Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 85 views

    Matrix and Determinants 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    kawther Jassim
    The document discusses determinants and their use in solving systems of linear equations. It provides examples of calculating determinants of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, as well as evaluating determinants using different rows or columns. It also introduces Crammer's rule as a method to solve systems of equations using determinants, providing examples of 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 systems. As homework, students are asked to evaluate determinants and solve systems of equations using Crammer's rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Matrix and Determinants 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    kawther Jassim
    85 views4 pages
    The document discusses determinants and their use in solving systems of linear equations. It provides examples of calculating determinants of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, as well as evaluating determinants using different rows or columns. It also introduces Crammer's rule as a method to solve systems of equations using determinants, providing examples of 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 systems. As homework, students are asked to evaluate determinants and solve systems of equations using Crammer's rule.

    Original Title

    matrix and determinants 2.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses determinants and their use in solving systems of linear equations. It provides examples of calculating determinants of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, as well as evaluating determinants using different rows or columns. It also introduces Crammer's rule as a method to solve systems of equations using determinants, providing examples of 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 systems. As homework, students are asked to evaluate determinants and solve systems of equations using Crammer's rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views4 pages

    Matrix and Determinants 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    kawther Jassim
    The document discusses determinants and their use in solving systems of linear equations. It provides examples of calculating determinants of 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, as well as evaluating determinants using different rows or columns. It also introduces Crammer's rule as a method to solve systems of equations using determinants, providing examples of 2x2, 3x3, and 4x4 systems. As homework, students are asked to evaluate determinants and solve systems of equations using Crammer's rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ‫ األول‬/ ‫الصف‬ ‫قسم أنظمة الحاسوب‬

    Determinants :-
    Determinants are arrays which are very useful in the analysis and solution
    of systems of linear algebraic equations.
    𝑎 𝑏
    - The determinant of a 2×2 matrix A = | |
    𝑐 𝑑
    Det(A) or |A| is defined to be determinant
    |A| = a*d – b*c
    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
    - The determinant of a 3×3 matrix A =| 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 |
    𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33

    𝑎22 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎23 𝑎21 𝑎22


    |A|= c11 a11 |𝑎 𝑎33 | +c 12 a12 | 𝑎31 𝑎33 |+ c13 a 13 | 𝑎31 𝑎32 |
    32

    cij = (-1)i+j

    |A|= a11(a22*a33 – a23*a32) – a12 (a21 *a33) + a13(a21*a32 – a22*a31)

    Example 8:. Find determinants for the following:

    3 −2
    1- | | = (3*4) - (-2*7) = 12- (-14) = 26
    7 4
    1 5 0
    4 −1 2 −1 2 4
    2- | 2 4 −1|= 1| |-5| | +0 | |
    −2 0 0 0 0 −2
    0 −2 0

    = 1(-2) – 5 (0) + 0 ( -2 ) = -2
    4 −7 6
    4 0 −2 0 −2 4
    3- | −2 4 0 |= 4| | – ( -7) | |+6 | |
    7 −4 5 −4 5 7
    5 7 −4

    = 4(-16-0) +7 (8-0) + 6 ( -14-20 ) = -212


    1 2
    2 3 1 −3 2 −1 −3 2 −7
    4- |−1 −3| = * - ( * )= + =
    2 5 3 3 10 9 90
    3 5

    Notes:.

    The value of det. Of any matrix is the same if the expansion is done by
    using any row or column.
    + − +
    − + −
    + − +

    1
    ‫ ذكرى طالب جاسم‬/ ‫مدرسة المادة‬ ‫الرياضيات والتحليل العددي‬
    ‫ األول‬/ ‫الصف‬ ‫قسم أنظمة الحاسوب‬

    1 2 1
    Example 9:. | −1 3 2|
    2 −1 1

    - If we take the first row.


    3 2 −1 2 −1 3
    = 1| |–2| |+1 | | = 5+10-5= 10
    −1 1 2 1 2 −1
    - If we take the second row.
    2 1 1 1 1 2
    = -(-1)| |+3| | -2 | | = 3-3+10= 10
    −1 1 2 1 2 −1
    - If we take the first collumn.
    3 2 2 1 2 1
    = 1| | – (-1) | |+2 | | = 5+3+2= 10
    −1 1 −1 1 3 2
    0 1 0 0
    0 1 1 0
    - The determinant of a 4×4 matrix A =| |
    1 1 1 1
    1 1 0 0
    1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
    = 0| 1 1 1|-1 | 1 1 1| + 0 | 1 1 1|- 0| 1 1 1|
    1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

    1 1 1 1 1 1
    = -1(0| |–1| |+0 | |) = -1
    0 0 1 0 1 0
    H.W:. Evaluate the following determinants:.
    2 3 1 2 −1 −2
    1. | 4 5 2| ans. (-5) 2. | −1 2 1| ans. (0)
    1 2 3 3 0 −3
    2 −1 2
    3. | 1 0 3| ans. (-7) [ by used the third row ]
    0 2 1
    1 0 −1
    4. | 0 2 −2| ans. (6) [ by used the first column]
    2 0 1

    1 1 0 0 1 −1 2 3
    0 0 −2 1 2 1 2 6
    5. | | ans. (38) 6. | | ans. (2)
    0 −1 0 7 1 0 2 3
    3 0 2 1 −2 2 0 −5
    2
    ‫ ذكرى طالب جاسم‬/ ‫مدرسة المادة‬ ‫الرياضيات والتحليل العددي‬
    ‫ األول‬/ ‫الصف‬ ‫قسم أنظمة الحاسوب‬

    Solution of simultaneous equations by using Cramers rule


    Definition: Crammer ‘s rule uses a method of determinants to solve
    systems of equations.
    Two simultaneous equations in x and y
    ax+by=p
    cx+dy=q
    to solve use the following
    𝑫 𝑫𝒚
    then x = 𝒙 , y=
    𝑫 𝑫
    where:
    𝑎 𝑏 𝑝 𝑏 𝑎 𝑝
    D=| | , Dx= | | , Dy = | 𝑐 𝑞|
    𝑐 𝑑 𝑞 𝑑
    Example 10:. Solve the system by Crammer’s rule .

    3x-y=9
    x+2y=-4
    solution:
    3 −1
    D=| | = 6+1= 7
    1 2
    9 −1 3 9
    Dx= | | = 18-4= 14 , Dy = | | = -12-9 = -21
    −4 2 1 −4
    𝟏𝟒 −𝟐𝟏
    x= =2 , y= = -3
    𝟕 𝟕

    Three simultaneous equations in x , y and z


    a11x + a12y + a13z = b1
    a21x + a22y + a23z = b2
    a31x + a32y + a33z = b3
    To solve use the following
    𝑫𝒙 𝑫𝒚 𝑫𝒛
    then x = , y= , z=
    𝑫 𝑫 𝑫
    where
    𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑏1 𝑎12 𝑎13
    D = | 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 | , Dx=| 𝑏2 𝑎22 𝑎23 |
    𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑏3 𝑎32 𝑎33

    𝑎11 𝑏1 𝑎13 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑏1


    Dy= | 𝑎21 𝑏2 𝑎23 | , Dz= | 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑏2 |
    𝑎31 𝑏3 𝑎33 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑏3

    3
    ‫ ذكرى طالب جاسم‬/ ‫مدرسة المادة‬ ‫الرياضيات والتحليل العددي‬
    ‫ األول‬/ ‫الصف‬ ‫قسم أنظمة الحاسوب‬

    Example 11:. Solve the system by using Crammer’s rule .


    2x + y + 3z = 9
    x – 2y + z = -2
    3x + 2y + 2z = 7
    Solution:
    2 1 3
    −2 1 1 1 1 −2
    D= |1 −2 1| = 2| |–1| |+3 | | = 13
    2 2 3 2 3 2
    3 2 2
    9 1 3
    −2 1 −2 1 −2 −2
    Dx= | −2 −2 1|= 9| |–1| |+3 | | = -13
    2 2 7 2 7 2
    7 2 2
    2 9 3
    −2 1 1 1 1 −2
    Dy= | 1 −2 1| = 2| |–9| |+3 | | = 26
    7 2 3 2 3 7
    3 7 2
    2 1 9
    −2 −2 1 −2 1 −2
    Dz= | 1 −2 −2|= 2| |–1| |+9 | | = 39
    2 7 3 7 3 2
    3 2 7
    −𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟔 𝟑𝟗
    then x = = -1 , y= =2 , z= =3
    𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑

    W.H:. Solve the system by using Crammer’s rule .


    1. x - 3y = 6
    2x + 3y = 3 ans. x = 3 , y = -1

    1. x + 2y + 3z = 5
    2x – 3y – z = 3
    -3x + 4y +5z = 3 ans. x = 1 , y = -1 , z = 2

    2. 3a + 4b - 3c = 2
    -2a + 2b + 2c = 15
    7a – 5b + 4c = 26 ans. x = 2.5 , y = 3.5 , z = 6.5

    3. 2x – 4y -6 = 0
    x+y=1–z
    5y +7z = 10 ans. x = 0 , y = -1.5 , z = 2.5

    4. x 1 + x2 + x 3 + x 4 = 3
    2x1 - 2 x2 - x3 + 2x4 = 0
    3x1 - x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 2
    x1 - x2 - 2x3 + x4 = 0 ans. x1 = 1/2 , x2 = 3/2 , x3 = 0 , x4 = 1

    4
    ‫ ذكرى طالب جاسم‬/ ‫مدرسة المادة‬ ‫الرياضيات والتحليل العددي‬

    You might also like