i v.1. '---'-o~ ·- - --·.1 - - -- - • • ~ ..,.__., ..... -'-.l lc'..

\::: •••••••••• alJ m n eard tr- om you

- · ,v .uc1. v e
meals in the hotel. · Y b. hear from you
a. to prepare c. to hear from you
b. to have d. to hearing from you
c. to cook 44 · · · · · · · · · ·. faithfully,
d. to stir
a. Yours'
b. Your's
41. Would you please let me know c. Yours
available for this period and how m~~h ·th~ d. Your
cost is for Full Board?
a. whether room you have 45. ··········
b. whether a room you hav.e a. O'Neill Mike
c. whether you have a room b. Mike O'Neill
d. whether have you a room c. O'Neill
d. Mike
ANSWERKEY

Reading Comprehension: l.a, 2.a, 3.a, 4.d, 5.c, 6.c, 7.b, 8.b; 9.d, 10.c, 11.b, 12.a, 13.a, 14.a, lS.c
Grammar and Vocabulary: 16.b, 17.a, 18.a, 19.a, 20.b, 21.d, 22.b, 23.a, 24.a, 25.d, 26 .a, 27 .b,
28.c, 29.c, 30.a, 31.d, 32.c, 33.c, 34.d, 35.d

Writing: 36.a; 37.a; 38.d; 39.a; 40.b; 41.c; 42.c; 43.d; 44.c; 45.b

TEST 13
I. READING COMPREHENSION

Read the text below and solve the proposed items, 1 to 15, by choosing the right variant out of the four
proposed for each item.

People have been experimenting with alternative ways to make energy for a long
time. More than a hundred years ago, people started placing turbines in rivers. The moving
water turned the turbine and created power. More recently, companies have begun using the
power of the wind to provide electrical energy. Wind farms are now a common sight in
many areas of the world. Electricity grids that are connected to these turbines supply
electricity to millions of people. Both of these methods avoid the use of fossil fuels and help
create a cleaner environment.
73
 In the past few years, however, there has been increased interest in another energy
option on the coasts of the United States. People there now want to use the power of ocean
tides, or the rise and fall of ocean water each day. Like wind power, tidal power provides a
very clean energy supply. However, it does have one big advantage over wind power. Wind
comes and goes and there is no way to control it. 1'idal power is predictable and it occurs
every day. People who are operating tidal power stations know exactly when the tide will
come in and go out.
In some ways, tidal turbines are very similar to those used to make electricity from
wind. For example, both types of turbine must have a very heavy foundation. Wind turbines
need them because they are very tall and might fall over in high winds. Tidal turbines need
them because they are placed in narrow openings on the ocean floor. In these places, the
force of the moving water is extremely strong.
In other ways, the two types of turbines are quite different. The blades of a tidal
turbine must be much stronger than those of a wind turbine. A company called Verdant
Energy learned this lesson quickly. They built some model turbines for its project in New
York City's East River. When they put the turbines into the river, the blades immediately
broke off from the hub. The company had to design new, stronger blades before the project
could continue.
(adapted from Wind Power. Footprint Reading Library from National Geographic)

1. People have been experimenting with a. medical energy

altemativeways ...... .... . b. electrical energy
c. wireless energy
a. to make energy for a short time
b. to make energy for a while d. solid energy
C. to make energy for a long time
d. to make energy all of a sudden 5. Wind farms are now a common sight .. ..
a. in many areas of the world
2. . ......... , people started placin g turbines b. in only a few areas of the world
in rivers. c. in scarce areas of the world
d. in few areas of the world
a. More than a thousand years ago
b. More than a hundred years ago
6. . . . . . . . . .. that are connected to these
c. More than five decades ago
turbines supply electricity to millions of
d. More than three decades ago
people.
a. Electricity grids
3. The moving water turned the turbine
b. Electricity stations and cylinders
c. Mechanical panels
a. and created toxins d. Fusion panels
b. and created power
c. and created synergy 7. Both of these methods avoid the use of
d . and created connections fossil fuels ..... ..... .
a. and help create a nourishing environment
4. More recently, companies have begun b. and help create a filthy environment
using the power of the wind to provide c. and help create a cleaner environment
d. and help create a fruitful environment

74
 r~ the past few year s, how ever , ...... ... . 12...... ..... and ther e is no way to cont rol it.
8, lJ.L othe r ener gy opti" on on th e coas ts of
ill a11 a. Airs com e and go
the United State s. b. Drau ghts com e and go
there has been incr ease d inter est c. Stor ms com e and go
:: there has been little inter est d. Win d com es and goes
there has been less stron g inter est
c.
d. there has been wea ker inter est 13. Tida l turb ines need heav y foun datio ns
beca use they are plac ed . . . . . . . . . . on the
ocea n floor.
le there now wan t to use the pow er
9. peop a. in gas cylin ders
of ocean tides , ...... .... each day.
b. in wate r cylin ders
a. or the rise and fall of ocea n wate r c. in pow er stati ons
b. or the rise of wate rfall s d. in narr ow open ings
c. or the fall of sma ll strea ms
d. or the ford of river s 14. Peop le who are oper ating tidal pow er
stati ons know exac tly ...... ... .
10. . . . . . . . . . . , tidal pow er prov ides a very
a. whe n the tide will com e in and go out
clean ener gy supp ly.
b. whe n the turb ines com e in and go out
a. Like any gasp of air c. whe n the mills com e in and go out
b. Like any gasp of wind d. whe n the stati ons will com e in and go out
c. Like wind pow er
d. Like wind s
15. The blad es of a tidal turb ine mus t be
have one big .. ...... .. than thos e of a wind turb ine.
11. How ever , it d oes
advantage ...... .... . a. muc h stron ger
b. less stron g
a. over fields and ocea ns
c. as stron g as
b. over wind pow er
d. sligh tly stron ger
c. over the surr ound ing lawn s
d. over the surr ound ing lake s

II. GRAMMAR AND VOC ABU LAR Y

the
g the four variants given unde r each sentence
Items 16-20 are incomplete sentences. Choose amon
ctly.
one word or phrase that completes the sentence corre
16 -You can ...... .... your Fren ch by read ing b. resti ve
c. resp onsi ve
French nove ls and com ics.
d. answ ering
a. keep in
b.ke epup
c. keep to 18. If anyo ne susp ects him of doin g it, he'll
d. keep on run into ...... .... .
a. prob lem
17 I' glad the first -yea r stud ent is mor e b. trou ble
· Ill
·· · · · .. · ·· than I expe cted . c.me ss
d. nuis ance
a. questionable

75
19. Add it up for me, please. I've nev 20. Und er the . .... ..... I refu sed the
er bee n offer.
goo d at ..... . .... .
a. circ ums tanc es
a. cou nter s b. reas on
b. sum mar ies
c. opp ortu nity
c. figu res
d . occ asio n
d. lette rs

Each of the sentences from 21 to 25 cont

ains one error. Identify the error from
words. the four underlined

21. I dou bt this is her day ly pro

gra mm e. 24. The priv ate is a nice ggy but
a b he
c d a b
mis ses amb itio n.
22. The pati ent has bee n ope rate d for.
a
C d
b c d
25. Unf ortu nate ly the ave nue s wer
23. Out of the blu e she lost con scie e bad ly
nce and
a b c
a b ligh ted.
for a mom ent we wer e at a loss.
d
C d

From 26 to 30 you have four variants deri

ved from the wor d written in capi tals at
Choose the variant that bes t fits the gap . the end of each line.
Onl y one ·cnriant is correct.

26. Let 's take the secon d p ede stri

an ... ... .. . . c. REDUCTION
CRO SS
d . RED UC EN ESS
a. CROSSI NG
b. CRO SSM ENT
29. The Rom ania ns ar e the . .
c. CRO SSM ENTED . . . . . . . . of the
Dac ians and of the Rom ans . DE SCE
d. CROSSJvffiN TIN C ND
a. DESCEN DA NT S
27. I fin d it sm prisi_r,_g ly .. ..... .. . SUI b. DES CEN DEN TS
T c. DES CEN DA NT
a. SUI TABLIN G d . DES CEN DEN T
b. SUITABLE
c. SUI TAB LED 3
o. The · · · · · · · · ·· on the wal ls was utte rly
d. SUITABLEMEN T unh ealt hy. MO IST
a. MO IST UR E
28. There has bee n a great ... ... b. MO IST UR ING
.... in
une mp loy men t lately.REDUCE c. MO IST UR EM ENT
d. MO IST UR ED
a.R ED UC ING
b. REDUCEMENT

76
 •tems 31 to 35 each sentence has a word or h .
In t . P rase underlined. Choose among the four variants the
. d word or phrase.
one word or phrase that zs the best substitutefior the u n der1zne

31. 'Jbe mob seldom attempt to cross the a. quick

moor.
b. thoughtful
a. want c. just
b. try d. profitable
c. dare
d. plan 34. What does ARPANET stand for?
a. estimate
32. On hearing the unexpected news, they b.measure
left hastily. c. conceal
a. quietly d. represent
b. suddenly
35. Natural gas is conveyed by an
c. presently
international network of tubes.
d. quickly
a. transported
33. The members of the department agreed b. filtered
it was a fair decision. c. divided
d. shared

III. WRITING

This is a formal letter of request. Choose among the variants offered the one that best fits the context,
completing thus the whole letter.

36. Dear .........., 39. . ........., I would like to cancel my

reservation.
a. Mr. George Smith
b. Mr. George a.Or
c.Mr. b. Although
d. Sir c. Consequently
cl.And
37· I' m writing with reference to the
reservation I made on 6th April .......... . 40. I do apologize .......... this might cause
you.
a. Witch you kindly confirmed
b. Which you kindly confirmed a. for an inconvenience
c. Whom you kindly confirmed b. for some inconvenience
d. Whose you kindly confirmed c. for any inconvenience
d. to any inconvenience
38 I w I ...
· as ooking forward to my first v1s1t m
41. I hope that I shall be able to make it in
~:~ cosy town and . . . . . . . . . . at your hote~, late summer and I shall let you know on the
• ' unfortunately, business matters make it
date ......... .
llnpossible for me to come in due time.
:· to staying a. as have planned
· to stay b. as planning
c. toh c. as to plan
d ave stayed
-tab e stayed d. as planned

77
42. .. .. .. .. . . a satisfac tory explan ation as 44 . .......... '
soon as possibl e, then I shall have no other a. Yours'
option. b. Your's
a. I should not receive c. Your
b. Should I not receive d . Yours
c. Should not I receive
d. Should not receive I 45 ... ....... .
a. Wilkin son George
43. Lookin g forwar d to a reply .........., b. George Wilkin son
c. Sir Wilkin son
a. at your earliest conven ience
d. Sir George
b. at yours' earliest conven ience
c. at yours earliest conven ience
d. at you're the earliest

TEST 14

I. READI NG COMPREHENSION

Read the text below and solve the proposed items, 1 to 15, by choosing the right
variant out of the four
proposed for each item.

Petrole um is an oily, thick, flamma ble, usually dark-co lored liquid that
is a form of
bitume n or a mixtur e of various hydroc arbons . It occurs natural ly in
variou s parts of the
world and is usually obtaine d by drilling . Offsho re drilling for oil takes
place in oceans, seas
or large lakes from platfor ms standin g on the bed; onshor e drilling
takes place on land.
Becaus e petrole um is found underg round, it must be extract ed by means
of wells. To check
wheth er there is any oil at a site, an explan atory well, or wildcat , is dug.
Scientific method s
and technic al equipm ent, such as gravim eters, magnet ometer s, and seismo
graphs are used to
find subsur face rock format ions that might hold crude oil. The petrole
um from a new well
will usually come to the surface under its own pressur e. ~a~er the crude
oil must be pumpe d
out or force d t o the Surface by inJ'ecting water, gas, or arr mto the deposit s. The oil and gas
. d' . . . .
• h betwee n upstrea m (oil and natural gas explora tion and produc tion
mdust ry 1stingw s es . .
. . . . lus as atherin g, process ing and market ing operati ons) and all
downst ream _(
activiti eS, P g g . of refined crude oil into petrole um produc ts to the distribution,
activiti es from the proces smg
k . d hi
mar eting, an s Pping of the produc ts). (adapted from Technical English Vocabula
ry and Grammar)

78
 is an oily, thick, flammable
1. ····· · d~rk-colored liquid that is a form of a. under its own pressure
b. under its own weight
t1sllall: or a :mixture of various hydrocarbons.
bitt1111 c. under its own height
a. J-Iydrogen d. under its own thickness
b. petroleum
8. By injecting water, gas, or air into the
c. oil
d.Gas deposits, the crude oil .... . .... .
a. is pumped out or forced to the surface
z.petroleum is obtained ......... . b. is dug and spread all around
a. by drilling . . c. is guided all over the terrain
b. by mapping and d1ggmg d. is sold on the market
c. by sticking
d. by processing 9. According to the text, upstream is defined
as .......... .
3_Onshore drilling takes place .......... . a. the distribution and marketing of products
a. in oceans b. the shipping of the products
b. on roads c. oil and natural gas exploration and
c.onpaths production activities
d.onland d. the distribution, marketing, and shipping
of the products
4. Petroleum is found underground, so it
must be extracted . ..... .. .. . 10. According to the text, downstream
mainly means ... ...... . .
a. by means of fountains
b. by means of pebbles a. the distribution, marketing, and shipping
c. by means of tools of the products
d. by means of wells b. oil and natural gas exploration and
production activities
5Aild ·dug .......... . c. gas gathering, processing and marketing
. w cat1s
operations
a. to check whether there are any d. gas gathering and processing operations
surrounding wells
b. to check whether there are any platforms 11. Gravimeters, magnetometers, and
around seismographs are employed ........ .. .
c. to check whether there is any oil at a site
a. to check oil quality
d. for onshore and offshore drilling
b. to find the existing platforms
6 c. to find subsurface rock formations
· According to the text, subsurface rock
d. to find offshore oil platforms
formations might hold .. . ....... .
a. pebbles 12. The oil and gas industry distinguishes
b. crude oil
c. gas
d. softwood a. between onshore and offshore platforms
b. between upstream and downstream
7 c. between various types of oil stations
· The petroleum from a new well will
Usually d. between subsurface rock formations
come to the surface .......... •

79
 13. Petroleum .......... a. sophisticated
a. occurs naturally in various parts of the b. solid
world c.raw
b. is obtained artificially across countries d. formal
c. is extracted from deserted areas
d. is bought across continents 15. According to the text under consideration,
wildcat is .......... .
14. According to the current excerpt, crude
a. an explanatory well
in the statement seismographs are used to find
b. an explanatory fountain
subsurface rock formations that might hold
c. an explanatory rock formation
crude oil is closest in meaning to ..... .... .
d. an explanatory rock platform

II. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Items 16-20 are incomplete sentences. Choose among the four variants given under each sentence the
one word or phrase that completes the sentence correctly.

16. . ... .... .. crossing the street, Mr. George c. wound

Willis was knocked down by a car. d. stain
a. By
b.At 19. She was .......... by an uncle on her
c. For mother's side.
cl.While a. brought out
b. brought up
17. We prefer travelling by train .. ....... . c. grown up
driving at night. d . grown
a. from
b . than 20. The taxi driver .......... me 100 euros to
C. to take me to the train station.
d. too a. paid
b . cost
18. The ink left a blue .......... on the c. took
tablecloth. d. charged
a. fault
b. colour

Each of the sentences from 21 to 25 contains one error. Identify the error from the four underlined words.

21. The volcanos in the seas round Japan are

order, with no blood connection.
a b d
said to be active, which is true.
C d 23. There were several hundred of violent
a b
22. They were brothers in the same religious
strikers in the plant yard.
a b c C d
80
 ten ces 25. The old ma n wa s bor n sho
uld er- hig h
'fhe tea che r pau sed am ong sen
24. a a b
~ he we re too em bar
ras sed to speak. after the gre at victory.
b C d C d

have fou r variants d erzv · dfr om the word written in capitals at the end of each line .
to 30 you e
From 26 .
gap On • t zs. correct.
ly on e varzan
ian t tha t bes t fits the
Choose the var ·

in .... .... . . a. INF OR TU NA TE

26. The officer rai sed his sw ord
DEFEND b. DIS FO RT UN AT E
c. DIS FO RT UN AT ED
a. DE FE NC EM EN T d. UN FO RT UN AT E
b.D EF EN CE D
c.D EFE NC E 29. The pla yw rig ht ma de
.... .... .. use of
d. DE FEN CE AL com mo npl ace wo rds . AR T
ma nce wa s a.A RT FU LL
27. Do you thi nk the per for
b.A RT FU L
..... ..... ?W OR TH
c.A RT FU LL Y
a. WORTI-IWILE d. ARTFULLED
b. WO RT IIW HIL ED
c. WORTI-IWILING 30. Telling the tru th is ... ....
.. . in thi s case.
d. WO RT HW ILL ING AD VIS E

om frie nd as a. AD VIS AB LE
28. She ma y thi nk of her bos
acc ide nts . b. AD VIS AB LE ME NT
being . . . . . . . . . . aft er so ma11y
c. AD VIS AB LIN G
FORTIJNE
d . AD VIS EA BL NE SS

ose among the fou r variants the

s 31 to 35 eac h sen ten ce has a word or phrase underlined. Cho
In item d or phrase.
t sub stit ute for the underlined wor
one word or phrase tha t is the bes
33. No bod y kne w for sur e wh
at the car go of
stu den t rea che s ma nho od,
31. Wh en the tha t pla ne rea lly wa s.
und ers tan d suc h tric ks of life
he'll come to
better. a. mis sio n
b. ma ke
a. ma nlin ess c. loa d
b. adolescence d. pur pos e
c. ma tur ity
d. dis hon est y alit y, I felt
34. De spi te her wa rm hos pit
une asy all the tim e.
32 · The int erv iew ee sho uld lea ve ou t the se
ss. a. unc om for tab le
Words for the sak e of con cis ene
b. em bar ras sed
a.cross
c. dis tur bed
b. repeat
cl. lon ely
c. stress
d. Oinit
81
35. The civility of the five middle-aged b. politeness
c. incivility
strangers took us in.
d. reserve
a. behavior

Ill. WRITING
. Mike has written to you for advice on a study holiday in Britain. V'-:rite back to him
~:;:e:;: z;::r views on the study holiday, and suggesting what further information he should

request. d. that need to be answeri ng

36. Dear ..........,
41.. ......... that the advertis ement isn't very
a.Mike
clear about the price.
b. Sir Mike
c. friend Mike a. It seems me
cl.Mr.Mike b. It appears me
c. It appears to me
37 ..... ...... for your letter last month. d. Seems to me
a. Thank
b. Thanks 42. You should find out if there are many
c. Thank's hidden extras, such as charges for
d. Thanking accommodation, .......... .
a. whose may not be included in the basic price
38. I was pleased to hear you're going to b. whom may not be included in the basic price
study British History - congratulations c. who may not be included in the basic price
.......... a place at university! d. which may not be included in the basic
a. on getting price
b. on gotting
c. on get 43. I hope I've been of ...... .... .
d. in get a. some use
b. some usage
39. In my view getting some background c. some using
knowledge first would be a valuable help, d. some usages
........ .. you need more information about
Queensbridge Heritage Study Holidays. 44 . .......... yourself,
a. nor I feel a. Minding of
b. neither nor I feel b. Taking care of
c. but I feel c. Take care of
d. but feel d. Protect of

40. The advertisement doesn't go into much 45 .......... .

detail and there are some basic questions
a. Smith Peter
b. Peter Smith
a. that need to be answer C. Smith
b. that need to be answere d d. Peter
c. that need to answer

82
 TES T 15

I. READING COMP REHEN SION

g the right variant out of the four

Read the text belo~ and solve the proposed items, 1 to 15, by choosin
proposed for each item.
e the ultima te form
With the adven t of projec tion in 1895-1896, motio n pictur es becam
d specta cles at the theate r,
of mc!-SS consu mptio n. Previo usly, large audien ces had viewe
, classic al plays, lecture s, and
where vaude ville, popul ar drama s, music al and minstr el shows
ed specta tors at a time. But the
slide-a nd-lan tern shows had been presen ted to severa l hundr
ainme nt, which depen ded on
movie s differ ed signif icantly from these other forms of entert
shows ) the active involv ement
either live perfor mance or (in the case of the slide-a nd-lan tern
of a maste r of cerem onies who assem bled the final progra m.
live acts, the substa nce
Altho ugh early exhibi tors regula rly accom panied movie s with
materi al that can easily be
of the movie s thems elves is mass- produ ced, prerec orded
exhibi tor. Even thoug h early
reprod uced by theate rs with little or no active partic ipatio n by the
entert ainme nts togeth er in
exhibi tors shape d their film progra ms by mixin g films and other
ces or by accom panyin g them
which ever way they thoug ht would be most attract ive to audien
audien ces came to see was the
with lecture s, their creativ e contro l remai ned limite d. What
of the comm onplac e motio n of
techno logica l marvel oi the movie s; the lifelike reprod uction
street; and the magic made
trains, of waves strikin g the shore, and of people walkin g in the
a.
possib le by trick photo graph y and the manip ulatio n of the camer
with the image was no longe r
With the adven t of projec tion, the viewe r's relatio nship
as the Kineto scope and the
privat e, as it had been with earlier peeps how device s such
n by means of succes sive
Mutos cope, which was a simila r machi ne that reprod uced motio
of cellulo id. It sudde nly becam e
image s on indivi dual photo graph ic cards instea d of on strips
scores , and even hundr eds of
public - an experi ence that the viewe r shared with dozen s,
at expanded from the minus cule
others . At the same time, the image that the specta tor looked
e propo rtions of 6 or 9 feet.
peeps how dimen sions of 1 or 2 inches (in height ) to the life-siz
(adapt ed from The Official Guide of the TOEFL Test)

d. 1790-1791
1. The adven t of projec tion took place in
·········· 2. At that time motio n pictur es ........ . .
a. 1900-1901
a. becam e the most popul ar peeps hows
b. 1895-1896
c. 1645-1646
83
 b. becam e exciting and popu lar amo ng the c. no long er soft
British audience d . no long er hard
c. beca me th e ultim ate form of mass
consump tion 8. The Kine tosco pe and the Muto scop e were
d . beca me the less popu lar peep show s

3. Unti l then, large audi ence s view ed a. early peep show devi ces
spectacles at ..... .... . b. late moti ons and phot ogra phs
c. early moti ons and phot ogra phs
a. at the theat er d . late moti ons and phot ogra phs
b. at the gym
c. in the park 9. Acco rding to the text, the Muto scop e was
d. in open air a simi lar mach ine to ..... .... .

4. The mast er of cerem onie s was desig nate d a. the moti onle ss devi ces
to ...... .. .. b . the tube
c. the Kine tosco pe
a. look into the final show d. the mag nifyi ng glass
b. asses s the final prog ram
c. assem ble the final prog ram 10. With the adve nt of proje ction , the
d. chec k the audi ence view er's relat ionsh ip with the imag e ...... ... .

5. Acco rding to the text, how did the early a. was not publ ic
mov ies diffe r from prev ious spec tacle s that b. was no long er priv ate
were pres ente d to large audi ence s? c. w as no long er publ ic
d. was unkn own
a. They were a more expe nsive form of
ente rtain men t.
b. They were view ed by large r audiences. 11. vVhich of the follo wing is men tione d as
c. They were more educ ation al. one of ti'le w ays the Mut osco pe differed
d. They did not requ ire live enter taine rs. from the Kine tosco pe?
a. Soun d and moti on were simu ltane ously
6. Wha t role did early exhi bitor s play in the prod uced in the Muto scop e.
pres enta tion of mov ies in theat ers? b. More than one pers on coul d view the
a. They deci ded how to com bine vario us imag es at the same time with the Mutuscope.
com pone nts of the film prog ram. c. The Muto scop e was a less soph istica ted
b. They advi sed film- mak ers on appr opria te earli er prot otyp e of the Kine tosco pe.
mov ie cont ent. d. A diffe rent type of mate rial was used to
c. They often took part in the live- actio n prod uce the imag es used in the Muto scop e.
perf orma nces .
d. They prod uced and prer ecor ded the 12. The word It in the state men t It suddenly
mate rial that was show n in the theat res. became public refer s to ...... . .. .
a. the adve nt of proje ction
7. With the adve nt of proje ction , the
b. the view er's relat ions hip with the imag e
view er's relat ions hip with the imag e was
c. a simi lar mac hine
d. cellu loid
a. no long er priv ate
b. no long er accu rate

84
 by vie we rs in the sp ec tat or loo ke d at
_ '[h e im ag es se en 15. Th.e im ag e tha t the ow
13
arl ier pe ep sh ow s, co mp ar
ed to the nn. ~~
e~ pa nd ed fro m the mi nu sc ule pe ep sh
e .
we re rel ati ve ly .... . . dn ne ns ion s ... ... .. . .
projected on the sc ree n,
life-size pr op or tio ns
a. srnall in siz e a. of 1 or 2 inc he s to the
b. ine xp en siv e to cre ate of 6 or 9 feet.
gth to the life-size
c. un foc us ed b. of 6 or 9 inc he s in len
he s
d. JiJllited in su bje ct ma
tte r pr op or tio ns of 1 or 2 inc
igh t to the life-size
c. of 6 or 9 inc he s in he
t
14. To e wo rd ex pa nd ed
in the pa ssa ge is pr op or tio ns of 1 or 2 fee
to the life-size
closest in me an in g to ...
... ... . d. of 1 or 3 inc he s in de pth
t
pr op or tio ns of 4 to 5 fee
a. wa s en lar ge d
b. wa s im pr ov ed
c. wa s va rie d
d. wa s rej ec ted

BU LA RY
JI. GR AM MA R AN D VO CA
· · under each sentence the
g th e fiour variants given
om ple te sen ten ces • Ch oose am on
Items 16-20 are inc tly.
mpletes the sentence correc
one word or phrase tha t co
pr og ram me r ha pp en s b. un til
16. The ne wl y-q ua iif ied c. in so far as
ma tio n in the field.
to ha ve little ... ... ... . inf or d. up to
a.a ctu al de fea ted the Fr en ch
19. Th e Br iti sh ... . ... ...
b. mo de m
on e at Tr afa lga r.
c. co nte mp or ary
d. up -to -d ate a.f lig ht
b. fle et
. . ... . . . . . a se co nd , I'l l
17. If yo u wi ll on ly . c. pa ck
pu t yo u th ro ug h. d. sh ip
ly to he r
a.h an g on 20. Sh e is the on
b. ho ld ou t go dp are nts ' pr op ert y.
c.h an d on
a. ha re
d. call of
b. he rd
an y v alue , w ill ha ir
18. H er po etr y, ... ... ... . it ha s
C.
cl. he ir
co me ou t sh or tly .
a. to the po in t
r underlined words.
co nta ins on e error. Ide ntify the error fro m the fou
21 to 25
Each of the sentences fro m
22 . A str an ge ge ne tic
di so rd er ha s be en
y a
21. Tiris film fes tiv al is an an nu all
bo rn e in thi s
a b c no tic ed in ma ny inf an ts
b C d
ev en t.
d po pu lar are a.

85
 23. The production of these commodities various issues of mutually interest.
a C d

and their sale on the market has increased. 25. Make use of this amount of fuel in an
b C d a b c
economic way!
d
24. They have agreed to cooperate on
a b

From 26 to 30 you have four variants derived from the word written in capitals at the end of each line.
Choose the variant that best fits the gap. Only one variant is correct.

26. The little mathematician finds b.YOUNGDOM

quite. difficult. MULTIPLY c. YOUNGMENT
a. MULTIPLICATION d. YOUNGSTER
b. MULTIPLICATED
c. MULTIPLICATING 29. Even if this ring is inexpensive, it is a
d. MULTIPLICAMENT dear ........... KEEP
a. KEEPSAKED
27. The . . . . . ... . . . . .. of the tortures was b.KEEPSAKE
heartbreaking. CRUEL
c. KEEPSAKING
a. CRUELTING d. KEEPSAKEMENT
b.CRUELTED
c. CRUEL1MENT 30. Steven, be .. .. .. . ... , will you? REASON
cl.CRUELTY
a. REASON ABLE
b. REASONABLy
28. Don't mind her; she's just a .. ..... . ..
YOUNG c. REASONABLEMENT
d. REASONABLED
a. YOUNGISH

In items 31 to 35 each sentence has a word or phrase underlz'n d Ch

one word or phrase that is the best substitutefior the und z· de • d oose among the fiour variants
· h
t e
er me wor or phrase.
31. The argument seemed never to come to
an end.
b. hardly
a.reasoning C. truly
b. dispute d. actually ·
c.talk
d. interview
33. It's a wonder you can put u "th
naughty little sister. p WI your
32. She merely wanted to give her poor
a. It's funny
cousin a helping hand.
b. It's wonderful
a.only
C. lt' S a pity

d. It's surprising

86
 pictur e that all
Just this beaut y 35. The mess hall looks quite orderl y.
34 · d us t'.
·
~ turns mto
a. tidy
b. cosy
a. Partially
b. eventually c. large
c. certainly d. nice
d. generally

III, WRITI NG
relations departmen~. You hav;
A colleague of yours, Sarah Lyons, has applied for a job in the public
you have worked with her, an
been asked to write a reference letter for her. Specify in what c_apacity
how her personal characteristics would make her suited for the 70b.

a. in the highe st stand ard

36. ········ ··
b for the highe st stand ard
a. To that one it may conce rn c. to the highe st stand ard
b. To whose it may conce rn d. at the highe st stand ard
c. To whom it may conce rn
d. To who it may conce rn 41. Her tasks includ ed check ing press
· ty o f
releases ........ .. letters to a WI·de vane
37. ········ ·· recipients, and she displa yed first-c lass
a. Madam Sarah Lyons comm unica tion abilities.
b. Lady Sarah Lyons a. and writin g
c. Lady Lyons Sarah b. and write
d. Ms. Sarah Lyons c. and to write
d. and to writin g
38. . . . . . . . . .. to write th.is refere nce for Ms.
Sarah Lyons, who worke d with me for 42. Ms. Lyons has applie d for the positi on
almost three years in the Head Office of the of Public Relations Coord inator , ........ .. .
Charity Child ren in Need. significant responsibility.
a. Since I have been asked a. which I imagi ne entail s
b. As I have been asked b. which imagi ne I entail s
c. And I have been asked c. which imagi ne entail s
d. I have been asked d. which imagi nes entail

39 . ........ .. in the public ity depar tment of 43. I have no hesita tion . . . . . .. . . . .. . her for
that organization, I was able to obser ve her this position.
Work at close quart ers and feel entit~~d to
a. in recom mend
appraise her suitab ility for simila r positi ons.
b. in recom mend ing
a. Being her imme diate super ior c. in recom mend ation
b. To be her imme diate super ior d. in recom mend ed
c. To being her imme diate super ior
d. To have been her imme diate super ior 44. I sincerely hope . . . . . . . . . . the curre nt
refere nce letter in due time.
4o. Ms. Lyons was fully comm itted to her
a. that it will consid er
daily Work and alway s perfo rmed · · · · · · · · · · ·
87
b. that he will consider 45. ······· ···
c. that you will consider a. Lady Alice Wats on
d. that will consider b. Alice Wats on
c. Her Lady ship Alice Wats on
d. Wats on Alice

TEST 16
l. READ ING COMPREHENSION

Read the text below and solve the proposed items, 1 to 15, by choosi
ng the right variant out of the four
proposed for each item.

Mobile phones are no longer a luxur y item and they clearl

y have many advan tages
for those who use them. However, there are also some draw
backs.
On the positive side, they enable us to communicate with
other peop le wher ever they
may be and at any time of the day. Teenagers who need
help can conta ct their paren ts
immediately and emergency services can be called to the
scene of the accident witho ut delay.
Anot her advantage is that recent models are so light and
compact that they fit easily into a
pocket or handbag.
On the negative side, the mobile phon e is thoug ht to be
a serious threa t to health,
particularly in the case of children. Moreover, drivers who
use one at the whee l constitute a
dang er to others and fatal accidents have occurred. Finall
y, what for many peop le is a useful
device, for others is a nuisance and they object to the const
ant ringin g tones in publi c places.
In conclusion, cell phones have certainly improved many peop
le's lives, but we need
to be careful about when and where we use them.
(adapted from First Certificate Practice Tests: Heinle Cenga
ge Learning)
1. According to the text unde r scrutiny,
2. The word drawbacks in the statement
However, there are also some drawbacks is
a. the comp uter has greatly improved our closest in meaning to ....... .. .
lives today a. disadvantages
b. mobile phon es are no longer a luxury b. advantages
item c. pros
c. all devices have greatly impro ved our d. pros and cons
lives today
d. computers are no longer a luxury item

88