0,2π]: 3sin 2 t = cost

41. Solve for , where 0 ≤ ≤ 2π: sec 2 − 2tan = 4

Give exact solutions when possible; otherwise round to the nearest thousandth.
42. For f (x) = cos x + sin x , determine all of the values of x for which f (x) = 0 .

In Problems 43-51, solve and give the solutions in interval notation.

43. 2 – 3(4x – 5) > 10 – 7x 44. 3x –5 + 2 > 9 45. 2x ≤ x2 – 15
x− 3 x+2
46. 2x 5 – 5x 4 –14 x 3 +35 x 2 > 0 47. > 48. 2–x > 8
x +5 x−4
49. 7 x − 1≤ 3 50. log(2x − 5) ≤ 3 51. ln(−3x + 5) ≤ 0
52. If w is inversely proportional to the square of v and w = 36 when v = 5, write the formula for w
as a function of v.
53. The distance between Austin and Georgetown is 30 miles. Ramon bikes part of the way at an
average speed of 20 mi/hr. Then he jogs the rest of the way at an average speed of 6 mi/hr. Let x
(Thomason - MATH 2413 - Calculus I , p. 3 of 6)
be the distance that Ramon rides his bike and write the formula for the function that give the total
time for Ramon's trip.

54. An 8 foot long ladder is leaned against the side of a two-story house. Let x be the distance
between the bottom of the house and the bottom of the ladder. Write the formula for the function
f (x) that gives the height (distance above the ground) at which the top of the ladder touches the
houses.

55. A rectangular sheet of cardboard is 8 inches by 10 inches. Squares are cut out of each corner
of the cardboard so that the cardboard can be folded to form an open box. Let x be the length of a
side of the squares. Write the formula for the function f (x) that gives the volume of the box that
can be formed by folding the resulting sheet of cardboard.

56. In 1990, the population of a small town was 2800. Each year since 1990, the population of the
town has increased by 6%. Determine the formula for a function P(t) that gives the population of
the town t years after 1990.

57. A ferris wheel is 36 meters in diameter and must be boarded from a platform that is 2 meters
above he ground. The six o'clock position on the ferris wheel is level with the loading platform.
The wheel completes one full revolution every 4 minutes. At t = 0 you are at the six o'clock
position. Find a formula for the function h(t)that gives your height above the ground after t
minutes on the ferris wheel.

58. Solve the triangle shown at the right. c= B

Round your answers to the nearest hundredth. 5.91 ft a=
o
127 9.38 ft
A
b
C

59. Chris measures the angle of elevation to the top of a building as 38°. When Chris moves 100 ft
closer to the base of the building, the angle of elevation to the top of the building is 47°. How tall is the
building? Neglect Chris' height and round your answer to the nearest tenth of a foot.

60. In the figure at the right, C is the center of the circle, which A s
has a radius of 6. The length of the arc s is 18. Determine the
lengths of the line segments AD, DC, and AB, rounded to the
nearest thousandth.
B
D C

Answers
1 15 11 x 2+2x + 4 − x 2 − 9x + 17
( )
1. 2. x x 3. 4.
2 x +5+ x x(3x − 4) (x − 4) 2 (x + 1)
3 23 −6 2 + 6
5. y = − x + 6.
5 5 7

(Thomason - MATH 2413 - Calculus I , p. 4 of 6)

 2
7. (a) y = − x + 8 (b) For every two fewer coats he makes, he can make three additional shirts.
3
(c) If the makes no shirts, he can make eight coats.

3 5π
8. (a) (b) –1 (c) (d) 0
2 6
sec x sec x
9. (a) = 1 = sec 2 x = 1 + tan2 x
cos x
sec x
1
(b) sint(csc t − sin t) = sin t ⋅csc t − sint ⋅ sint = sint ⋅ − sin2 t = 1− sin 2 t = cos2 t
sint
  π π
(c) cos x +  = cosx cos − sin x sin = cos x(0) − sin x(1) = − sin x
2 2 2
1 1  1− cos4 x  1
(d) sin2 x cos 2 x = (sin x cos x) 2 = 14 (2sin x cos x)2 = (sin2 x)2 = 
4 4 2  = 8 (1− cos4 x)
2x −10
10. 2 11. (a) r (b) (4,7) 12. (a) 1 (b) –1 13.
x +1 (2x + 2h − 3)(2x − 3)
3 −5x 2 − 1
14. (a) odd (b) symmetric about the origin 15. (a) (b)
9x 2 − 30x + 27 x2 + 2
−7x − 5  1
16. f (x) = 3 x , g(x) = x 2 + 9 17. f −1 (x) = 18. g−1 (x) = arcsin 
2x − 3 x
2
19. (a) (−∞, ∞) (b) (−∞, ∞) (c) (−∞, −4) U(−4,2) U(2,∞) (d) (−∞,  (e) (−∞, ∞)
7
 5  π  1 7
(f)  − ,∞ (g) (−∞, ∞) (h) {x | x ∈ℜ, x ≠ + mπ, where m is an integer} (i) − , 
2 2  3 9
(j) (−∞, ∞) (k) (−∞, ∞) (l) (−3,0) U(0,∞) (m) (−∞, 0)U(0,∞)
20. (a)  −1 ± 3 
y 21. (a)  ,0 (b) (0,2)
 3 
22. (a) False (b) False (c) True (d) True
4
23. The graph is a circle with its center at
2 3  15
 2 ,−2 and with a radius of 2 .
–3 3 x
24. y

–5 5
x

(b) Yes, by the Vertical Line Test.

(c) Yes, by the Horizontal Line Test.
(d) f (3) = −5 (e) f −1(−4) = 2 2
–5
(Thomason - MATH 2413 - Calculus I , p. 5 of 6)
25. (−∞, 4) 26. (a) 5− x → 0 (b) log x → −∞ (c) ln x → ∞ (d) 4 x → 0

1
27. (a) x 3 (b) x 4 (c) y → 0 (d) y → ∞ 28. p(x) = − (x + 3)(x − 2)2
6
29. (a) False (b) True (c) True (d) True (e) False (f) False (g) True (h) False

π
30. (a) π (b) 3 (c) y = 5 (d) 5 units up (e) units left (f) [2,8]
4

2
31. − 32. –4 33. –2, 5
23
ln5.5 +3 ln48 − ln45
34. ln 5 ≈ 2.030 35. ≈ 5.121 years
2 ln1.038 − ln1.025

3  403
36.  ,0 37. 38. 4
2 298

π 5π 3π 7π
39. π, , 40. 0.560, 5.723 41. 1.249, 4.391, ,
3 3 4 4

3π  7
42. + mπ , where m is an integer 43.  −∞, 
4 5

 2  5
44.  −∞,−  U(4,∞) 45. (−∞,−3]U[5,∞) 46. (− 7,0)U 0,  U( 7,∞)
3 2

1   ln4 
47. (−∞,−5)U ,4  48. (−∞, −3) 49.  −∞,
7 ln7 

 4 5 900
50. (2.5,502.5) 51.  ,  52. w =
3 3 v2

x 30 − x
53. f (x) = + 54. f (x) = 64 − x 2 55. f (x) = 4x 3 − 36x 2 + 80x
20 6

π 
56. P(t) = 2800(1.06)t 57. h(t) = −18cos  t + 20
2

58. b ≈ 13.77 ft , A ≈ 32.96°, C ≈ 20.04°

59. 287.8 ft

60. AD ≈ 0.847 , DC ≈ 5.940 , AB ≈ 11.970

(Thomason - MATH 2413 - Calculus I , p. 6 of 6)