Newtonian Derivation of Hubble's Constant
Newtonian Derivation of Hubble's Constant
Newtonian Derivation of Hubble's Constant
Abstract: Edwin's Hubble law/constant is 350 years error made by Newton's law wrong solution and Leonhard Euler wrong mathematics and Henry Cavendish wrong experiments and silly Einstein thought ideas and adopted by Alfred Nobel Mafia for prizes and fame and dumb apes Nobel science. Astronomers give the value of H0 = 74.2 kilometers per second per million parsec. Astronomers give Sun - Earth distance x149 598, 000,000 meters 1 parsec = [360x60x60/2 ] x149 598, 000,000 = 3.085680248x 1016 meters The speed of light = 299 792 458 m / s; Earth's radius is re = 6371000 meters Earth's spin period Te = 86164.1 seconds; clock's period Ts = 24 hours = 86400 seconds
H0 = 74.2 km/sec/ mega parsec is the rate of the expansion of the Universe! 1- Earth Rotate and using Ts = 24 hours = 86400 seconds instead of Te = 86164
Seconds will produce a visual illusion of (Te/ Ts) 2 - Earth rotate and observer not located at the center of Earth will be tracing the circumference of earth disc (2 re)
3 - Earth rotate and astronomers gives light a velocity of c = 299792458 meter/second? The problem with light velocity is the following: A - Two objects going in the same direction each with velocity of 299792458 meters/ second and their relative velocity is 299792458 meters/second --------------------------------------------->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>---------------------------------------------------------------->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>--------------------B - Two objects going in the opposite directions each with velocity of 299792458 meters/ second and their relative velocity is 299792458 meters/second -------------------------------------------->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>------------------------------<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<------------------------------------------------------------
This kind of claim is not acceptable regardless of what all Alfred Nobel scientists have/had to say about it because Alfred Nobel scientists have never came up with one single proof of such finding and over a century to prove it. In case (A) it is obvious that going in the same direction then the relative velocity is VA= c - c = 0 and in case (B) it is obvious that the relative velocity is VA = c - (- c) = 2 c. If scientists found that the measurement VA = VB = c, then they have no clue what they are measuring. C = 299792458 meters/second is not even
light constant velocity but light visualization constant Page 2
I- light vertical Visualization angle 23.44 A disc on a rotating spherical Earth has a circumference of 2 re and 2 re / re = 2 . Modern Nobel physicists and astronomers measurements were/are made in an inverse square distance Newton's law and that would make the error 1/ (2). Modern Nobel physicists and astronomers measure space distance vertically and that would make the vertical error Sine-1[1/ (2)]. Modern Nobel physicists and astronomers use standard time period Ts = 24 hours = 86400 seconds and not Earth's spin period Te = 86164 seconds and that bring the measurement error to (Te/ Ts) Sine-1[1/ (2)]. Modern Nobel physicists and astronomers measure in air and not vacuum with air index of refraction n a = 1.000293 brings the total measurement error to a value equals to:
Error 1is the celestial sphere: (1/ n a) (Te/ Ts) Sine-1[1/ (2)] = 23.44
This celestial sphere is a visual illusion or measurement error of spherical Earth Page 3
II - Light visualization constant c = 299792458 m/sec and not constant light velocity
Along the line of sight the measurement error is 2/ cosine 23.44 = 2 cosecant 23.44 In an Inverse square Newton's law the error is (2/ cosine 23.44) (2/ cosine 23.44) = 4 2 / (cosine 23.44) 2 Light coming from stationary planets to stationary Earth and a rotating with Earth observer with rotating Earth's radius will measure a time independent velocity error of [4 2 re / (cosine 23.44) 2](1/t; t=1)
Using stand time Ts =86400 seconds and not Earth time Te = 86164 seconds and measuring in air and not in vacuum makes the error amounts to: [4 2 re / (cosine 23.44) 2] (1/t; t=1) (Ts/Te) 2 na2] Astronomer's adjustment of time or multiplication by (Te/Ts) reduces the error to Light visualization constant c = [42 (re/t) n2 a /cosine2 23.44] (Ts/Te) = 299792458 km/sec; re = 6,371,000 meters The angle 23.44 = cosine-1 [2 n a (Te/Ts) (re/ct)]; t = 1 second Celestial sphere error 2: 23.44 = cosine-1 [2 n a (Te/Ts) (re/ct)]; t = 1sec c = [42 (re/t) n2 a /cosine2 23.44] (Ts/Te) = 299792458 km/sec; t = 1 sec
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II- Earth's Spin Visual velocities a- Visual speed around the Sun Distance r in a rotating sphere traces a circular distance 2 re Angular velocity ' in a rotating sphere traces a circular 2 ' e And Spin visual velocity is V y = (2 r) (2 ' e) = 4 2 (' e re) V y = (2 r) (2 ' e) = 4 2 (' e re) = 4 2 (2 re / Te) = 18.34 km/sec
Measurements are based on standard Earth time Ts = 24 hours = 86400 seconds and not Earth's actual time Te = 86164 seconds; (2 re / Te) = 0.464581 km/sec
In an Inverse square Newton's law the time error is: (Te/Ts) 2
Measurements are made in air: Dry air index of refraction 1.000274 - 1.000279
In an Inverse square Newton's law the Index of refraction error is: (1/n a 2) {[4 2 (2 re / Te)]/ [1 - Sine 23.44] (Te/Ts) 2 - (2 re / Te)} (1/n a 2) = 29.8 km/sec
18.34 km/sec + 29.8 km/sec = 48.14 km/sec 18.34 km/sec - 29.8 km/sec = - 11.46 km/sec 18.34 km/sec - 11.46 km/sec = 6.88 km/sec 11.46 km/sec + 29.8 km/sec = 41.26 km/sec 41.26 km/sec - (6.88 - 464581) [(n a Te/Ts)] 5 = 35.1 km/sec 41.26 km/sec - (6.88 - 464581) = 34.844581 29.8 km/sec Earth w.r.to Sun motion Illusion 48.14 km/sec Mercury w.r.to Sun motion Illusion 35.1 km/sec Venus w.r.to Sun motion Illusion 48.14 km/sec Mercury w.r.to Earth Spin motion Illusion 41.26 km/sec Venus w.r.to Earth Spin motion Illusion Page 5
III - Newton's equation is solved wrong for 350 years and the correct solution deletes 112 of Nobel science and scientists: F = -G m M/r2; r > 0
Physics Faculty wrong solution of ellipse, r (, 0) = a (1 - 2)/ (1 + cosine ) Correct solution is a rotating ellipse, r (, t) = [a (1-)/ (1+ cosine )] ( + ) t Newton's equation in polar coordinates F = m ;
I - Real numbers or time independent solution Eq-2: 2 r' ' + r "= 0 Multiply by r> 0 Then 2 r r' ' + r2 "= 0 Or, d (r')/d t = 0 And integrating: r' = h = constant With m (r" - r ') = - Gm M/r2 Then, (r" - r ') = - GM/r2 Let u = 1/r; r = 1/u; r' = h = /u And r' = d r/d t = (d r/ d u) (d u /d ) (d / d t) = (- /u ) (d u /d ) ' = (-'/u ) (d u /d ) = - h (d u/ d ) And r' = d r/d t = - h (d u/ d ) And r" = d r/ d t = d (d r'/ d t)/ d t = d [- h (d u/ d )]/ d t Page 6
Multiply (d / d ) Then r" = d r/ d t = {d [- h (d u/ d )]/ d t} (d / d ) = ' {d [- h (d u/ d )]/ d } = - h (d u/ d ) = (- h/r) (d u/ d ) = - h u (d u/ d ) And r" = d r/ d t = - h u (d u/ d ) With d r/dt - r ' = - G M/r2 Eq1
And - h u (d u/ d ) (1/u) (h u) = - G M u2 Then (d u/ d ) + u = G M/h2 And u = G M/h2 + A cosine The r = 1/u = 1/ (G M/h2 + A cosine ); divide by G M/h2 And r = (h2/G M)/ [1 + (A h2/G M) cosine ] With; h2/G M = a (1 - 2); (A h2/G M) = This is Newton's equation classical solution Or, r = a (1 - 2)/ (1 + cosine ); definition of an ellipse ------------- I Newton's time independent solution II - Real time or complex numbers solution : Newton's equation in polar coordinates F = m ;
With m (r" - r ') = - Gm M/r2 And 2 r' ' + r "= 0 Eq-2: 2 r' ' + r "= 0 Separate the variables: 2 r' ' = - r " Or 2(r'/r) = - ("/') = - 2 ( + )
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Then: (r'/r) = + Or d r/r = ( + ) d t Then r = r 0 ( + ) t And r = r (, 0) r (0, t); r 0 = r (, 0) And r = r (, 0) ( + ) t And r (0, t) = ( + ) t With r (, 0) = a (1 - 2)/ (1 + cosine ) Then, r (, t) = [a (1-)/ (1+ cosine )] ( + ) t ------------- I Newton's time dependent solution = quantum mechanics If time is frozen that is t = 0 Then r (, 0) = a (1-)/ (1+ cosine ) or classical Relativistic is the difference between I and Real II With - ("/') = - 2 ( + ) Then ' = '0 -2 ( + ) t With '0 = h/ [r (, 0)] 2 And '(, t) = [' (, 0)] -2 ( + ) t And, '(, t) = ' (, 0) ' (0, t) And ' (0, t) = -2 ( + ) t At Perihelion: We Have ' (0, 0) = h (0, 0)/r (0, 0) = 2ab/ 0 a (1- ) ; = 2a [ (1- )]/ = 2 [ (1- )]/ Then '(0, t) = 2
0 = orbital period
0a (1- ) ]
0 (1- ) ]
[(1- )/ 0 (1- ) ] -2 ( + ) t
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[(1-)/ 0 (1-) ] -2 ( + ) t
And ' = '0 (1 - 2 sine t) And ' - '0 = - 2 '0 sine t = -2{2 And ' - '0 = -4
With, v = spin velocity; v0 = orbital velocity; 0 = orbital period And 0= tan-1 [(v + v0)/c]; light aberrations ' = ' - '0 = - 4 [(1-)]/
The angle difference in degrees per period is: = ( ') 0 = (-720) [(1-)/ (1-) ] sine tan-1 [(v + v0)/c] calculated in degrees per century is multiplication = 100 ;
= Earth orbital period = 100 x 365.26 = 36526 days and dividing by using 0 in days: (100 / 0) = in degrees per century
= (-72000 /
Approximations I With v << c and v* << c Then Sine tan-1 [(v+ v0)/c] (v + v0)/c (Calculated in arc second per century) = (-720x36526x3600/ Approximations II The circumference of an ellipse Is: 2
From Newton's laws for a circular orbit: F = [M/m F = - Gm M/r02 = m v0/ r0 Then v0 = GM/ r0; for planet Mercury And v0 = [GM/ r] = [GM/a (1-/4)] G = 6.673 x 10 -11; M = 2 x1030 kg; a = 58.2 x 109 meters; = 0.206 Then v0 = [6.673 x 10 -11 x 2 x1030 /58.2 x 109 (1- 0.206 /4)] And v0 = 48.14 km/sec [Mercury]; c = 300,000 (Calculated in arc second per century) = (-720x36526x3600/
With = 0.206; [(1-)/ (1-) ] = 1.552; v = 3 meters per second = (-720x36526x3600/88) 1.552 (48.143/300,000) = 43 arc second per century Summary = (-720x36526x3600/
= (-720x36526x3600/88) 1.552 (48.143/300,000) = 43 arc second per century; 8 arc second per century for Venus; v =41.26 Page 10
Or, r = a (1 - 2)/ (1 + cosine ); definition of an ellipse Rotating ellipse, r (, t) = [a (1-)/ (1+ cosine )] ( + ) t ------------- I Equation I quantum Mechanics and Equation II is classical mechanics
G has a unit dimension [1/density, 1/time 2] = [1/air density, 1/ Earth period 2] = [ a, Te2] Earth's spherical dry air density is 1.2041The measurement of G using spring method which involves moment of inertia or summations introduces (2/5) error and around a sphere introduces (4/3). Measuring in air introduces air index of refraction error n a G = 1/ (4/3) (2/5) a Te2 n a=6.674 x 10-11; a =1. 2041 kg/ m3; n a2 =1.000293 Earth's orbital period is Te = 86164 second; Earth's time period = 24 hours = 86400 seconds Dry air density is 1.2041 kg/ m3; air index of refraction at 1.000293 Page 11
Classical says: Index of refraction is an embedded error n a And using an inverse square law of Isaac Newton introduces (Ts/Te) 2 error
Quantum founded by Plank introduces a 5th power factor from Plank's law of black body radiation and the embedded error is 1/n a 5
The total error (1/n a) 5 (Ts/Te) 2 The fine structure constant = 1/137.03599 is a measurement error
This quantum error comes from Boltzmann (1/n a) 5 (Ts/Te) 2 Cosine -1 [1/Ln-1
] =23.44
Almost everything humans know about Physical sciences including physics astronomy physical chemistry and physical biology is all wrong because humans measure/measured wrong since the beginning of time and Earth's spin and Earth's spherical shape and Earth's air density and air index of refraction and Earth's spin periods introduces errors called modern Nobel science Plank h = 6.62606957 x 10- 34 joule -second is an error. IV Plank assumed light velocity c =299792458 km/sec and ended up giving planet Earth a light Velocity c = 299792458 km/sec Earth's radius re = 637100 meters/second; Earth's density = 5515 kilogram Earth's mass me = (4 /3) re3 =5.973886146 x 10 24 kilogram Light - Earth's momentum me c = 1.790926012 x 1033 kilogram meter/second The division (1/ me c)/h = 0.842687136 and in an Inverse square law the (0.842687136) = 0.917979921 and 0.91799921/ n a2 = 0.91799921/1.0002782 (dry air index of refraction) = cosine 23.44
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1 - Real time distance 1 = 1 is self evident; 2 = 2 is self evident A = A is self evident; B = B is self evident Or B = B; add and subtract A A = B + (B - A); divide by A (A/B) = 1 + (A - B)/B; multiply by D (A/B) D = D + [(A - B)/B] D --------------------------------- Equation - 1 C = C is self evident; D = D is self evident Or C = C; add and subtract D C = D + (C - D) ----------------------------------------------- Equation - 2 Comparing equations 1 and 2 yields, (1) AC = BD; (2) D = D; and (3) C - D = [(A - B)/B] D Or (C - D)/D = (A - B)/B Or D/D = B/B; Divide by t (1/D) ( D/ t) = (1/B) ( B/ t) Limit [(1/D) ( D/ t)] = Limit [(1/B) ( B/ t)] = ( + ) t --- 0 Or, d B/B = ( + ) d t Or, B = B0 e ( + ) t = A e ( + ) t B = A e ( + ) t Distance is A; real time distance is B = A e Or in general real time distance is r = r0 e ( + ) t 2 - Real time velocity With r = r0 e ( + ) t; real time velocity is v = [v0 + ( + ) r0] e ( + ) t Page 13
( + ) t
t --- 0
Nobel Institution is where Alfred Nobel honors the most dangerous criminals Cavendish experimental error of 5/2: G = 1/ (4/3) (2/5) a Te2 n a Celestial sphere error: (2): (1/ n a) (Te/ Ts) Sine-1[1/ (2)] = 23.44 5/2 (2); 2/5 1/ (2); 2/5 [1/ (2)] (Te/ Ts) With ' = '0 -2 ( + ) t Or, ' = '0 -2 t + 2 t And ' = ' x + ' y = '0 -2 t [cosine 2 t + cosine 2 t] Along the line of sight ' x = '0 -2 t cosine 2 t And ' x = '0 -2 t [1- 2 sine 2 t] With ' x = 2/T; '0 = 2/T0 [(2/T) - (2/T0)] = - (4/T0) -2 t sine 2 t With -2 t = (2 ); wt = arc tan (v/c) [(2/T) - (2/T0)] = (4/T0) (2 ) sine 2 arc tan (v/c)
Hubble's constant H0 = 74.2 km/second per mega parsec 1 parsec = [360x60x60/2 ] x149 598, 000,000 1 mega parsec = [360x60x60/2 ] x149 598, 000,000 x 1,000,000
74.2 km/sec per mega parsec
H0 = 74,200 / {[360x60x60/2 ] x149 598, 000,000 x 1,000,000} = 2.4 x 10-18 sec-1 H0 = (4/T0) (2 ) sine 2 arc tan (v/c)
T0 = Earth orbital period 365.251 days; v = Earth's spin velocity = 464.581 m/sec; c= light velocity = 299792458 m/sec
(4/365.251) (2 ) (464.581/299792458) 2 = 2.4 x 10-18 = 74.2 km/sec/mega parsec Conclusion: Edwin Hubble made the following errors
1- Real time measurements r = r0 e ( + ) t; ' = '0 -2 ( + ) t 2- Spherical error (2 ) 3- Measured = H0 = [(2/T) - (2/T0)] (2 ) (4/T0) (v/c) 2 Edwin Hubble was/is a professional astronomer at Macdonald's or NASA because there is no difference between NASA and Macdonald's of a big bang that no one heard and dark energy that no one can find and time travel that no one can perform!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Etc All rights reserved