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Chapter 2: Introduction To Machining Operations: 2.1 LATHE

This document provides an introduction to common machining operations performed on lathes and mills. For lathes, it describes facing, turning, grooving, threading, drilling, boring and countersinking. Facing cuts a flat surface perpendicular to the workpiece's axis using a facing tool. Turning reduces the workpiece's diameter using a cutting tool that moves linearly as the workpiece rotates. Grooving forms a narrow cavity of a certain depth. Threading cuts helical threads using a threading tool. For mills, it describes facing and drilling operations. Facing cuts a flat surface perpendicular to the milling cutter's axes using a rotating facing tool. Drilling can produce multiple holes on a workpiece either perpendicular or at

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106 views3 pages

Chapter 2: Introduction To Machining Operations: 2.1 LATHE

This document provides an introduction to common machining operations performed on lathes and mills. For lathes, it describes facing, turning, grooving, threading, drilling, boring and countersinking. Facing cuts a flat surface perpendicular to the workpiece's axis using a facing tool. Turning reduces the workpiece's diameter using a cutting tool that moves linearly as the workpiece rotates. Grooving forms a narrow cavity of a certain depth. Threading cuts helical threads using a threading tool. For mills, it describes facing and drilling operations. Facing cuts a flat surface perpendicular to the milling cutter's axes using a rotating facing tool. Drilling can produce multiple holes on a workpiece either perpendicular or at

Uploaded by

raghu g
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION TO MACHINING

OPERATIONS

2.1 LATHE

2.1.1 FACING

Facing on the lathe uses a facing tool to cut a flat surface perpendicular to the work
piece's rotational axis. A facing tool is mounted into a tool holder that rests on the carriage of
the lathe. The tool will then feed perpendicularly across the part's rotational axis as it spins in
the jaws of the chuck. It is also performed as sizing operation.

2.1.2 TURNING

Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit,


describes a helix toolpath by moving more or less linearly while the workpiece rotates. This
operation is done to reduce the diameter of the workpiece. Turning contains few types of
operation, they are-

 Plain turning
 Step turning
 Taper turning

2.1.3 GROOVING

The term grooving usually applies to a process of forming a narrow cavity of a certain


depth, on a cylinder, cone, or a face of the part. The groove shape, or at least a significant part
of it, will be in the shape of the cutting tool. This is done on workpiece shoulder to ensure
correct fit for mating parts. This operation is also called as Necking.
2.1.4 THREADING

Thread cutting on the lathe is a process that produces a helical ridge of uniform


section on the workpiece. This is performed by taking successive cuts with a threading tool
bit the same shape as the thread form required. Threads are generally done of two types, they
are-

 V Thread
 Square Thread

2.1.5 DRILLING

Drilling is the machining operation of generating cylindrical hole in the workpiece. In


Lathe machines, the drill bit is non-rotary and attached to the tail stock while the workpiece is
rotating. Also the drilling operation can only be performed along the lathe axis.

2.1.6 BORING AND COUNTERSINKING

The machining operation of enlarging already drilled hole is called Boring. While
Counter sinking is the operation of making a cone shaped enlargement at the end of a hole
to provide recess for a flat head screw or a countersunk rivet.

2.2 MILL

2.2.1 FACING

Facing on a milling machine is the process of cutting a flat surface perpendicular to the
axes of the milling cutter. This process removes the material by rotating the facing tool in the
counterclockwise direction as the table feeds the work piece across the cutter. This operation
is also called as sizing operation.
2.2.2 DRILLING

Drilling is the machining operation of generating cylindrical holes on the surface of the
workpiece. In case of Milling, multiple holes can be drilled on the surface of the workpiece
either perpendicular or at a particular angle.

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