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Introduction To Fuzzy Logic, Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets: "Principles of Soft Computing, 2

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375 views20 pages

Introduction To Fuzzy Logic, Classical Sets and Fuzzy Sets: "Principles of Soft Computing, 2

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CHAPTER 7

INTRODUCTION TO
FUZZY LOGIC,
CLASSICAL SETS AND
FUZZY SETS
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
FUZZY LOGIC
 Fuzzy logic is the logic underlying approximate, rather than
exact, modes of reasoning .

 It is an extension of multivalued logic: Everything, including truth,


is a matter of degree .

 It contains as special cases not only the classical two-value logic


and multivalue logic systems, but also probabilistic logic.

 A proposition p has a truth value


• 0 or 1 in two-value system,
• element of a set T in multivalue system,
• Range over the fuzzy subsets of T in fuzzy logic.

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Boolean logic uses sharp distinctions.
 Fuzzy logic reflects how people think.
 Fuzzy logic is a set of mathematical principles for

 Fuzzy logic is a set of mathematical principles for knowledge


representation and reasoning based on degrees of membership.

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
TYPES AND MODELING OF UNCERTAINTY

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
FUZZY vs PROBABILITY
 Fuzzy ≠ Probability

 Probability deals with uncertainty an likelihood

 Fuzzy logic deals with ambiguity an vagueness

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
NEED OF FUZZY LOGIC
 Based on intuition and judgment.

 No need for a mathematical model.

 Provides a smooth transition between members and nonmembers.

 Relatively simple, fast and adaptive.

 Less sensitive to system fluctuations.

 Can implement design objectives, difficult to express


mathematically, in linguistic or descriptive rules.

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
CLASSICAL SETS (CRISP SETS)

Conventional or crisp sets are Binary. An element either belongs to the


set or does not.

{True, False}

{1, 0}

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
CRISP SETS

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
OPERATIONS ON CRISP SETS

 UNION:

 INTERSECTION:

 COMPLEMENT:

 DIFFERENCE:

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
PROPERTIES OF CRISP SETS
The various properties of crisp sets are as follows:

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
FUZZY SETS

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
OPERATIONS ON FUZZY SETS

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
PROPERTIES OF FUZZY SETS

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”
by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
SUMMARY
 This chapter discussed the basic concepts of fuzzy logic.

 An introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets has been included.

 The operations and properties of crisp sets and fuzzy sets are also
dealt with.

“Principles of Soft Computing, 2nd Edition”


by S.N. Sivanandam & SN Deepa
Copyright  2011 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

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