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Unit-Ii MCB and Elcb

The document discusses different types of electrical safety devices used in circuits and their working principles. It describes Switch Fuse Units (SFU), Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB), Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB), and Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB). It also discusses types of wires, cables, and earthing methods used in electrical installations.

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Arshad Mohammed
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1K views26 pages

Unit-Ii MCB and Elcb

The document discusses different types of electrical safety devices used in circuits and their working principles. It describes Switch Fuse Units (SFU), Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB), Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB), and Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB). It also discusses types of wires, cables, and earthing methods used in electrical installations.

Uploaded by

Arshad Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Switch Fuse Unit (SFU)


MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
Types of Wires and Cables
Earthing
1. SFU (SWITCH FUSE UNIT):
• Switch fuse unit (SFU) is a low voltage A.C
Fuse unit which is used to protect the
electrical device or equipment from different
fault conditions.
• This fuse unit is housed in an enclosure made
using quality CR steel sheet.
• This fuse unit is most commonly used for low
and medium voltage applications.
• SFU consists of porcelain rewireable fuse
fitted with their conducting parts.
Schematic diagram of SFU
2. MCB( Miniature Circuit Breaker)
• An electromagnetic device that is used in the
protection of electrical circuit from an over current
is called MCB.
• Over current in an electrical circuit occur due to
the short circuit, overload or any faulty condition.
• When compared to fuse , MCB is considered as a
better alternative in protecting the circuit since no
replacement is required when an over current
occurrence is detected in the circuit.
• An MCB functions by interrupting the continuity of
electrical flow through the circuit once a fault is
detected.
• It is used for up to 100 Amps
PARTS OF MCB
1-pole, 2-pole, 3&4-pole MCB’S
MCCB ( Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)
• A moulded-case circuit breaker (MCCB) is a circuit
breaker that uses a molded case to house and
supports its current-carrying components as well
as to be a part of the insulation system.
• The MCCB is an electromechanical device that
protects the circuit from over-current and short
circuit conditions ranging from few amperes to
2000 amperes.
• The main difference MCB & MCCB is their
capacity.
• With the MCB rated under 100 amps with an
interrupting rating of under 18,000 amps.
Consequently, their trip characteristics may not
be adjusted since they basically cater to low
circuits.
MCCB
The selection of MCCB for a particular application
is based on its specifications:
The specifications of MCCB are:
1. Current rating in amperes
2. Current setting range in amperes
3. Short circuit rating in kilo amperes
4. Operating characteristics
(a). Normal
(b). Current limiting type.
MCB vs MCCB
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
• An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device
used in electrical installations with high Earth impedance
to prevent shock. It detects small stray voltages on the
metal enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts
the circuit if a dangerous voltage is detected..
• Types of ELCB. There are two different types of Earth
Leakage Circuit Breakers, They are: Voltage Operate
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker. Current Operate Earth
Leakage Circuit Breaker.
• Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker.
The working principle of voltage ELCB is quite simple.
One terminal of the relay coil is connected to the metal
body of the equipment to be protected against earth
leakage and other terminal is connected to the earth
directly.
Types of ELCB’S

Current operated ELCB


ELCB vs MCB
TYPES OF WIRES AND CABLES
According to National Electrical Code (NEC),
• wire: is defined as a single electrical conductor

• cable: is defined as a group of wires enclosed in a


sheathing.

• WIRES: A single conductor or a group of thin


conductor strands covered by an insulations
material to prevent it from making unwanted
contacts is called wire.

• In general wires are used to carry electrical and


telecommunication signals.
Types of wires
1. Solid, 2. Stranded
1. Solid wire: A single conductor that is either bare or
covered by a protective coloured insulation is called
solid wire.
 It is most commonly used in high frequency
application since it offers a low resistance.
2. Stranded wire: when many thin strands of a wire of
equal size are twisted and covered by a insulation
sheath is called stranded wire.
 Flexibility of stranded wire is high.
 Where the wire is used for longer period.
 Stranded wire has large cross sectional area when
compared to solid wire.
Types of wires

Bare wire/ conductor

Starnded conductor
Solid wire/ conductor
CABLES
• When two or more wires combined or bonded
together, twisted and sheathed together it forms
the cables.
• Types of cables:
I. Based on the type of conductor:
1. Copper or 2. Aluminum.
II. Based on number of cores:
1. Single core 2. two core 3. three core 4. three and a
half core and 4. four core cables.
III. Based on voltage grading:
1. low voltage cables 250/440 V
2. High voltage cables 650/1100 V.
TYPES OF CABLES
IV. Type of insulation material:
1. Vulcanized Indian Rubber(VIR) insulated cables.
2. Tough rubber sheathed(TRS) cables.
3. Cab tyre Sheathed(CTS) Cables.
4. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables.
5. Lead sheath cables.
6. Weather proof cables.
7. Cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables.
8. Flexible Cords and cable.
V. Based on Application:
1. Automotive 2. battery cables 3. control & switch board 4.
Power cables etc..
VI. In general:
1. Twisted pair 2. Coaxial 3. Multi conductor and
4. Fiber optic cables.
Types of Cables
EARTHING
• The process of transferring the immediate
discharge of the electrical energy directly to the
earth by the help of the low resistance wire is
known as the electrical earthing.
• The electrical earthing is done by connecting the
non-current carrying part of the equipment or
neutral of supply system to the ground.
• Earthing is used to protect you from an electric
shock. It does this by providing a path (a protective
conductor) for a fault current to flow to earth. It
also causes the protective device (either a circuit-
breaker or fuse) to switch off the electric current to
the circuit that has the fault.
Methods of Earthing
1. Pipe Earthing
2. Plate Earthing
3. Rod Earthing
1. Pipe earthing: This type of earthing is used most
widely in Industries. In this system of earthing a
GI pipe of 30-38 mm diameter and 2 Meters
length is buried vertically in ground to work as
earth electrode but the depth depend upon the
soil conditions, there is no hard and fast rule for
this.
1. Pipe earthing
 The earth wire are fastened to the
top section of the pipe with nut and
bolts.The pit area around the GI
pipe filled with salt and coal
mixture for reducing resistance. It
can take heavy leakage current for
the same electrode size in
comparison to plate earthing.

 Water is filled through pipe to


Maintain the resistance of
electrode. Pipe earthing is best
form of earthing and it is also very
cheap method of earthing.
2. Plate Earthing
• In this type of earthing plate either of
copper or of G.I. is buried into the
ground at a depth of 3 Meter or greater
than 3 Meters, Earthing plate should
not be buried lesser than 3 Meters.
• Earthing plate is filled with layers of salt
and coke not less than 1.5 feet so to
provide lesser resistance.
• The earth is securely bolted to an earth
plate with the help of bolt nut and
washer made of copper, in case of
copper plate earthing and of G.I. in
case of G.I. plate earthing.

• For GI earthing Plate Size should be --


600 mm X 600 mm X 8.30 mm
• For Copper earthing Plate Size should
be-- 600 mm X 600 mm X 3.15 mm
3. Rod Earthing
 This type of earthing is used in area
where there is soil is sandy in nature
and very lesser moistened. In this
system of earthing 10-15 mm diameter
solid rods of copper or 10-20 mm
diameter solid rod of GI pipe is directly
buried in earth not lesser then 3
meters. Rod is hammered into earth
for reducing resistance of earthing
electrode.
 This system of earthing is very cheap
Types of Earthings

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