Scribd
Upload
1K views3 pages

Case Study PTB

The document outlines the objectives and introduction of a case study on pulmonary tuberculosis. The general objective is to broaden knowledge of the disease and develop skills in patient care. Specific objectives include defining pulmonary tuberculosis, understanding its acquisition and pathophysiology, and applying classroom skills. The introduction defines pulmonary tuberculosis as an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually spread through airborne droplets. It remains a leading global cause of death and disproportionately impacts developing nations.

Uploaded by

April Imperial Tordecillas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views3 pages

Case Study PTB

The document outlines the objectives and introduction of a case study on pulmonary tuberculosis. The general objective is to broaden knowledge of the disease and develop skills in patient care. Specific objectives include defining pulmonary tuberculosis, understanding its acquisition and pathophysiology, and applying classroom skills. The introduction defines pulmonary tuberculosis as an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually spread through airborne droplets. It remains a leading global cause of death and disproportionately impacts developing nations.

Uploaded by

April Imperial Tordecillas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

General objective:

☺ The general objective of this case study is to broaden our knowledge about the
disease and develop skills on how to render the best possible care to a patient suffering
from Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Specific Objective:

☺ To be able to define Pulmonary Tuberculosis as well as on how it is


acquired, factors, signs and symptoms.
☺ To be able to know the pathophysiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
☺ To be able to know the other problems that the client is suffering.
☺ To gain more information about patient’s condition.
☺ To apply skills learned in the classrooms to actual handling and caring
of a patient who suffered from Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by slow- growing bacteria that


resembles a fungus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is usually spread from person to
person by droplet nuclei through the air. The lung is the usual infection site but the
disease can occur elsewhere in the body.Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of
death worldwide from a single infectious disease agent. Indeed up to 1/2 of the world's
population is infected with TB. The registered number of new cases of TB worldwide
roughly correlates with economic conditions: the highest incidences are seen in those
countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America with the lowest gross national products.
WHO estimates that eight million people get TB every year, of whom 95% live in
developing countries. An estimated 2 million people die from TB every year. In the past,
tuberculosis has been called consumption, because it seemed to consume people from
within, with a bloody cough, fever, pallor, and long relentless wasting. Other names
included phthisis (Greek for consumption) and phthisis pulmonalis; scrofula (in adults),
affecting the lymphatic system and resulting in swollen neck glands; tabes mesenterica,
PTB is also called Koch's disease, after the scientist Robert Koch. Aside from
Pulmonary Tuberculosis there are also diseases related to tb that are called tuberculosis.
According to the part of the body infected. This include the ff.

Tuberculosis meningitis: Brain


This is caused by the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the brain,
from another site in the body. The symptoms usually begin gradually.

Genitourinary TB: see also uterus tb below


In men, genital TB may present as epididymitis or a scrotal mass.
In women, genital Tb may mimic pelvic inflammatory disease.
This type of TB causes approximately 10% of sterility in women worldwide and
approximately 1% in industrialized countries.

Gastrointestinal TB:
Any site along the gastrointestinal tract may become infected.

Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (scrofula): Lymph


The most common site is in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It usually is
unilateral. It usually is unilateral, with little or no pain. Advanced disease may suppurate
and form a draining sinus.

Cutaneous TB: TB of the skin


Several different types of cutaneous TB exist.
Direct infection of the skin or mucous membranes from an outside source of
mycobacteria results in an initial lesion called the tuberculous chancre

Uterus Ovarian TB:


Female genital organs are one of the common sites to be involved in women.
It is a chronic disease and bacteria may remain for long time
slowly destroying the organs. The disease may remain totally symptomless or may lead to
pelvic pain,
Infertility may be caused even by early or minimal disease.

Osteo-articular Skeletal - Bone - Joint TB:


The most common site of a involvement is the spine "Potts diseases.
Symptoms include back pain or stiffness. Lower extremity paralysis occurs
in as many as half the patients with undiagnosed Potts disease
Tuberculous arthritis usually involves only 1 joint.
Although any point may be involved, the hip of the knee is affected most commonly,
followed by the ankle, elbow, wrist, hip or the knee is affected most commonly, followed
by the ankle, elbow wrist and shoulder.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

More than 3.8 million new cases of tuberculosis all forms (pulmonary and
extrapulmonary), 90% of them from developing countries—were reported to the World
Health Organization (WHO) in 2001. However, because of a low level of case detection
and incomplete notifications, reported cases represent only a fraction of the total. It is
estimated that 8.5 million new cases of tuberculosis occurred worldwide in 2001, 95% of
them in developing countries of Asia (5 million), Africa (2 million), the Middle East (0.6
million), and Latin America (0.4 million). It is also estimated that 1.8 million deaths from
tuberculosis occurred in 2000, 98% of them in developing countries.
developing countries
CAUSATIVE AGENT OF DISEASE

Tuberculosis is caused by a group of bacteria, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)


complex, which includes M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum and M. microti, of
which the first three are important in human infection. Incubation period Infection to the
primary lesion or significant tuberculin reaction is about four to twelve weeks.

Patients with active pulmonary or laryngeal TB can transmit the bacteria to others as long
as they are discharging tubercle bacilli in their sputum. Generally, when TB patients start
adequate and appropriate treatment, their sputum becomes free of bacilli within a few
weeks.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

It is commonly transmitted from a patient with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis to other


persons by droplet nuclei, which are aerosolized by coughing, sneezing, or speaking. The
tiny droplets dry rapidly; the smallest (<10 µm in diameter) may remain suspended in the
air for several hours and may gain direct access to the terminal air passages when inhaled.
There may be as many as 3000 infectious nuclei per cough. Other routes of transmission
of tubercle bacilli, such as through the skin or the placenta, are uncommon and of no
epidemiologic significance.

You might also like