School of Engineering and Architecture

Holy Angel University

Department of Civil Engineering CHAPTER 1
WORKING STRESS DESIGN
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RECONDESIGN Shear in Beam

Shear in Beams
the nominal shear stress, as a measure of diagonal tension, in reinforced concrete members shall
𝐕𝐮
be computed by; vact = (NSCP, Sec.427.8)
𝐛𝐝

vc < 0.09√𝐟 ′𝐜 (NSCP, Sec.424.8.4.1)

For members subject to significant axial tension.

𝑉𝑐 = 0.09(1+ 0.6𝑁/𝐴𝑔)√𝒇′𝒄 427.8.4.3

For members subject to shear and flexure only.

𝑉𝑐 = 0.083√𝒇′𝒄 + 9𝜌𝑤 (𝑉𝑑/𝑀) ≤ 0.14√𝒇′𝒄 427.8.4.4

For members subject to shear and flexure only.

Where: 𝑉𝑑/𝑀 ≤ 1.0 427.8.4.4

SHEAR REINFORCEMENTS
1. Stirrups perpendicular to axis of member
2. Welded wire fabric with wires located perpendicular to axis of member
3. Longitudinal reinforcement with bent portion
4. Combination of stirrups and bent longitudinal reinforcement
5. Spirals

Design yield strength of shear reinforcement shall not exceed 415 MPa.

Shear reinforcements shall extend to a distance d from extreme compression fiber and shall be
anchored at both ends to develop design yield strength of reinforcement.

Spacing Limits;
spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis or member shall be;

if (v – v c) < 1/6√f ′c
d
S ≤ S ≥ 600mm
2
if (v – v c) > 1/6√f ′c
d
S ≤ S ≤ 300mm
4
3√f ′c
where, (v – v c) ≤
8

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 Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Minimum Area of Reinforcements (NSCP, Sec.424.8.5.5.3)

minimum area of shear reinforcement, if required, shall be computed by;

if v > (1/2) v c

𝐛𝐰 𝐒
Av = ⁄𝟑 𝐟
𝐲

where:
v - design shear stress d - effective depth or section
vc - shear stress carried by concrete S - spacing of stirrups
Av - area of shear reinforcement b - width of section
V - design shear at section in consideration

REINFORCEMENT Shall be provided if:

𝑣 > 𝑣𝑐
Perpendicular to axis: 𝐴𝑣 = (𝑣−𝑣𝑐) 𝑏𝑤𝑠 / 3𝑓𝑦

Inclined stirrups: 𝐴𝑣 = (𝑣−𝑣𝑐)𝑤𝑠/𝑓𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)

Critical Section for Shear in a Beam

for design, the maximum shear shall be considered as that at the section a distance of “d” from
the face of the support unless a detailed analysis is made in accordance with the provisions of
the Code.

Bond Stress
in flexural members in which the tension reinforcement is parallel to the compression face, the
flexural bond stress at any cross section shall be computed by;

V 7.06 √f ′c
µ = =
∑ ojd db
where; µ - bond stress
∑O - sum of perimeters of all effective bars crossing the section on the tension
side
V - design shear
db - bar diameter

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.6 - A rectangular concrete beam has a span of 6 meters and fixed on both ends, it is to carry a
dead load of 30 kN/m and a live load of 50 kN/m. Determine the appropriate dimension of the beam and
the corresponding steel reinforcement at each critical section

Given: f′c = 25.0 MPa fs = 120 MPa

n = 10 fy = 300 MPa

S
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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.7 The beam shown is to be designed based from the given configurations and the listed
criteria. Neglect the weight of beam.

Given: f’c = 28.0 MPa fs = 140 MPa

n = 8 fy = 350 MPa

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.8 A rectangular tensioned reinforced concrete beam is to be designed for a dead load of 15
kN/m and a service live load of 25 kN/m with a 6 m simple span. Calculate the required beam size and
tensile reinforcement.

Given: fc = 12.0 MPa fs = 120 MPa

n = 10 fy = 275 MPa

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 School of Engineering and Architecture
Holy Angel University
Department of Civil Engineering CHAPTER 1
WORKING STRESS DESIGN
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
RECONDESIGN Doubly-Reinforced Beam

Doubly-Reinforced Beams
A beam that has compression steel as well as tension steel. Compression steel is thought
generally be an economical, but there are occasional situations where its use is quite advantageous.
Compression steel will permit the use of appreciably smaller beams than those that make use of tensile
steel only. Reduced sizes can be very important where space or architectural requirements limits the
sizes of beams and compression steel is also quite helpful in reducing long-term deflections.

fc
Cc
A′s O
d’
kd zd
Cs
d As C
O T jd
fs /n
b

𝐝′
𝐟𝐬 𝐤 𝐤−
fc = fs′ = 2n 𝐟𝐜
𝐝
𝐧(𝟏−𝐤) 𝐤

fs = n 𝐟𝐜
𝟏−𝐤
𝐤

Mc = ½ fc kjbd2 Ms′ = 𝐀′𝐬 𝐟𝐬′ (𝐝 − 𝐝′ )

𝐌 𝐌− 𝐌𝐜
As = A′s =
𝐟𝐬 𝐣𝐝 𝐟𝐬′ (𝐝−𝐝′ )

where: d’ - distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of compression

steel.
A′s - area of the compression steel reinforcement
Cc - compressive force in concrete
Cc′ - compressive force in the compression steel
C - Total compressive force

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.9 - Calculate the strength moment capacity of the doubly reinforced section shown. Assume
covering is 50 mm.
Given: fc = 12.0 MPa O y 2nA′s

450 mm
fs = 120 MPa 2 – 16
n As
n = 12 4 – 25
O

200 mm

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.10 A doubly reinforced rectangular concrete beam, 250-mm x 400-mm, has centers of steel
reinforcements, 50 mm above the bottom and 50 mm below the top of the section. The steel
reinforcements consist of 4 25-mm ϕ bars for tension and 2 20-mm ϕ bars for compression. Is the beam
adequate?

Given: fc = 10 MPa fs = 140 MPa

n = 10 ωc = 24 kN/m3

O y 2nA′s
2-20 350 mm
4-25 nAs
O
50 mm
6m
250 mm

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.11 A rectangular concrete beam, 350-mm x 550-mm simply supported, is to carry a uniform
load of 25 kN/m, including its own weight. Assuming concrete cover is 50 mm, design the beam.
Given: fc = 10 MPa 25 kN/m

600 mm
fs = 120 MPa As
o
n = 8
8.0 m
350 mm

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 Sample Problem Chapter 1 – WSD METHOD

Problem 1.12 A rectangular concrete beam, 300-mm X 500-mm, is fixed at both ends and is to carry a
uniform load of 30 kN/m, including its own weight. Assuming concrete cover is 50 mm, design the beam.
Use n = 8.

500 mm
25 kN/m
Given: fc = 12 MPa A
s
o
fs = 140 MPa 8.0 m
350 mm

D
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