Threaded Fasteners and Nonpermanent Joints
Threaded Fasteners and Nonpermanent Joints
Threaded Fasteners and Nonpermanent Joints
and Nonpermanent
Joints
Design 1
Mechanical Engineering Faculty
Engineering Division
Universidad Santo Tomás
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Threaded Fasteners
Nut Stud
Bolt Cap Screw
Washer
Washer
Parts
(members)
Nut Washer
t: washer thickness
d: bolt (external) diameter
L: bolt length
LT: length of thread
ld: length of unthreaded portion
lt: length of threaded portion
t1: thickness of the first material
t2: thickness of the second material
t2
h , t2 d
2
l
'
h d , t d
2 2
L h 1.5d
Proof load: Fp S p A t
0.75Fp for nonpermanent joints, reused fasteners
Fi
0.90 Fp for permanent connection s
From: Budynas-Nisbett, p.426
Pretension (preload)
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Preload Vs Tightening Torque
Ti KdFi
Condition K value
Dry surface and unlibricated bolts 0.20
“average” condition of thread friction (=0.15) 0.20
Lubricated bolts 0.15
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Preload Control
Torque Wrench
spring
floor
nut
bolt
100 lb
100 lb
Adapted from: Norton, p.835 12
The Spring Analogy
100 lb
Insert Stop
100 lb
Adapted from: Norton, p.835 13
The Spring Analogy
100 lb
100 lb
90 lb
Adapted from: Norton, p.835 15
The Spring Analogy
110 lb
110 lb
Adapted from: Norton, p.835 16
The Spring Analogy
Bolt “spring”
with stiffness
Member constant kb
“spring” with
stiffness
constant km
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Bolt Stiffness
1 1 1
kb k d kt
Eb At Eb Ad
kt kd
lt ld
Spring rate of the Spring rate of the
threaded portion unthreaded portion
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Member Stiffness
1 1 1 1
km k1 k2 ki
dw = 1.5d = 30º
0.5774 E d
kcone
1.155t D d D d
ln
1.155t D d D d
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Load Analysis: Static Failure
Applying preload:
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Load Analysis: Static Failure
21
Load Analysis: Static Failure
Fb Fi C P
Fm Fi 1 C P
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Load Analysis: Static Failure
S p At Fi
Load Factor: n ; n 1
CP
Fi
n0 ; n0 1
1 C P
Separation Factor:
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References
Norton, R.L. Machine Design: an integrated
approach. 3rd ed, 2006.
Budynas and Nisbett. Shigley’s Mechanical
Engineering Design. 8th ed, 2006.
Mott, R.L. Machine Elements in Mechanical
Design. 4th ed, 2004.
Urugal, A.C. Mechanical Design. 2004.
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References
SPS Technologies Aerospace Fasteners website:
http://www.spstech.com/aero/
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