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    Transport, Communication and Trade

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    deepa_ch1397
    Transport, communication, and trade are essential for economic activity and human interaction. Various modes of transport have developed over time to move people and goods, including roads, railways, waterways, pipelines, and airways. India has extensive transport networks, though road infrastructure remains inadequate in parts. Railways are a major mode of long-distance transport, while waterways enable bulk transport. Communication networks like postal services, telephones, television, and the internet bring people together by sharing information and entertainment. International trade is important for countries' economic prosperity but India currently has an unfavorable balance of trade.

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    Transport, Communication and Trade

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    deepa_ch1397
    85 views7 pages
    Transport, communication, and trade are essential for economic activity and human interaction. Various modes of transport have developed over time to move people and goods, including roads, railways, waterways, pipelines, and airways. India has extensive transport networks, though road infrastructure remains inadequate in parts. Railways are a major mode of long-distance transport, while waterways enable bulk transport. Communication networks like postal services, telephones, television, and the internet bring people together by sharing information and entertainment. International trade is important for countries' economic prosperity but India currently has an unfavorable balance of trade.

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    Transport

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    Transport, communication, and trade are essential for economic activity and human interaction. Various modes of transport have developed over time to move people and goods, including roads, railways, waterways, pipelines, and airways. India has extensive transport networks, though road infrastructure remains inadequate in parts. Railways are a major mode of long-distance transport, while waterways enable bulk transport. Communication networks like postal services, telephones, television, and the internet bring people together by sharing information and entertainment. International trade is important for countries' economic prosperity but India currently has an unfavorable balance of trade.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    85 views7 pages

    Transport, Communication and Trade

    Uploaded by

    deepa_ch1397
    Transport, communication, and trade are essential for economic activity and human interaction. Various modes of transport have developed over time to move people and goods, including roads, railways, waterways, pipelines, and airways. India has extensive transport networks, though road infrastructure remains inadequate in parts. Railways are a major mode of long-distance transport, while waterways enable bulk transport. Communication networks like postal services, telephones, television, and the internet bring people together by sharing information and entertainment. International trade is important for countries' economic prosperity but India currently has an unfavorable balance of trade.

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    of 7

    Transport, Communication and Trade

    Transport

    Movement is an essential component of life


    Humans have been moving from place to place for living
    First man used to walk all by himself
    Then he started using animals to carry and him and his goods
    Wheel and Carts facilitated his travel and carriage of goods and materials
    Then came the Cars
    Buses, Trains, Ships and Aeroplanes have helped man to move in large numbers
    They also helped him to carry goods and materials
    They also helped him in production and distribution
    They have all brought the world closer

    Now Transport is overwhelmingly mechanical


    Transports are important link between producers and consumers
    Well knit transport system brings people close to one another
    Transport routes have become arteries of our economy
    The transport routes are: Land, Water and Air
    But then there are five types of modes of transport. They are:
    Roadways, Railways, Pipelines, Waterways and Airways.

    Roadways:

    India has one of the largest networks in the world


    Good roads were built from ancient days - Ashoka, Chandragupta, Sher Shah Suri
    Roads are important for transport of goods
    They are very suitable for short and medium distances
    They are the only suitable means in mountains
    They connect fields with markets and farms with factories
    They provide door to door service
    Roads can be broadly categories into
    National Highways
    State Highways
    District Roads
    Village Roads
    Border Roads
    Express ways or Freeways
    International Highways

    National Highways connect one state with another


    They are of national importance
    52000 KM of National Highways in India
    It is 2% of Road network, but carrying 40% of total road traffic

    State Highways join State Capitals with District Headquarters


    Village roads connect the villages with neighboring towns
    Border roads are a vital link along the frontiers of our country
    Border Roads Organisation builds and maintains them

    Expressways are Highways with four to six lanes


    They meet the requirement of fast moving traffic
    We have Golden Quadrilateral connecting the Four Metros
    We have the North-South and East-West Corridors connecting the Four Directions
    We have roads connecting all 10 major ports

    Having good roads involve large amount of capital


    Hence Private Sector has been given work on BOT basis

    With all this road network is inadequate in India


    Well laid roads are highly congested
    Express ways do not have road side facilities like telephones, emergency health
    services, police protection, etc.
    As for other roads, still about half of the roads are unsurfaced
    They become unusable during rainy seasons

    Railways:

    Railways are the main artery of inland transport


    It is the life line of the country
    Railways are more convenient for long distance travelling
    It is very useful for large scale movement of passengers and freight

    Railways are 150 years old in India


    Their total length is 63500 km
    It is the second largest rail network in Asia
    Carries 40,000 lakh passengers and 4000 lakh tonnes of goods a year
    It is the largest public sector undertaking in the country
    It is divided into different zones, with new zones coming up frequently

    Our Railways are improving


    Steam engines have been replaced by diesel and electric engines
    Its tracks are getting electrification
    We have fast moving trains and inter city trains
    Facilities are improving for passengers
    Our narrow gauges are being improved into meter gauge and broad gauge

    Railways have many problems too


    Many Passengers travel without tickets
    They pull chains in mid way to alight enroute or even to rob passengers
    Thefts and damage to rail property is frequent
    Pipelines

    Pipelines are used to transport water to nearby cities and industries


    They are also used to transport crude oil, petroleum and natural gas between fields to
    refineries, fertiliser factories and thermal power plants

    Pipelines exist from oil fields --- Assam to Kanpur; Gujarat to Jalandhar;
    Gas pipelines exist from Hajira, Gujarat to Uttar Pradesh
    Pipelines also exist between Mumbai High and Mumbai; Mumbai to Pune

    Waterways

    Waterways are very suitable for heavy and bulky goods


    We have waterways over 14500 km length
    National Waterways exist over Ganga, Brahmaputra and West coast canal

    Airways

    They are the fastest and costliest


    They have a vital role during calamities - floods, earthquakes, epidemics, etc
    Airways are operated by a number of companies
    There are domestic and international airways and domestic and international airports

    Sea Ports

    We have a 7500 km long coastline


    In this we have 12 major ports and 181 medium ports
    90% of India's foreign trade is from western ports -
    Kandla, Mumbai, Nhava Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore and Cochin
    On the Eastern sides, we have Haldia, Paradeep, Visakhapatnam, Chennai and Tuticorin
    ports

    Major ports handle 15000 cargo vessels/ships per annum


    70% of these cargo are for overseas trade
    We have more imports than exports

    Communication

    Communication has been an essential requirement of human life


    No one can live without interacting with others
    Earliest communication was face to face
    Now modes of communication have improved
    Telephones, Television, Films and Internet have joined the mode
    Magazines and Newspapers have occupied the witten world of communication
    They have all brought the world closer

    Communication has two categories - Personal communication and Mass communication

    Personal communication

    Letters and parcels are handled by Indian Postal network


    This is the largest in the world
    They have different classes of mail

    Telecom network is also meeting personal communication


    We have 32000 telephone exchanges
    Number of private companies are working in this field
    Mass Communication

    Mass communication create awareness on many issues


    They also provide entertainment
    They also spread education

    They include, radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, books and films


    They communicate with several people at the same time

    All India Radio has 200 relaying stations


    They provide variety of programs
    We have more than 50,000 newspapers and magazines in 100 different languages
    Hindi tops the list followed by English
    India is the largest producer of films
    Films are certified by Central Board of Film Certification

    International Trade

    Goods are always exchanged between people and countries


    Local trades are carried on in villages, towns and cities
    When trade takes place between two countries, it is international trade
    It takes place through land routes, sea routes and air routes
    International trade leads to economic prosperity
    International trade is the economic barometer

    No country can survive without international trade


    Import and export are essential components of international trade
    International Trade is import and export
    The difference between import and export indicates balance of trade
    Where exports are high, it is favorable trade
    Where imports are high, it is unfavorable trade

    India has a foreign trade of Rs. 43 lakh crores


    In this import is 53% and export is 47%
    So we have unfavourable balance of trade
    We export agricultural and allied products and also some manufactured goods
    We also export ores and minerals.

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