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Client Server

This document summarizes the client-server model. It describes how clients initiate connections to servers to request services, and servers wait to provide services to multiple clients simultaneously. It also discusses how services are identified, how multiple servers can provide a single service, and how clients and servers interact through transport protocols like TCP and UDP.

Uploaded by

Syed Ahtasham ul haq
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

Client Server

This document summarizes the client-server model. It describes how clients initiate connections to servers to request services, and servers wait to provide services to multiple clients simultaneously. It also discusses how services are identified, how multiple servers can provide a single service, and how clients and servers interact through transport protocols like TCP and UDP.

Uploaded by

Syed Ahtasham ul haq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 23 - Client-Server Interaction

Last modified: Wed Feb 17 12:57:34 1999


Page number Title
1 Introduction
2 Internet protocols and network applications
3 Establising contact through internet protocols
4 Client-server paradigm
5 Characteristics of client
6 Characteristics of server
7 ``Server-class'' computers
8 Message exchanges
9 Transport protocols and client-server paradigm
10 Multiple services on one computer
11 Identifying a service
12 Multiple servers for one service
13 Master-slave servers
14 Selecting from multiple servers
15 Connection-oriented and connectionless transport
16 Client-server interactions
17 Summary

Top of Telecom Lecture notes Labs Assignments Project


Introduction
• Application-level protocols provide high-level services
o DNS
o Electronic mail
o Remote login
o FTP
o World Wide Web
• All of these applications use client-server architecture

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Internet protocols and network applications

• Internet protocols provide


o General-purpose facility for reliable data transfer
o Mechanism for contacting hosts
• Application programs
o Use internet protocols to contact other applications
o Provide user-level services

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Establising contact through internet protocols

• Application must interact with protocol software before contact is made


• Listening application informs local protocol software that it is ready to accept
incoming messages
• Connecting application uses internet protocol to contact listener
• Applications exchange messages through resulting connection

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Client-server paradigm

• Server application is ``listener''


o Waits for incoming message
o Performs service
o Returns results
• Client application establishes connection
o Sends message to server
o Waits for return message

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Characteristics of client

• Arbitrary application program


o Becomes client when network service is needed
o Also performs other computations
• Invoked directly by user
• Runs locally on user's computer
• Initiates contact with server
• Can access multiple services (one at a time)
• Does not require special hardware or sophisticated operating system

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Characteristics of server

• Special purpose application dedicated to providing network service


• Starts at system initialization time
• Runs on a remote computer (usually centralized, shared computer)
• Waits for service requests from clients; loops to wait for next request
• Will accept requests from arbitrary clients; provides one service to each client
• Requires powerful hardware and sophisticated operating system

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``Server-class'' computers

• Shared, centralized computers that run many server applications are sometimes
called ``servers''
• More precisely, the applications are the ``servers'' and the computer is a ``server-
class computer''
• Servers can run on very simple computers...

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Message exchanges

• Typically, client and server exchange messages:


o Client sends request, perhaps with data
o Server send response, perhaps with data
• Client may send multiple requests; server sends multiple responses
• Server may send multiple response - imagine video feed

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Transport protocols and client-server paradigm

• Clients and servers exchange messages through transport protocols; e.g., TCP or
UDP
• Both client and server must have same protocol stack and both interact with
transport layer

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Multiple services on one computer

• Sufficiently powerful computer - fast enough processor, multi-tasking OS - may


run multiple servers
• Servers run as independent processes and can manage clients simultaneously
• Can reduce costs by sharing resources among multiple services
• Reduces management overhead - only one server-class computer to maintain
• One server can affect others by exhausting server-class computer resources
• Failure of single server-class computer can bring down multiple servers

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Identifying a service

• Each service gets a unique identifier; both client and


• server use that identifier
o Server registers with local protocol software under the identifier
o Client contacts protocol software for session under that identifier
• Example - TCP uses protocol port numbers as identifiers
o Server registers under port number for service
o Client requests session with port number for service

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Multiple servers for one service

• Responding to a client request may require significant time


• Other clients must wait while earlier requests are satisfied
• Multiple servers can handle requests concurrently, completing shorter requests
without waiting for longer requests

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Master-slave servers

• One way to run concurrent servers is to dynamically create server processes for
each client
• Master server accepts incoming requests and starts slave server for each client
• Slave handles subsequent requests from its client
• Master server then waits for next request

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Selecting from multiple servers

• How do incoming messages get delivered to the correct server?


• Each transport session has two unique identifiers
o (IP address, port number) on server
o (IP address, port number) on client
• No two clients on one computer can use same source port
• Thus, client endpoints are unique, and server computer protocol software can
deliver messages to correct server process

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Connection-oriented and connectionless transport

• Which to choose?
• TCP - connection-oriented
o Client establishes connection to server
o Client and server exchange multiple messages of arbitrary size
o Client terminates connection
• UDP - connectionless
o Client constructs message
o Client sends message to server
o Server responds
o Message must fit in one UDP datagram
• Some services use both
o DNS, chargen, motd
o Can be provided by single server

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Client-server interactions

• Clients can access multiple services sequentially


• Clients may access different servers for one service
• Servers may become clients of other servers
• Circular dependencies may arise...

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Summary

• Client-server paradigm used in almost every distributed computation


o Client requests service when needed
o Server waits for client requests
• Servers usually run on server-class computer
• Clients and servers use transport protocols to communicate
• Often, but not always, there is an application protocol

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