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Response Spectrum - Is A Function of Frequency or Period, Showing The Peak Response

Response spectrum analysis is used to determine the maximum response of structures to ground motions during earthquakes. It considers the frequency content of ground motions and the dynamic properties of structures. Response spectra graph peak responses of oscillators with different natural periods when subjected to transient ground motions. They allow evaluation of maximum modal responses of structures without requiring actual time histories at every location. Errors in response spectrum evaluation include approximations in ground motion records and numerical computations. Response spectra are influenced by factors like magnitude, distance, and soil conditions of earthquakes.

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55 views5 pages

Response Spectrum - Is A Function of Frequency or Period, Showing The Peak Response

Response spectrum analysis is used to determine the maximum response of structures to ground motions during earthquakes. It considers the frequency content of ground motions and the dynamic properties of structures. Response spectra graph peak responses of oscillators with different natural periods when subjected to transient ground motions. They allow evaluation of maximum modal responses of structures without requiring actual time histories at every location. Errors in response spectrum evaluation include approximations in ground motion records and numerical computations. Response spectra are influenced by factors like magnitude, distance, and soil conditions of earthquakes.

Uploaded by

renzon272
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In order to perform the seismic analysis and design of a structure to be built at a

particular location, the actual time history record is required. However, it is not possible

to have such records at each and every location. Further, the seismic analysis of

structures cannot be carried out simply based on the peak value of the ground

acceleration as the response of the structure depend upon the frequency content of

ground motion and its own dynamic properties. To overcome the above difficulties,

earthquake response spectrum is the most popular tool in the seismic analysis of

structures.

Response spectrum is an important tool in the seismic analysis and design of

structures. It describes the maximum response of damped single degree of freedom

system to a particular input motion at different natural periods. Response spectrum

method of analysis is advantageous as it considers the frequency effects and provides a

single suitable horizontal force for the design of structure.

Response Spectrum - is a function of frequency or period, showing the peak response

of a simple harmonic oscillator that is subjected to a transient event. The response

spectrum is a function of the natural frequency of the oscillator and of its damping.

Thus, it is not a direct representation of the frequency content of the excitation (as in a

Fourier transform), but rather of the effect that the signal has on a postulated system

with a single degree of freedom (SDOF).


Response Spectrum Analysis - is the method that allows the determination of

maximum modal response of a singly supported structural system or a multiple

supported system where all supports receive the same excitation.

Origin of the Response Spectrum Analysis Method

In 1971, with the occurrence of the San Fernando, California, earthquake, the

modern era of RSM was launched. This earthquake was recorded by 241

accelerographs, and by combining these data with all previous strong-motion records it

became possible to perform the first comprehensive empirical scaling analyses of

response spectral amplitudes.

Derivation

The system used for analysis consists of a mass, m, spring with constant k, and

dashpot with viscous damping constant, c (with units of force x time per length).

The system responds to a ground displacement z(t) with absolute displacement y(t).

Given the ground motion, or input, the response of the system can be determined using

Newton’s second law.


Factors influencing Response Spectrum

The response spectral values depend upon the following parameters

 Energy release mechanism

 Epicentral distance

 Focal depth

 Soil condition

 Richter magnitude

 Damping in the system

 Time period of the system

Errors in Evaluation of Response Spectrum

The following errors are introduced in evaluation of response spectrum

1. Straight line Approximation: - In the digital computation of spectra, the actual

earthquake record is replaced by linear segments between the points of

digitization.

2. Truncation Error: - In general, a truncation error exists in numerical methods for

integrating differential equations.

3. Error Due to Rounding the Time Record: - For earthquake records digitized at

irregular time intervals, the integration technique proposed in this report requires

rounding of the time record and the attendant error depends on the way the

rounding is done.
4. Error Due to Discretization: - In any numerical method of computing the spectra,

the response is obtained at a set of discrete points. Since spectral values

represent maximum values of response parameters which may not occur at

these discrete points, discretization introduces an error which gives spectrum

values lower than the true values.


Response Spectrum Characteristics

Response spectrum ( ζ= 0,2,5, and 10%) and peak values of ground

acceleration, ground velocity, and ground displacement for El Centro ground motion.

Response spectrum for El Centro ground motion plotted with normalized scale A/ϋgo ,

V/ůgo , and D/ugo ; ζ = 0, 2 , 5 and 10%. Response spectrum for El Centro ground motion shown

by a solid line together with an idealized version shown by a dashed line; ζ = 5 %

References:

 http://www.sginstitute.in/activities/Civil/Day_6_1.pdf

 https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/105101004/downloads/04%20Chapt

er.pdf

 http://riogrande.ees.nmt.edu/outside/courses/GEOP523/Docs/RJohnson.pdf

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