2-4 Steps in Developing Application:

There are three primary steps involved in building a Visual Basic

application:

1- Draw the user interface

2- Assign properties to controls .
3-Attach code to control.
To see how this is done, use the steps in the following procedures to
create a simple application for the following example .

Example 2-1: Design a form with one text box and two Commands
button. Write a code so when run project and click on command1 (O.k.)
replace the word (Welcome) in text box, and when click on Command2
(Close) terminate the program and return back to the form interface.

Solution:


 Creating the Interface:

The first step in building a Visual Basic application is to create the

forms that will be the basis for your application’s interface. Then you
draw the objects that make up the interface on the forms you create.

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 1. Adding a text box to the form. Double-click the toolbox’s textbox to
create a text box with sizing handles in the center of the form.
2. Adding a Command Button1 to the form. Click on button and draw
button1 to form then the button appears on form.
3. Repeat step 2 to add a Command Button2 to the form.


 Setting Properties:
The next step is to set properties for the objects. The properties
window provides an easy way to set properties for all objects on a form.
For the Example )1( , you’ll need to change three property setting. Use the
default setting for all other properties.

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Note:
• The Caption property determines what is displayed in the form’s title bar
or what text the controls displays on a form.
• The TextBox’s Text Property determines what text (if any) the TextBox
displays.
• The Name property identifies a form or control. It’s necessary only for
writing code.


 Writing Code:
The code editor window is where you write Visual Basic code for your
application. Code consists of language statements, constants, and
declarations. To open the code window, double-click the form or control for
which you choose to write code, or from the Project Explorer window,
select the name of a form and choose the View code button.
 In the Object list box, select the name of an object in the active
form. Or double click of an object.
 In the procedure list box, select the name of an event for the
selected object. The Click procedure is the default procedure for a
command button and the Load is default procedure for a form.

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  An event procedure for a control combines the control’s actual name
(specified in the name property), an underscore ( _ ), and the event
name. For example (Command1_click).
 Type the code between the Sub and the End Sub statements.

Choose the command1 and type the following code:

Private Sub Command1_click ( )
Text1.text=”Welcome”
End Sub

Choose the command2 and type the following code: Private Sub
Command2_click ( )

End

End Sub

Note: The statement END used to close the program runtime.

 Running the Application:

To run the application, choose start from the run menu, or click the start
button on the toolbar , or F5 Click the command button (O.k.) and see the
“Welcome” displayed in the text box. Click the command button (close) the
end the program and return to the form window.
 Saving a Project

Choosing save project from the file menu. Visual Basic will prompt you
separately to save the form and then the project.

Example 2-2: Design a form shown in figure below, with three text
boxes and one Command Button. Write code in the Command1 (Execute).

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So when run project enter the Student Name in TextBox (Txt1) and the
Father Name in TextBox (Txt2). When click on Command1 (Execute)
replace the Full Name in the TextBox(Txt3).

Solution :

 Creating the Interface:
1. Adding a Label to the form1. Double-click the Label’s Label to create a
Label with sizing handles in the center of the form1.
2. Repeat step 1 to add Label2 and Label3.
3. Adding a TextBox to the form1. Double-click the toolbox’s textbox to
create a text box with sizing handles in the center of the form1.
4. Repeat step 3 to add Text2 and Text3.
5. Adding a Command Button1 to the form. Click on button and draw
Button to form then the Button1 appears on form1.

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
 Setting Properties :








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  Writing Code:
Choose the command1 and type the following code:

Private Sub Command1_click ( )

Txt3.text=tex1.text+ “ “+txt2.text

End Sub


 Running the Application:
To run the application, choose start from the run menu, or click the start
button on the toolbar , or F5 Click the command button1 (Execute) and
see the Full Name displayed in the TextBox3.

 Saving a Project :

Choosing save project from the file menu. Visual Basic will prompt you
separately to save the form and then the project.

3. Fundamentals of programming in Visual Basic

3.1 Data Types (Constant and Variable): Data types control of

internal storage of data in Visual Basic. There are a number of variable
data types that allow you to optimize your code for speed and size.

1- Boolean: A variable of type Boolean requires 2 bytes of memory and

holds either the value True or False. If boolVar is a Boolean variable, then
the statement Print boolVar displays(1) when the value is True and displays
(0) when the value is False.

2- Currency: The currency data type is extremely useful for calculations

involving money. A variable of type Currency requires 8 bytes of memory
and can hold any number from -9x1014 to 9x1014.
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3-Date: A variable of type Date requires 8 bytes of memory and holds
numbers representing dates from January 1St 100 To December 31St 9999.
Values of dateVar are displayed in the form month/day/year (for example,
5/12/1996).

4-Single: A variable of type Single requires 4 bytes of memory and can

hold 0, the numbers from 1.40129x10-45 to 3.40283x1038 with the most
seven significant digits, and the negatives of these numbers.

5-Double: A variable of type Double requires 8 bytes of memory and can

hold 0, the numbers from 4.94065x10-324 to 1.7976x10308 with at most 14
significant digits and the negatives of these numbers.

6-Integer: A variable of type integer requires 2 bytes of memory and can

hold the whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767.

7-Long: A variable of type Long requires 4 bytes of memory and can hold
the whole numbers from -2x109 to 2x109.

8-String: A variable of type string requires 1 byte of memory per

character and can hold a string of up to 32,767 characters, string values
are enclosed in quotes. A variable of type String*n holds a string of n
characters, where n is a whole number from 1 to 32,767.

9-Variant: A variable of type variant can be assigned numbers, Strings

and several other types of data. A variable of type variant requires 16
bytes of memory and can hold any type of data. When values are assigned
to a variant variable, Visual Basic keeps track of the “type “of data that has
been sorted 9for example, type 2 for integer).By default, Visual Basic uses
the variant data type.

3.2 Variables:

In Visual Basic, uses variable for storage values. must start with character
and maximum length 255 character and not contain any point.

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3.3 Declaration of a variable

The declaration means defining the variable type. The variable has to be
declared with the Dim Statement, supplying a name for the variable:

Dim variable name [As type]

Variables declared with the Dim statement within a procedure exist only as
long as the procedure is executing. When the procedure finishes the value
of the variable disappears. In addition, the value of a variable in a
procedure is local to that procedure can’t access a variable in one
procedure from another procedure.

A variables name:
 Must begin with letter.
 Can’t contain an embedded period or embedded type-declaration
character.

 Must not exceed 255 characters. The names of controls, forms, and
modules must not exceed 40 characters.
 They can’t be the same as restricted keywords (a restricted keyword
is a word that Visual Basic uses as part of its language. This includes
predefined statements such as “If and Loop”, functions such as “Len
and Abs”, and operators such as “Or and Mod”).
The optional as type clause in the Dim statement allows you to define
the data type or object type of the variable you are declaring (see
sec.3.1).

Examples:

Dim X As Integer
Dim Balance As Currency
Dim Y As Long
Dim A AS Double, B As Double
Dim Month As Date
Dim Max As Single

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 Dim Name As String
Dim Z,V,C

3.4 Assigning Values to Variables

After declaring various variables using the Dim statements, we can assign
values to those variables.
The general format of an assignment is:

Variable=Expression

The variable can be a declared variable or a control property value. The

expression could be a mathematical expression, a number, a string, a
boolean value(true or false) and etc. The following are
some examples:

firstNumber=100
secondNumber=firstNumber-99
userName="John Lyan"
userpass.Text = password
Label1.Visible = True
Command1.Visible = false
Label4.Caption = textbox1.Text
ThirdNumber = Val(usernum1.Text)
total = firstNumber + secondNumber+ThirdNumber

3.5 Operators in Visual Basic

In order to compute inputs from users and to generate results, we need to
use various mathematical operators. In Visual Basic, except for + and -,
the symbols for the operators are different from normal
mathematical operators, as shown in table below.
Operator Mathematical function Example
^ Exponential 4*3=12 2^4=16
* Multiplication 4*3=12
/ Division 12/4=3

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 Mod Modulus(return the 15 Mod 4=3
remainder from an
integer division)
Integer
\ Division(discards 19\4=4
the decimal places)
"Visual"&"Basic"="Visual
+ or & String concatenation Basic"

Example:

firstName=Text1.Text
secondName=Text2.Text
yourName=firstName+secondName
number1=val(Text3.Text)
number2=val(Text4.Text)
number3=num1*(num2^3)
number4=number3 Mod 2
number5=number4\number1
Total=number1+number2+number3+number4+number5
Average=Total/5

4. Conditional Operators

Basically, they resemble

mathematical operators. Conditional operators are very powerful tools,
they let the VB program compare data values and then decide what action
to take, whether to execute a program or terminate the program
and etc. These operators are shown in the Table below.

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 Operator Meaning
= Equal
> More than
< Less than
>= More than and equal
<= Less than and equal
<> Not Equal to

* You can also compare strings with the above operators. However, there
are certain rules to follows:
Upper case letters are less than lowercase letters,
"A"<"B"<"C"<"D".......<"Z" and number are less than
letters.

4.1 Logical Operators

In addition to conditional operators, there are a few logical operators which
offer added power to the VB
programs. There are shown in Table below.

Operator Meaning
And Both sides must be true
or One side or other must be true
Xor One side or other must be true but not both
Not Negates truth

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